妊娠合并子宫肉瘤的临床特征文献复习

子宫肉瘤是一种罕见的子宫恶性肿瘤,妊娠合并子宫肉瘤更为罕见。本文在PubMed、Medline和万方数据库检索妊娠合并子宫肉瘤相关文献,进行复习总结。其中1955年至2013年间共报道妊娠合并子宫肉瘤27例,多表现为腹部包块、阴道不规则出血及下腹部疼痛。治疗方式与发现孕周及组织学类型有关。预后与病理类型相关,与非妊娠期子宫肉瘤相似。     

卵巢腺肉瘤

子宫外苗勒氏腺肉瘤非常罕见,来源于卵巢、输卵管和腹膜间皮。文献中仅见13例卵巢和14例生殖道外的腺肉瘤的报道。本文报道1例卵巢腺肉瘤。患者32岁,日本妇女,G3P1,下腹疼痛7个月,无放射治疗史,盆腔检查发现右侧卵巢肿物并有子宫内膜异位囊肿,血清CA125 1 100 U/ml(正常为<35U/ml)。行右侧卵巢切除术。术中盆腹腔未见异常。术后10个月CT发现子宫直肠陷窝有肿瘤复发,血清CA125为950 U/ml。行全子宫、左侧附件、肿物、网膜及盆腔淋巴结切除术,术后4个月未发     

宫内早孕合并左侧输卵管伞部妊娠一例及文献复习

宫内孕合并异位妊娠临床罕见,近年来随着辅助生殖技术的兴起,其发病率有所上升。其临床表现不一,主要取决于种植于宫腔外的异位妊娠胚胎的发育情况,轻者可无明显症状或体征,严重者可致患者腹腔大出血、失血性休克甚至死亡。由于宫内孕合并异位妊娠十分凶险,临床上应尽早诊断,采取个体化治疗,以确保母儿安全。现报道1例罕见的宫内早孕合并左侧输卵管伞部妊娠病例,并进行相关文献复习,总结宫内孕合并异位妊娠的相关知识,以期引起妇产科医生的重视。     

宫内早孕合并左侧输卵管伞部妊娠一例及文献复习

宫内孕合并异位妊娠临床罕见,近年来随着辅助生殖技术的兴起,其发病率有所上升。其临床表现不一,主要取决于种植于宫腔外的异位妊娠胚胎的发育情况,轻者可无明显症状或体征,严重者可致患者腹腔大出血、失血性休克甚至死亡。由于宫内孕合并异位妊娠十分凶险,临床上应尽早诊断,采取个体化治疗,以确保母儿安全。现报道1例罕见的宫内早孕合并左侧输卵管伞部妊娠病例,并进行相关文献复习,总结宫内孕合并异位妊娠的相关知识,以期引起妇产科医生的重视。     

女性盆腔肉瘤的治疗进展

肉瘤是一种较为罕见的恶性肿瘤,易复发和远处转移,预后较差,根据女性盆腔肉瘤发生部位不同,主要有子宫、卵巢、宫颈、阴道、外阴和输卵管肉瘤,以手术治疗为主,原则是肿瘤细胞减灭术,对于子宫肉瘤的标准术式为全子宫切除术,对于子宫平滑肌肉瘤,双附件切除并不是其预后的独立影响因素,而对于子宫内膜间质肉瘤及癌肉瘤,标准术式为全子宫+双附件切除术。其次,针对不同类型不同分期的肉瘤,对盆腔淋巴洁清扫仍存有争议,历年来淋巴结清扫对于肉瘤的预后有无帮助也存在争议。盆腔肉瘤其他的辅助治疗手段包括化疗、放疗、激素治疗以及正处于研究阶段的靶向治疗,辅助治疗的选择可以根据不同类型的肉瘤不同的生物学特性来选择,强调个体化治疗是十分重要的。     

腹腔镜下腹膜后肿物切除的临床分析

目的探讨妇科患者腹膜后肿物的临床特点,评估腹腔镜在该病中的治疗价值。方法收集2014年11月至2020年12月在首都医科大学宣武医院妇科住院治疗的10例腹膜后肿物患者临床资料。分析其临床特点、手术情况,以及手术疗效。结果 10例患者均行腹腔镜下手术切除腹膜后肿物。术后病理多样。所有患者随访至今,无复发。结论腹膜后肿物发病比较少见,但其临床表现及影像学多样性,临床诊治存在困难。应在有经验的医学中心进行诊治。腹腔镜下腹膜后肿物切除术,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症低等特点,是值得被推荐的治疗方式。     

