宁阳县慢性非传染性疾病及相关危险因素调查分析

目的:了解成人慢病及吸烟、饮酒等危险因素的分布情况,分析相关危险因素对高血压、糖尿病等慢病的影响,为制定和评价卫生政策、干预措施提供基础数据.方法:采用整群系统抽样的方法,抽取13个乡镇街道18岁及以上常住居民居民健康档案;结果:宁阳县18岁及以上人群中高血压患病率为高血压患病率为18.26％,其中男性为22.09％,女性为15.17％.糖尿病患病率为4.96％,超重和肥胖率分别为32.56％、17.87％,血脂异常率高达50.91％;男性吸烟、饮酒率分别为56.10％和42.28％.结论:糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和肥胖严重危害着我县居民健康,吸烟、饮酒等慢病危险因素水平居高不下,控制慢病危害已成为公共卫生面临的巨大挑战.     

2012年东至县慢性病现况及影响因素调查分析

目的:了解东至县成人慢病及吸烟、饮酒等危险因素的分布情况,分析相关危险因素对高血压、糖尿病等慢病的影响.方法:采用等比例多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对15个乡镇24个调查点的18岁及以上常住居民913人进行现况调查.结果:东至县18岁及以上人群中高血压患病率为18.84％,糖尿病患病率为5.53％,超重和肥胖率分别为31.11％、3.72％;男性吸烟、饮酒率分别为51.84％和46.93％.结论:吸烟、饮酒等慢病危险因素水平居高不下,慢病危害已成为东至县一个重大的公共卫生问题.     

襄阳市襄州区居民慢性病及相关危险因素监测分析

目的了解襄阳市襄州区居民高血压、糖尿病及吸烟、饮酒等危险因素的流行情况,为制定相应的防控措施提供科学依据。方法调查采用整群随机抽样的方法,对襄州区18岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查和身体测量。结果襄州区18岁及以上人群中高血压、糖尿病患病率分别为23.80%、8.84%,超重和肥胖率分别为29.65%和7.85%,吸烟率和饮酒率分别为19.31%和23.13%。结论糖尿病、超重和肥胖严重危害着该区居民健康,饮酒、吸烟等慢病危险因素也处于较高流行水平,应采取相应防控措施干预慢性病及其危险因素的发生和发展。     

2008年北京市顺义区成人慢病及相关危险因素监测

目的了解北京市顺义区成人慢病及吸烟、饮酒等危险因素的分布情况,分析相关危险因素对高血压、糖尿病等慢病的影响。方法采用等比例多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,调查了3个乡镇11个调查点的18岁及以上常住居民827人。结果顺义区18岁及以上人群中高血压患病率为36．52％（标化率为35．06％）,糖尿病患病率为9．92％（标化率为9．43％）,超重和肥胖率分别为43．41％、23．82％,血脂异常率高达50．91％（标化率为43．18％）;男性吸烟、饮酒率分别为56．10%和42．28％。结论糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和肥胖严重危害着该区居民健康,吸烟、饮酒等慢病危险因素水平居高不下,控制慢病危害已成为公共卫生面临的巨大挑战。     

定安县慢性病现状及危险因素分析

目的掌握定安县慢性非传染性疾病流行现状、变化趋势和主要危险因素,为科学制定和评价慢病预防控制策略和措施提供参考依据。方法按照多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取4个乡镇,12个村委会,600名18岁及以上常住居民进行慢病危险因素问卷,并进行身体测量和生化指标等信息的收集。结果定安县慢性病患病率依次为高血压21.17%、高胆固醇血症12.00%、糖尿病7.50%、慢性阻塞性肺病2.17%、哮喘病0.83%、心血管疾病0.50%、脑卒中和恶性肿瘤均为0.33%。吸烟、饮酒、缺乏休闲性锻炼和高血脂是定安县居民慢性病发生的主要危险因素。结论定安县18岁以上居民高胆固醇血症患病率要远比国家监测的水平高,饮酒、吸烟及其被动吸烟情况相对比较严重,且休闲性身体锻炼较少,存在不少不良生活习惯;因此,加强居民慢病筛查和干预工作,进一步加强慢病综合示范区创建工作非常必要。     

