成都纺织高等专科学校学生急救能力调查

目的 了解高职高专学生急救知识和技能获取的主要来源和对急救知识和技能知晓水平,为普及和提高学生急救能力的有效途径和措施的对策进行探索提供依据.方法 采用自编问卷,对成都纺织高等专科学校1 907名学生急救知识和技能进行调查.结果 学生急救知识知晓率为53.47％,其中男生54.75％,女生52.19％,但差异无统计学意义(x2=1.14,P＞0.05)；2009级学生(已学健康教育课)知晓率为56.28％,高于2010级学生(未学健康教育课)(50.66％),差异有统计学意义(x2=6.04,P＜0.05).获取急救知识和技能主要来源:广播电视占62.17％,医学科普书刊占35.63％,报纸占42.33％,电脑网络占45.87％,听别人讲述占65.80％.结论 高职高专学生急救知识贫乏、急救技能低下,获取知识渠道和途径狭窄.应采取多种途径普及和提高大学生急救水平,提高应急处理能力.     

某部抗洪官兵血吸虫病认知调查

目的了解某部抗洪官兵血吸虫病认知现状,为制定部队血吸虫病防治措施提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法对某部480名官兵进行问卷调查,调查内容包括官兵社会人口学信息、血吸虫病防治知识等,根据答题结果判定官兵防治知识为及格和不及格。结果调查对象的总体及格率为57.29%。家庭所在地为城市的官兵及格率为67.59%,高于农村的54.30%,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);入伍地为湖区的官兵及格率为66. 41%,高于非湖区的53.98%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);参加过抗洪抢险的官兵及格率为63.95%,高于未参加的32.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同文化程度的官兵及格率存在差异(P0.05),随文化程度的提升而呈逐渐升高的趋势。结论抗洪部队官兵血吸虫病防治知识整体水平有待提高,加强血吸虫病健康教育是部队血吸虫病防治工作的关键之一。     

某部队基层官兵AIDS知识态度行为调查

[目的]了解部队基层官兵AIDS知识态度高危行为的现况并分析其影响因素. [方法]对某部基层479名官兵进行了AIDS知识、态度和高危行为的现况调查. [结果](1)AIDS相关知识的正确回答牢最高为95.20%,最低为29.65%;态度期望回答率最高为86.01%%,最低为27.77%;高危行为期望回答率最高为92.900%,最低为53.45%.对AIDS预防措施的认知水平回答正确率最高为83.73%,最低为45.30%.(2)对AIDS知识态度行为得分进行多因素Logistic回归分析发现,总分与年龄、学历因素有关联(t=2.37,t=2.18,P值均＜0.05),与家庭驻地、兵龄无明显关联(t=0.89,t=0.96,P值均＞0.05).24岁～年龄组官兵其知识、态度、行为分值及总分明显高于～20岁及以下年龄组(P＜0.05).大专以上学历者其态度、行为分值及总分明显高于中专及以下学历者(P＜0.05). (3)相关分析发现.行为与知识、行为与态度、态度与知识均呈正相关(P值均＜0.01). [结论]部队基层官兵时AIDS知识的掌握尚不够理想,其态度和行为不太乐观,应加强部队基层官兵AIDS相关知识的教育、端正其态度、引导其行为,以促进广大官兵身体健康,为保障部队战斗力服务.     

南京市高职高专学生院前急救认知与需求状况

了解高职高专学生院前急救知识认知与需求情况,为普及现场急救知识提供依据.方法 采用随机分层抽样方法,对南京市4所高职院校594名学生进行问卷调查.结果 594名高职学生急救知识总平均分(11.04±3.02),不同专业间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).40.7%的调查对象表示曾经就读的学校开设过急救相关课程,33.3%的学生表示会在平时自学有关急救的书籍,98.0%的学生认为有必要学习院前急救的相关知识.结论 高职高专学生对院前急救存在高需求、低掌握的状况,且不同专业学生掌握情况不尽相同.应根据高职学生的需求确立有效培训途径.     

海淀区中学生急救培训效果评估

[目的]提高中学生急救知识、急救意识和技能,并探索在中学生中开展急救培训的模式.[方法]对海淀区3所学校114名中学生进行参与式急救培训,通过培训前后问卷调查及现场访谈等评价培训效果.[结果]培训后有12道题知晓率的上升有统计学意义(P＜0.01),培训后学生知识平均分(77.57分)高于培训前(55.35分),t=11.186,P＜0.01.79.7%学生认为本次急救培训"非常有必要".70%以上学生对老师讲课、解答问题、实习指导等表示"很满意".校医认为很有必要开展急救培训,急救中心老师认为总体教学效果良好,只是"授课内容相对过多".[结论]培训后中学生急救知识提高,急救意识增强,学生对老师讲课、实习指导等满意度较高.校医十分支持急救培训.急救中心老师认为教学效果良好,建议精简授课内容.     

