既往盆腹腔手术史的非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术833例分析

目的探讨既往有盆腹腔手术史的非脱垂子宫患者经阴道切除子宫(TVH)的可行性。方法佛山市妇幼保健院1992年6月至2003年6月经阴道切除既往有盆腹腔手术史的非脱垂子宫833例(研究组),随机抽取同期子宫大小、分娩史等相似的无盆腹腔手术史800例TVH病人为对照组,从手术质量指标上进行对比分析。结果研究组中除3例中转开腹手术外,余830例均手术成功,21.4%(179/833)术中发现有不同程度的粘连,其中剖宫产术后粘连占36.8%(66/179),附件手术后粘连占10.1%(18/179),阑尾切除术后粘连占11.7%(21/179),子宫肌瘤剔除术后粘连占20.0%(35/179),输卵管结扎术后粘连占21.7%(39/179)。研究组0.60%(5/833)术中出现副损伤,对照组为0.37%(3/800)(P<0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量分别为(58±10.6)min和(39±13.2)min;(228±60)mL和(159±57)mL(P<0.01)。两组术后病率和术后住院天数差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论有盆腹腔手术史不是TVH的绝对禁忌证,但有两次盆腹腔手术史及术前检查提示严重粘连者,则以腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(LAVH)或开腹手术为宜。两组术后病率和术后住院天数无明显差异,病人术后恢复仍能体现阴式手术的优点。     

非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术的临床应用

目的对新式非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术开展临床研究。方法对良性病变的非脱垂子宫切除的患者,分为新式TVH与腹式两组进行临床观察。结果新式TVH组平均手术时间、肛门排气时间≤48小时、术后病率、术后疼痛、住院时间分别为70.32±17分钟、93.7%、15.6%、75%、5.2±1.19天,腹式组分别为102.67±17分钟、54.8%、64.5%、6.4%、8.2±1.00天,新式TVH组与腹式组比较差异有非常显著性(P均<0.01)。两组平均出血量分别为132.1±34.2ml、120±33.4ml,新式TVH组较腹式组稍多,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论新式TVH组子宫切除较腹式子宫切除手术时间短,腹腔干扰少,术后胃肠功能恢复早,疼痛轻,术后病率低,住院日短,腹壁不留切口疤痕,深受患者青睐。只要掌握好手术适应证,非脱垂子宫经阴道切除可充分展示出其诸多优越性。     

非脱垂大子宫经阴道子宫全切除术55例临床分析

目的探讨大子宫经阴道子宫全切除术(TVH)的临床效果.方法回顾性分析比较55例大子宫(子宫体积如孕12～16周)经阴道子宫切除术的临床资料,包括手术时间、术中出血量、术中、术后并发症、术后肛门排气时间、术后病率、下床活动时间和术后住院日.并和同期经腹子宫全切除术57例进行比较.结果55例大子宫经阴道子宫全切除术均成功完成,无中转开腹手术者,较腹式子宫全切除术组手术时间长,术后肛门排气时间早,下床活动时间早,术后住院日短,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),术中出血量,术中、术后并发症和术后病率,两组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论大子宫经阴道子宫切除虽然较经腹切除手术时间长,但对患者损伤小,术后恢复快,术后住院时间短.子宫体积增大超过12孕周并非TVH的绝对禁忌证.     

非脱垂子宫经阴道和经腹部切除术对比分析

目的　探讨非脱垂子宫经阴道切除术的优点、手术要点及适应证。方法　 2 0 0 1年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 12月间汕头大学医学院第一附属医院对非脱垂子宫行经阴道切除术 (TVH) 12 8例 ,与同期指征相近的经腹全子宫切除术 (TAH) 16 0例进行分析比较。结果　TVH组手术均成功 ,无术中、术后并发症 ,手术时间、肛门排气时间、术后下床活动时间及住院时间和伤口疼痛程度均小于TAH组 ,两组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,出血量差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　TVH损伤小 ,恢复快 ,是一种较好的手术方法     