以外阴肿物为首发症状的原发性粒细胞肉瘤1例报告

正粒细胞肉瘤(granulocytic sarcoma,GS)也称髓细胞肉瘤(myeloid sarcoma,MS),是一种罕见的由未成熟髓系细胞在髓外增生浸润而形成的实体恶性肿瘤。好发于软组织、皮肤、腹膜、淋巴结~([1]),也可发生于中枢神经系统、骨骼、胃肠道、前列腺、睾丸、乳腺等部位~([2]),女性生殖系统更少见。该病诊断困难,为提高对GS的临床、病理特征的认识,避免误诊误治,寻找诊断和治疗的方法。本文总结     

输卵管癌肉瘤合并子宫内膜癌一例并文献复习

输卵管癌肉瘤又称恶性中胚叶混合瘤或恶性苗勒管混合瘤（malignant mixed müllerian tumor,MMMT）,临床上十分罕见,恶性程度高,预后差。其临床表现不典型,可以出现与其他妇科肿瘤类似的阴道不规则出血、腹痛或腹胀等症状,辅助检查无特异性,术前易误诊或漏诊,治疗方式以手术为主,术后给予以铂类为基础的联合化疗。现报告1例罕见输卵管癌肉瘤合并子宫内膜癌,通过文献复习进一步增加临床对输卵管癌肉瘤的认识。     

卵巢癌合并妊娠诊治

卵巢癌合并妊娠在临床上较罕见,明确诊断有一定困难,病理上以恶性生殖细胞肿瘤和上皮性肿瘤为主。妊娠对卵巢癌的生长、浸润和转移有影响,而卵巢癌则增加母胎并发症风险。手术和化疗是治疗妊娠合并卵巢癌的主要方法,但是时机的选择是关键环节。     

妊娠合并原发性输卵管系膜子宫内膜样癌1例

妊娠合并原发性输卵管系膜子宫内膜样癌极为罕见。浙江大学医学院附属第二医院于2015年收治1例本病患者, 患者因停经41周、胎儿窘迫行剖宫产术, 术中发现右侧输卵管系膜赘生物, 予完整切除后送常规病理检查, 提示右侧输卵管系膜子宫内膜样癌;产后1个月再次入院行腹腔镜输卵管系膜子宫内膜样癌保留生育功能手术, 手术范围包括右侧输卵管和卵巢切除+腹膜多处活检+大网膜切除+盆腔淋巴结切除术, 术后未行辅助治疗, 已规律随访7年余未见复发。本文回顾性分析本例剖宫产术后意外诊断原发性输卵管系膜子宫内膜样癌患者的临床病理资料, 并结合文献总结其诊断与治疗方案, 以期为类似患者的诊治提供一定的经验借鉴。     

Successful pregnancy after limb-sparing hemipelvectomy for Ewing sarcoma: Case report and literature review

ObjectiveWe present a case of successful pregnancy in a patient who underwent limb-sparing hemipelvectomy combined with multi-agent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Ewing sarcoma.Case reportA 17-year-old girl was diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma of the left pelvis at the age of 17 and received limb-sparing hemipelvectomy combined with multi-agent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient received oral contraceptives as hormone replacement therapy after completion of treatment. A normal menstruation cycle restored after the withdrawal of oral contraceptives. The patient spontaneously conceived at the age of 25. The patient complained of difficulty walking due to pelvic distortion during pregnancy and delivered a healthy neonate at term by cesarean section.ConclusionSuccessful pregnancy and delivery can be achieved after limb-sparing hemipelvectomy combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Ewing sarcoma. Our report provides important information on perinatal management, given the low incidence of pregnancy following treatment of Ewing sarcoma in the pelvis.     

Extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy as a diagnostic procedure for lymph node recurrence of gynaecological cancers

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy for lymph node recurrence of gynecological cancers. METHODS: Seven patients underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomies for suspected lymph node recurrence, detected by magnetic resonance image or CT scan. The suspicious nodes were removed through an extraperitoneal laparoscopic approach. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 51 years (range: 39-67). The median operating time was 207 min (range 120-300). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The median nodal yield was 7.3 (range: 1-15). The median hospital stay was 2.5 days (range: 2-3). Histological examination revealed metastasis in 6 of the 7 patients. CONCLUSION: The extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic lymphadenectomy for lymph node recurrence of gynecological cancers is a safe and feasible procedure which should be considered in the case of possible recurrence.     

Primary uterine Ewing sarcoma – A case report

ObjectiveEwing sarcoma is a type of neuroectodermal tumors (Ewing family of tumors-EFT) that mostly affect the bone or soft tissue. Primary uterine Ewing sarcoma is extremely rare.Case reportWe report a case of a primary uterine Ewing sarcoma in a 46-year-old patient, treated with total abdominal hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and following adjuvant chemotherapy with 6 cycles of vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, achieving complete remission for one year.ConclusionComplete resection for EFT is the first choice of treatment, regardless of their origins. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy is mandatory if needed. Due to rarity of the disease, this report re-emphasizes the accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for these unusual tumor types occurred in female genital organs.     