老干部身边公勤人员的院前急救知识和技能现状及对策研究

目的 通过调查老干部身边公勤人员的院前急救知识和技能现状,探讨培训对策.方法 集中老干部身边公勤人员175例,采用自制调查量表,通过小组问卷法于培训前后收集资料.调查内容包括一般情况、院前急救知识和技能相关情况等.采用短期集中式培训,选用《现场急救常用技术》普及培训教材(第2版)及自编的《冠心病及脑卒中的院前急救》为培训教材,三级甲等医院高年资医师作为师资,培训形式采用面授讲座、练习、情景教学、观看录像、考试.结果 培训后公勤人员的院前急救知识和技能的25个问题正确率均有不同程度的提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对培训满意者152例,占86.9％.结论 老干部身边公勤人员的院前急救知识和技能水平较低,亟需进行适当地培训.     

分层次开展急救培训提高部队官兵急救能力的探索

目的探索依托军队中心医院为部队官兵开展分层次急救知识培训,提高其急救能力。方法选择基层部队的19名军医、34名卫生士官和2 300名普通官兵,针对三种对象采取不同的急救知识培训方式,于培训前后进行急救理论与技能的考核。结果培训前后所有参训学员的理论与技能考核成绩有显著差异。结论对基层部队官兵分层次针对性地进行急救知识培训,可有效提高培训效率,使不同层次的官兵掌握相应的急救技能,提高部队的整体急救水平。     

遵义市初中生创伤现场救护知识技能现况

了解初中生的创伤现场救护知识技能掌握程度、培训需求和培训方式期望,为制定培训方案及开展培训提供依据.方法 采用自行设计问卷,对整群随机抽样的遵义市500名在校七年级学生进行调查,并对调查结果进行统计学分析.结果 初中生急救电话、加压包扎止血方法、骨折固定方法、脊柱损伤搬运方法、现场包扎替代物品和现场固定替代物品的知晓率分别为97.2%,25.5%,23.2%,22.4%,16.2%和14.7%,81.8%没有接受过创伤现场救护培训,62.8%认为有必要掌握基本的知识技能,70.9%愿意接受培训,51.1%选择教育游戏与技能模拟操作相结合的培训方式,45.7%选择医院医生护士作为培训教师,接受过培训学生与未接受过培训学生在4项技能自评和认为有必要掌握知识技能的选择上,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 初中生创伤现场救护能力亟待提高,且有参与培训的需求及意愿.应根据初中生的生理和心理特点制定培训方案,加强培训工作.     

某部驻岛官兵睡眠质量及相关因素分析

目的 了解驻岛官兵的睡眠质量状况,为保持其良好的身心状态提供依据.方法 采用自制的官兵心理卫生调查问卷及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表对某部355名驻岛官兵进行调查测试.结果 驻岛官兵睡眠质量异常检出率为26.20％,高于正常男性群体(P＜0.01);驻岛官兵的主观睡眠质量、入睡潜伏时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠干扰因素、白天功能障碍分值及PSQI总分均高于正常男性群体(P＜0.01);非独生子女、认为与战友关系差、部队管理严、不习惯部队生活、有影响自我睡眠因素为睡眠质量异常的显著危险因子.结论 驻岛官兵的睡眠质量状况不容乐观,应当给予进一步关注.     

驻浙某部育龄人口优生知识调查

目的 了解驻浙部队育龄官兵及其家属优生知识知晓情况、获取途径及态度取向,以及获取优生优育知识的需求渠道,为开展优生优育教育提供参考.方法 对驻浙某部19 ～ 35岁育龄人口进行问卷调查.结果 调查586人,有效答卷575份.不同文化程度、不同身份、不同性别人员对婚前、婚后优生知识的掌握程度和优生态度有明显差别,文化程度高者、干部和家属、女性对婚前、婚后优生知识的知晓率分别高于文化程度低者、战士、男性.结论 驻浙部队育龄人口优生优育知识知晓率与文化程度和身份有关,要提高出生人口素质,有必要通过多种渠道广泛地开展优生知识健康教育宣传.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.