644例非脱垂大子宫经阴道切除临床总结分析

目的 :探讨非脱垂大子宫经阴道切除的可行性与安全性。方法 :对 6 4 4例子宫超过 10周孕大小的患者施行经阴道子宫切除术。患者平均年龄 4 2 5岁 ,包括子宫肌瘤 4 74例 ,子宫腺肌病 170例。术前检查子宫 10～ 12周孕大小者 172例 ,>12～ 14周孕者 2 0 1例 ,>14～ 16周孕者 175例 ,超过 16周孕者 96例。结果 :6 4 4例中除 1例因术中发现肌瘤肉瘤样变而改开腹手术外 ,余 6 4 3例均成功行阴式子宫切除术 ,成功率达 99 8%。子宫平均重 370 7g(16 5～ 10 80g) ,平均手术时间 6 0 2分钟 (32～ 98分钟 ) ,术中平均出血量 15 0 4ml(5 0～ 30 5ml) ,术后肠道功能恢复时间平均 1 5天 (2～ 3天 ) ,留置尿管 2 4小时 ,阴道流液时间平均为 1 6天 ,体温恢复正常时间平均 3 6天 (1～ 5天 ) ,术后住院时间平均为 4 8天 (4～ 7天 )。结论 :适当的病例选择加上灵活的手术技巧 ,非脱垂大子宫经阴道切除是安全可行的。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜与传统腹腔镜在巨大子宫切除术的疗效比较

目的:比较达芬奇机器人子宫切除术(RH)与传统腹腔镜子宫切除术(TLH)在巨大子宫切除中的临床疗效，以探讨相关临床经验和机器人手术优势。方法:回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2014年11月至2021年11月完成的因良性疾病导致的巨大子宫并接受RH或TLH共813例患者的临床资料。其中RH组374例、TLH组439例。对两组患者的一般资料、围手术期相关指标、近远期并发症情况进行比较，及其在大子宫人群(子宫体积为孕12～16周)和超大子宫人群(子宫体积大于孕16周)中相关指标的比较。结果:(1)与TLH组相比，虽然RH组子宫体积较大、腹部手术史发生率较高、手术时间较长；但术中出血量减少、术中输血率降低、术后肛门排气时间缩短、术后住院时间缩短，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组均无术中转变手术方式的病例。近期术后并发症中，下肢静脉血栓形成发生率最高(3.20%,26/813),远期术后并发症中，淋巴潴留囊肿发生率最高(1.11%,9/813)。(2)在大子宫人群中，与TLH组相比，虽然RH组手术时间较长，但术中输血率降低、术后肛门排气时间缩短、术后住院时间缩短，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)在超大子宫人群，与TLH组相比，RH组术后住院时间缩短(P<0.05),余各项围手术期指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:机器人巨大子宫切除术是安全可行的，与传统腹腔镜相比，机器人辅助腹腔镜有术中出血量更少、术后肠道功能恢复更快等优势。此外，子宫体积的增大并未对手术并发症造成显著影响。     

既往有盆腹腔手术史者经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术84例分析

目的:探讨既往有盆腹腔手术史、要求保留生育功能的子宫肌瘤患者经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术(transvaginal myomectom,TVM)的可行性.方法:对既往有盆腹腔手术史、要求保留生育功能的子宫肌瘤患者84例行TVE.随机抽取同期子宫大小、分娩史等相似的无盆腹腔手术史168例为对照组.结果:研究组中除1例因子宫腺肌病中转行阴式子宫全切术外,其余83例均手术成功.两组手术时间(研究组58分钟,对照组61分钟)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术中出血量(研究组239ml,对照组274ml)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后住院天数(研究组4.8天,对照组6.2天)比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:有盆腹腔手术史不是TVM的绝对禁忌证.通过仔细术前检查,分析前次手术部位、手术类型和途径,同时具有熟练的阴道手术技巧,大部分有盆腹腔手术史者行TVN是可行的.     