2014年湘潭县成人慢病及相关危险因素监测结果分析

目的：了解湘潭县成人慢病情况及相关危险因素。方法以多阶段分层整群抽样方式从湘潭县随机抽取600人作为研究对象,并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果湘潭县2014年18岁及以上人群中高血压患病率为39.00%,糖尿病患病率为13.33%,超重率为37.37%,肥胖率为16.58%,中心性肥胖率为36.89%,吸烟率为36.33%,饮酒率为26.00%;且年龄大于60岁的人群其高血压率及糖尿病率均明显高于其他年龄段的人群。结论糖尿病、高血压等慢病对居民的身体健康造成着严重的威胁,而吸烟、饮酒、中心肥胖及年龄则是影响慢病的几种常见因素。     

北京市宣武区2005年成人慢病监测报告

目的掌握辖区内人群主要慢病及相关危险因素的流行情况,为制定进一步的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用等比例多阶段整群随机抽样方法,对653名18岁以上在北京居住累计超过6个月的居民的主要慢病及相关危险因素进行调查与统计分析。结果高血压标化患病率为27.0%、糖尿病的标化患病率为8.4%、一类血脂异常标化患病率为28.7%、二类血脂异常标化患病率为27.2%,且各种慢性病的患病率随着年龄的增加而增高,但性别差异无统计学意义;高血压、糖尿病等慢性病的服药率和控制率依旧不高;而与慢病有关的危险因素如吸烟率、饮酒率、缺乏体育锻炼率等仍居高不下。结论宣武区成人高血压、糖尿病、代谢综合征等慢病的患病率较高,慢病防治工作任重而道远。     

宁夏城市居民高血压患病及影响因素分析

目的了解宁夏回族自治区城市居民高血压患病情况及其影响因素,为高血压社区干预治疗提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法对在宁夏回族自治区5个城市社区抽取的6 071名≥18岁居民进行问卷调查。结果宁夏回族自治区城市居民的高血压患病率和标化患病率分别为25.47%和16%;多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄≥30岁、汉族、体质指数≥24、有糖尿病、高血压家族史、吸烟和饮酒是居民高血压患病的危险因素;文化程度初中及以上是居民高血压患病的保护因素。结论宁夏回族自治区城市居民高血压患病率较高,年龄、民族、文化程度、体质指数、糖尿病史、高血压家族史、吸烟和饮酒是宁夏回族自治区城市居民高血压患病的影响因素。     

2005年北京市顺义区高血压患病率及相关危险因素分析

目的了解成人高血压患病率及相关危险因素在顺义区的现况,分析相关危险因素对高血压的影响。方法采用等比例多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,3个乡镇、9个调查点被抽中,共计调查18岁及以上常住居民738人。结果调查显示该区18岁及以上人群中高血压患病率为39.84%,年龄、吸烟、过量饮酒、超重和肥胖等因素均对血压患病率有显著影响;高血糖和血脂异常人群的高血压患病率明显高于正常人群。结论该区居民的高血压患病率较高,吸烟、超重、肥胖、高血糖和血脂异常等危险因素与高血压关系密切,亟需采取多种措施加以控制,以此减少高血压对居民健康的危害。     

丹东市城区居民慢性病患病现状及危险因素分析

目的了解慢性病的患病情况、易感人群和主要危险因素.方法采用随机分层抽样对20岁以上常住人口进行居民健康状况及行为危险因素的调查.结果高血压、高血脂、冠心病的患病率分别为15.51%,31.53%,8.22%;吸烟、饮酒、咸食、超重与肥胖、失眠的比例分别为25.65%,19.60%,17.77%,29.26%,19.73%.多因素Logistic分析显示:超重、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、咸食等是高血压、高血脂、冠心病、脑卒中和糖尿病的主要危险因素,并且随着饮酒年限和吸烟年限的增多,其患慢性病的危险性也呈显著的上升.超重肥胖伴有高血压、高血脂者的冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病的患病率均比同龄健康者成倍增高.结论高血压、高血脂、冠心病等是丹东市居民的主要慢性病.加强健康教育、开展控烟与防治高血压是主要的干预措施.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.