宫颈原始神经外胚层肿瘤一例及文献复习

为探讨宫颈原始神经外胚层肿瘤[primitive neuroectodermal tumor,PNET;又称尤文氏肉瘤（Ewing sarcoma）]的组织起源、临床特征及诊治进展,提高对该种特殊类型宫颈恶性肿瘤的认识,回顾性分析2016年1月吉林大学第二医院收治的1例PNET患者,该患者体检发现宫颈肿物,无特殊临床表现,经手术病理及免疫组织化学（免疫组化）染色确诊,免疫组化显示人白细胞分化抗原99（cluster of differentiation 99,CD99）、波形蛋白（vimentin,VIM）阳性。提示该类肿瘤极为罕见,生长迅速、恶性程度高、侵袭性强、死亡率高、预后极差,目前尚无标准治疗方案,诊断主要依据病理、免疫组化及细胞遗传学。     

Metastatic ovarian carcinoma one year after surgical removal of colon carcinoma during pregnancy: a case report

Abstract.   Gurbuz A, Kir G, Karateke A, Haliloglu B, Kabaca C. Metastatic ovarian carcinoma one year after surgical removal of colon carcinoma during pregnancy: a case report. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16(Suppl. 1): 330–333.
Colorectal carcinoma during pregnancy is a very rare event. We presented a woman with metachronous metastatic ovarian tumor existing 1 year after surgical removal of perforated sigmoid colon carcinoma encountered during cesarean section of woman of 36-week gestation for fetal distress. Pregnant women with suspicious abdominal mass should be evaluated for a possible colorectal carcinoma even in the absence of any other gastrointestinal symptoms associated with it and undergo rectal examination and sigmoidoscopy. In addition, as synchronous and metachronous ovarian metastases are common in these patients, ovaries must be evaluated carefully by bisection during operation for possible metastasis, and in women who do not have a desire for fertility, prophylactic oophorectomy seems an appropriate treatment modality for resecting synchronous metastasis and preventing future metastasis.     

Mullerian adenosarcoma of uterine cervix: report of three cases and review of literature

BACKGROUND: Mullerian adenosarcoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor seen in young women of reproductive age group. It presents as cervical polyps and is a low-grade malignancy with a tendency for local recurrence. Diagnosis can be difficult since it can easily be mistaken for benign polyps, both clinically and pathologically. CASE: We present three cases of adenosarcoma of the cervix presenting as cervical polyps and review the clinical and pathological features of these tumors. CONCLUSION: Adenosarcoma of the cervix should be ruled out especially in women presenting with recurrent cervical polyps. A careful histological examination is mandatory, important prognostic factors being myometrial invasion and sarcomatous overgrowth. Distant metastasis is very rare and therapy can be tailored to suit patient's needs but long term follow-up is essential.     

子宫肉瘤治疗新进展

子宫肉瘤是一种少见的子宫恶性肿瘤,恶性程度高,易局部复发及远处转移,预后不佳。手术为主要的治疗方法,强调术后治疗的规范化及个体化。术后放射治疗并不能改善子宫平滑肌肉瘤患者的无瘤生存率和整体生存率,辅助性化疗因能提高子宫癌肉瘤患者的整体生存率而成为标准治疗方案。曲贝替定用于治疗晚期子宫平滑肌肉瘤有效且安全。靶向药物治疗子宫肉瘤仍处于研究探索阶段。     

Successfully treated case of epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva

Epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor. This tumor most commonly occurs on the labia majora in women of reproductive age. The molecular pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Only 20 cases of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma have been reported to date and more than half have had poor outcomes. We report a successfully treated case of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma in a 33-year-old woman. We performed a radical vulvectomy with flap reconstruction. Three years after surgery, the patient remains well, showing no evidence of recurrence. Early tissue diagnosis of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma is essential because this tumor can be clinically misdiagnosed as a benign lesion. Gynecologists should be aware of this rare tumor variant and carefully plan the treatment.     

Extraperitoneal inguinal endometriosis

The case report of the very rare, extraperitoneal endometriosis in the inguinal localisation in 40-year-old woman. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination of the removed endometriotic focus. The main patient's complain was the pain in the groin during menses often accompanied with the feeling of dumbness of the ipsilateral leg. During menses the palpable tumor enlarged and was painful. The surgical excision of the tumor with broad margins is the best method of treatment. In differential diagnosis one should consider entrapped inguinal hernia as well as displaced ovary.