改良式经阴道非脱垂子宫切除术92例临床效果观察

目的探讨经阴道非脱垂子宫切除术(TVH)的术式改进及临床效果.方法回顾性分析92例改良TVH术式患者的术中、术后情况,并与腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术(LAVH)患者比较.结果平均手术时间改良TVH组51±18分钟,LAVH组98±27分钟;术后肛门排气时间改良TVH组18±5小时,LAVH组23±6小时;术后疼痛改良TVH组14例(30.45%),LAVH组21例(55.26%);住院时间改良TVH组5±1天、LAVH组6±2天,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).术中出血量、术后病率改良TVH组与LAVH组比较,差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).结论在一定适应证下,改良式经阴道非脱垂子宫切除术较腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术具有手术时间短,术后疼痛轻,肠功能恢复快,体表不留瘢痕,住院时间短等优点,是值得推广的手术方式.     

非脱垂子宫阴式与腹腔镜辅助下阴式全切术临床应用研究

目的:探讨经阴道、经腹腔镜辅助的阴式非脱垂子宫切除手术在临床应用的效果。方法:对患子宫良性病变有手术指征的非脱垂子宫患者181例,66例行腹式子宫切除手术(TAH)组,60例行阴式子宫切除手术(TVH)组,55例行腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(LAVH)组,对比分析各组的临床治疗效果。结果:TVH组、LAVH组术后肛门排气时间、住院天数均比TAH组少;LAVH组手术时间较TVH组、TAH组明显延长,手术费用较后两组高;TAH组术中出血量较TVH组、LAVH组明显增加。结论:经阴道、经腹腔镜辅助的阴式非脱垂子宫切除手术具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,符合微创手术原则,值得推广。     

改良阴式子宫切除术230例临床分析

随着微创手术的开展与普及,非脱垂阴式子宫切除术(TVH)日益受到妇产科学界的重视,TVH与经腹子宫切除术(TAH)相比有着独特的优势.我院为230例有手术指征的子宫良性病变患者施行了改良TVH术,并与同期50例TAH术进行了比较,现报告如下.     

Medical debulking with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists to facilitate vaginal hysterectomy

Although the superiority of vaginal compared to abdominal hysterectomy is well established, most gynaecologists still prefer the abdominal route for removal of benign large uteri >14 weeks. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists such as goserelin can reduce uterine bulk by up to 60% and was initially used to convert a midline to Pfannenstiel incision in abdominal hysterectomy. The conversion of an abdominal to a potential vaginal hysterectomy by uterine size reduction would prove advantageous, and the authors present data from a case control study of 12 women with uteri >14 weeks who successfully underwent vaginal hysterectomy following preoperative treatment with goserelin. Women scheduled for hysterectomy for menorrhagia with non-prolapsing clinical uterine size of >14 weeks were offered an attempt at vaginal hysterectomy after pre-treatment with goserelin. A group of women with comparable uterine size who underwent abdominal hysterectomy for similar indication served as control. Pre- and postoperative data such as haemoglobin, myoma size, uterine weight, duration of procedure and complications were collected prospectively. Both groups had comparable preoperative haemoglobin, subjective preoperative uterine bulk (median 16 weeks) and body mass index. The vaginal hysterectomy group received a median of two goserelin injections prior to surgery, and the uterine weight at histology was similar in both groups (median 580 vs 609 g, p < 0.05). The duration of surgery was twice as long in vaginal compared to abdominal hysterectomy (153.7 vs 85 min, p < 0.05), but analgesia use and the length of inpatient stay were lower in the study group (2.62 vs 3.5 days, p < 0.05). In women with >14 week-size uteri, treatment with gonadotrophin agonists reduces uterine size sufficiently to allow safe vaginal hysterectomy. Although duration of surgery was longer, women who underwent vaginal hysterectomy required less analgesia and had shorter inpatient stay.     

Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with in situ morcellation for large uteri

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether laparoscopic in situ morcellation (LISM) can facilitate laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for large uteri. DESIGN: Prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: In all, 147 women with myoma or adenomyosis weighing more than 500 g from January 2004 through December 2007 were enrolled. The patients were divided into 4 subgroups: patients with uteri weighing 500 to 749 g who had traditional LAVH without LISM (group 1A, n = 69) or with LISM (group 1B, n = 16); and patients with uteri weighing 750 g or more who were treated by traditional LAVH without LISM (group 2A, n = 38) or with LISM (group 2B, n = 24). INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with or without LISM. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: No significant differences existed in age, body mass index, preoperative diagnoses, complications, or duration of hospital stay among groups. The mean uterine weights were 608 +/- 75, 597 +/- 66, 989 +/- 179, and 935 +/- 226 g for groups 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B, respectively. The operative time (120 +/- 16 vs 157 +/- 36 minutes, p <.001; 140 +/- 19 vs 224 +/- 57 minutes, p <.001) were significantly shorter in patients with LISM than without in both groups 1 and 2. The estimated blood loss was highest in group 2A. Six (16%) patients lost more than 500 mL of blood and 3 (8%) of them needed blood transfusions. Conversion to laparotomy occurred in 1 (2.6%) of 38 patients in group 2A. No repeated surgery or surgical mortality occurred. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy with LISM was an efficient and safe procedure for removal of large uteri during LAVH.     

Morbidity of vaginal hysterectomy for benign tumors as a function of uterine weight

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between uterine weight and morbidity in women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of vaginal hysterectomy was carried out in women with benign uterine tumors. The only exclusion criteria were a suspected adnexal mass, a very narrow vagina and an immobile uterus. The women were stratified into 3 groups according to uterine weight. The groups were compared as regards indications, operative time, complication rates, analgesia requirements and postoperative recovery. RESULTS: A total of 214 women underwent vaginal hysterectomy: group 1, n = 114, uteri < 180 g; group 2, n = 73, uteri 180-500 g; group 3, n = 27, uteri > 500 g (maximum 1,350 g). The groups differed with respect to mean age (P = .003) and menopausal status (P = .002) but not gravidity, parity, previous pelvic surgery or preoperative hemoglobin levels. Concerning the indications for hysterectomy, only the incidence of pelvic compression differed between the groups (P = .04). There was no difference in the frequency of concomitant surgical procedures (e.g., adnexectomy) between the groups. Morcellation rate was 30% in group 1, 73% in group 2 and 100% in group 3. The overall complication rate was not significantly different between the groups: 20.1%, 15.0% and 22.2%, respectively. The only major complication was an injury to the in-fundibulopelvic ligament in a group 1 patient. Operative time increased significantly with uterine weight (82 +/- 35.4, 91.8 +/- 35.4 and 94.8 +/- 36.5 minutes, respectively; P = .01). There were no significant differences between the groups as regards perioperative hemoglobin loss, analgesia requirements, time to flatus and stool return or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Vaginal hysterectomy can be performed successfully even in the case of greatly enlarged uteri; nulliparity and a history of pelvic surgery are not absolute contraindications.     

Vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterus

Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of performing vaginal hysterectomy on enlarged uteri the equivalent of 14 to 20 weeks of gestation in size.
Design A prospective observational study.
Setting The Royal Free Hospital, London.
Participants Fourteen consecutive women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy for uterine fibroids up to 20 weeks in size.
Interventions Vaginal hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or oophorectomy.
Main outcome measures Uterine size and weight, techniques used to reduce uterine size, surgical outcome, operative time, estimated operative blood loss, intra-and post-operative complications, duration of hospitalisation.
Results The mean uterine size was 16.3 weeks (range 14 to 20 weeks). All hysterectomies were completed successfully by the vaginal route. The uteri weighed 380 to 1100 g, with a mean of 638.7 g. Bisection combined with myomectomy and morcellation were used in most cases to obtain reduction in uterine size, whereas coring was only utilised in two cases. The mean operating time was 84.3 min with a range of 30 to 150 min. The only complications were transient haematuria (   n = 6  ) and superficial vaginal grazes (   n = 5  ). One of the women required a blood transfusion. The mean post-operative hospital stay was 3.7 days (range 2 to 9 days).
Conclusion Enlargement of the uterus to a size equivalent to 20 weeks of gestation should no longer be considered a contraindication to vaginal hysterectomy. Many more hysterectomies should be carried out vaginally without resorting to abdominal or laparoscopic surgery.     

Ovarian endometriomas: Effect of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian response in IVF-ET cycles

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the follicular response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in IVF-ET cycles after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for large endometriomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the set of a retrospective controlled study, the medical records of 113 infertile women who underwent IVF-ET cycles after laparoscopic surgery were reviewed. The study group (A) consisted of 63 patients with severe pelvic endometriosis and endometrioma excision. The control group (B) consisted of 50 infertile patients with mild or minimal endometriosis. Interventions were laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy in the study group, and COH in both groups. RESULTS: Groups A and B were not different in terms of epidemiologic data. The total numbers of recruited follicles (9.1+/-3.3 vs 10.6+/-4.2; P = 0.001), mature follicles (> or =16 mm) (4.2+/-1.7 vs 4.8+/-2.2; P = 0.04), mature oocytes retrieved (5.8+/-3.8 vs 7.4+/-4.6; P = 0.02), and fertilization rate (48.9+/-34.9 vs 61.8+/-32.1%; P = 0.02) observed in group A were lower than those observed in group B, respectively. While the mean number of rFSH ampoules (75 IU) was increased in group A (38.1+/-20.4) compared to group B (29.3+/-16.4; P = 0.004), cumulative pregnancy rates were similar in both groups (27.5+/-8.8% vs 37.2+/-10.6%; P = 0.37). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian response was reduced during IVF-ET cycles in patients with history of severe endometriosis and laparoscopic excision of endometriomas compared to women with mild or minimal endometriosis without ovarian surgery.     

Hysterektomie – vaginal, abdominal oder laparoskopisch assistiert?

Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynaecologic operations. Different methods of hysterectomy exist, including abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopy-assisted vaginal (LAVH), and total or supracervical laparoscopic operation. The most common way to perform a hysterectomy is still the abdominal approach, but many studies have proven that vaginal hysterectomy is a less invasive method with the fastest convalescence. Conditions frequently given as contraindications for vaginal hysterectomy have been disproven as such, and it has been shown that even large uteri can be removed vaginally. LAVH is recommended for patients with previous pelvic surgery or additional abdominal problems or for patients with indications for adnectomy. Abdominal hysterectomy usually has no advantages and should be performed for special indications only.     

Sonographic findings in women with complications after hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of abdominal ultrasound in the management of complications after emergency or elective hysterectomy. METHODOLOGY: The study compared 102 women who had complications after emergency peripartum hysterectomy (study group) with 102 women who had complications after elective hysterectomy for fibroids (control group). RESULTS: The study group had a lower mean age (31.1+/-2.1 vs 40.1+/-3.4 years) but higher parity (3.0+/-1.3 vs 2.0+/-1.2) compared with the control group. The primary complication in the study group was abdominal mass or distension (55.9%) compared with chronic abdominal pain (49.0%) in the control group. The leading sonographic abnormality in the study group was pelvic abscess (9.8%) while hydrosalpinx (6.9%) was more common in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the findings between the groups. Management of complications included ovarian cystectomy and drainage of pelvic abscesses. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound facilitates accurate diagnosis of complications after hysterectomy and enhances management.     

Comparative study of vaginal,laparoscopically assisted vaginal and abdominal hysterectomies for uterine myoma larger than 6 cm in diameter or uterus weighing at least 450 g: a prospective randomized study

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare peri-operative morbidity, preoperative sonographic estimation of uterine weight and postoperative outcomes of women with uterine fibroids larger than 6 cm in diameter or uteri estimated to weigh at least 450 g, undergoing either vaginal, laparoscopically assisted vaginal or abdominal hysterectomies. METHOD: Ninety patients who met the criteria of uterine fibroids larger than 6 cm by ultrasonographic examination were included in our prospective study. Patients were randomized into laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (30 patients), vaginal hysterectomy (30 patients) and abdominal hysterectomy (30 patients) groups. RESULTS: The laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy group had significantly longer operative times than the abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy groups (109 +/- 22 min, 98 +/- 16 min, and 74 +/- 22 min, respectively, p < 0.001). Blood loss for vaginal hysterectomy was significantly lower than for either abdominal or laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomies (215 +/- 134 ml, 293 +/- 182 ml, and 343 +/- 218 ml, respectively, p = 0.04). Vaginal hysterectomy and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy groups had shorter hospital stays, lower postoperative pain scores, more rapid bowel recovery and lower postoperative antibiotic use than the abdominal hysterectomy group. Uterine weight in the abdominal hysterectomy group was significantly heavier than in the vaginal and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy groups (1020 +/- 383 g, 835 +/- 330 g, and 748 +/- 255 g, respectively, p = 0.02). We estimated that when a myoma measured between 8 and 10 cm, the uterus weighed approximately 450 g, and the sensitivity of this prediction was 57.5%. For a myoma larger than 13 cm, the estimated uterine weight was more than 900 g and the sensitivity of this prediction was 71%. CONCLUSION: The study shows vaginal hysterectomy and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy can be performed in women with uterine weight of at least 450 g. Preoperative ultrasonographic examination can provide the surgeon with valuable information on the size of the fibroid and the estimated weight of the enlarged uterus before implementing a suitable surgical method.     

Randomized,prospective, double-blind comparison of abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy in women without uterovaginal prolapse

BACKGROUND: To determine under controlled conditions whether there are significant differences in the duration of hospitalization and recovery between abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy for indications other than uterovaginal prolapse. METHOD: In a two-center prospective, double-blind randomized trial, 36 women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, uterine fibroids or pelvic pain scheduled for hysterectomy were randomized to abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. The primary outcome measure was the duration of hospital stay. Secondary outcome measures included analgesic requirements and return to normal health and function. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in peri-operative patient or surgical characteristics. Vaginal hysterectomy was associated with a reduction in hospital stay compared to abdominal hysterectomy (median stay 3 days vs. 5 days, p = 0.01). In addition, patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy had reduced analgesic requirements (mean 75.4 mg vs. 131.4 mg morphine equivalent, p = 0.002), shorter need for intravenous hydration (mean 25.3 h vs. 32.7 h, p = 0.05), and faster return of bowel action (median 3 days vs. 4 days, p = 0.002). They also returned to normal domestic activities (mean 4.6 weeks vs. 8.5 weeks, p = 0.01) and work (mean 7.0 weeks vs. 13.9 weeks, p = 0.005), and completed their recovery (mean 7.9 weeks vs. 16.9 weeks, p = 0.008) more quickly. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal hysterectomy was associated with significant benefits in terms of reduced hospital stay and improved patient recovery. Vaginal hysterectomy should be the route of choice not only for women with genital tract prolapse but also those without.     

Laparovaginal Hysterectomy

Summary: The technique and complications of 141 patients having laparovaginal hysterectomy in private practice are reported.
Abdominal hysterectomy was avoided in the 110 patients having preliminary laparoscopic surgery for pelvic disease, ovarian removal, or a uterus larger than 12cm. Postoperative morbidity included pulmonary embolus (3), vesicovaginal fistula (2) and pelvic haematoma (4). The frequency of complications was less than that reported after abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy.
The surgical technique changed during the series; the operative care of the bladder and ureter requires particular attention. A larger number of patients in a variety of centres require study before the laparoscopic procedure can be determined to be as safe as abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. The laparoscopic procedure has the potential to replace the majority of abdominal hysterectomies.