基于2018中国家庭追踪调查数据分析65岁及以上居民自评健康状况影响因素

目的本研究基于2018中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据分析≥65岁老年人口自评健康状况及影响因素,为提高我国老年人口生存质量提供参考依据。方法使用CFPS数据对我国≥65岁老年人自评健康情况进行分析,自评健康状况分为非常健康、很健康、比较健康、一般和不健康,利用多分类Logistic回归分析老年人自评健康状况影响因素。结果本研究最终纳入5 174名≥65岁老年人,认为自身较为健康的占51.74%,认为不健康的占31.29%。单因素分析结果显示,性别(χ~2=78.023,P<0.001)、学历(χ~2=154.423,P<0.001)、工作状态(χ~2=118.280,P<0.001)、患有慢性病(χ~2=417.055,P<0.001)和过去两周身体是否不适(χ~2=747.681,P<0.001)与自评健康状况有关联。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,学历(OR=0.935,95%CI为0.888～0.983,P=0.009)、年龄(OR=0.932,95%CI为0.884～0.981,P=0.007)、工作状态(OR=1.758,95%CI为1.572～1.965,P<0.001)、身体状态(OR=0.286,95%CI为0.257～0.320,P<0.001)、患有慢性病(OR=0.453,95%CI为0.404～0.508,P<0.001)、饮酒(OR=1.456,95%CI为1.267～1.674,P<0.001)和体育锻炼(OR=1.564,95%CI为1.407～1.738,P<0.001)是老年人自评健康状况的影响因素。结论我国老年人口自评健康倾向较为积极,学历、年龄、工作状态、身体状态、患有慢性病、饮酒和锻炼身体是≥65岁老年人自评健康状况影响因素。     

广州市荔湾区≥65岁居民慢性病现状调查及其相关影响因素分析

目的调查了解老年人群慢性病患者的患病现状,探讨老年慢性病的主要影响因素以及识别相关因素,从而为引导居民追求健康的饮食习惯、科学的生活方式提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法抽取荔湾区22个街道的≥65岁常住居民进行《健康状况》问卷调查,采用描述性分析方法对调查对象自报慢性病患病情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对老年人群慢性病患病影响因素进行分析。结果共有效调查广州市荔湾区≥65岁居民3473人,共有1367例≥65岁居民自报患者有1种及以上慢性病,患病率为39.36%。排名前3位的依次是高血压(1139例,32.8%)、糖尿病(475例,13.7%)以及冠心病(330例,9.5%),其次为脑卒中187例(占5.4%)、血脂异常111例(占3.25%)。多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示性别(OR=3.438)、年龄(OR=2.601)、BMI(OR=2.596、2.776)、吸烟(OR=2.959)、饮酒(OR=2.768)、饮食不规律(OR=1.289)以及家族慢性病遗传病史(OR=7.493)是影响慢性病发生的因素。结论广州市荔湾区≥65岁居民慢性病的发病率较高,有众多影响慢性病的相关因素,应提高社区居民的慢性病防控意识,养成健康的生活方式,降低慢性疾病的发病率。     

郑州市≥65岁老年人健康预期寿命及影响因素

目的了解河南省郑州市≥65岁老年人健康预期寿命及其影响因素,为老年人口卫生服务提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计调查表和日常生活能力(activity of daily life,ADL)量表对在河南省郑州市7个社区和11所养老院整群抽取的2 622名≥65岁老年人进行问卷调查。结果郑州市2009年65岁～、70岁～、75岁～、80岁～、85岁～和≥90岁老年人预期寿命分别为19.38,15.81,12.47,9.50,7.38和6.40岁,男性各年龄组的预期寿命均低于女性;健康预期寿命分别为11.31,7.71,4.71,2.51,1.31和0.73岁,男性65岁～、85岁～和≥90岁年龄组健康预期寿命均低于女性,70岁～、75岁～和80岁～年龄组健康预期寿命均高于女性;健康预期寿命与预期寿命比值分别为0.584,0.488,0.378,0.264,0.178和0.114,健康预期寿命与预期寿命比值除≥90岁年龄组为女性高于男性外,其他各年龄组均为男性高于女性;多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、听视力障碍、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病和老年痴呆症是郑州市≥65岁老年人健康预期寿命的危险因素;受教育程度...     

上海某社区65岁以上老年人体检结果分析

<正>上海已率先步入老龄化社会。分析社区老年居民存在的健康问题,开展有针对性地老年保健工作,对提高社区老年人健康素养、改善老年人生活质量具有积极意义[1]。为了解辖区内老年常住居民的健康状况,联洋社区卫生服务中心为≥65岁老年常住居民每年进行1次免费健康体检。现将2013年健康体检结果分析如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料根据居民知情、自愿的原则,我们对辖区内2013年满65周岁的1 265名常住居民进行体检。其中男     

2015-2018年扬州市居民死因及潜在寿命损失

目的了解扬州市居民死亡水平及潜在寿命损失情况,为疾病防控提供依据。方法采用SPSS 17.0和Excel2007软件,分析2015-2018年扬州市户籍居民死因数据,计算构成比、粗死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在寿命损失年(PYLL)和平均减寿年数(AYLL)等指标。结果 2015-2018年扬州市户籍居民共死亡141 531人,≥65岁老年人群死亡人数占81.28%,年均粗死亡率和标化死亡率分别为766.48/10万、442.81/10万。男性粗死亡率为847.29/10万,女性为686.92/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 560.76,P<0.001)。前5位死因全人群和女性为循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、伤害、内分泌营养和代谢疾病,占全人群死亡总数的91.75%,肿瘤为男性首位死因。0～14岁、15～44岁、45～64岁和≥65岁人群首位死因分别为伤害、肿瘤、肿瘤、循环系统疾病。PYLL顺位前5位分别为肿瘤、循环系统疾病、伤害、呼吸系统疾病、内分泌营养和代谢疾病。结论应根据不同年龄组人群死因特点,开展有针对性干预工作,特别是慢性病与伤害的综合防控。     

武汉市城乡≥65岁老年人群超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖流行情况

目的了解武汉市城乡65岁及以上老年人超重、肥胖及中心性肥胖的流行情况,为促进老年人身体健康提供依据。方法收集参加武汉市2012年免费健康体检的365 070名≥65岁老年人的体检资料,通过身高、体重和腰围的测量,对其超重、肥胖及中心性肥胖现状进行描述性分析。用SAS 9.13软件进行统计学分析,两组计量资料的比较用t检验,计数资料的比较用χ2检验,率的趋势比较采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验,用2010年全国第6次人口普查数据对率进行标化。结果本调查人群超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖检出率分别为29.39%、8.47%和52.50%,标化检出率分别为28.77%、8.15%和51.58%。随年龄增长,不论男女,中心城区还是远城区,老年人超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖检出率均呈下降趋势(P0.01)。女性超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖检出率(分别为29.72%、10.01%和59.91%)均高于男性(分别为29.00%、6.69%和43.35%);中心城区居民超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖率(分别为33.86%、10.14%和60.37%)均高于远城区(分别为25.07%、6.86%和44.33%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论武汉市≥65岁老年人群的超重、肥胖以及中心性肥胖已成为重要的公共卫生问题,需要加强老年人尤其是城市和女性老年人口的健康管理。     

厦门市集美区>65岁老年人慢性病体检资料分析

目的随着老龄化进程不断加快,我国已经成为老年人口最多的国家之一。本研究分析>65岁老年人体检结果,了解厦门市集美区老年人群主要慢性病患病情况,为制定慢性病防控策略及合理分配卫生资源提供依据。方法选择2018年厦门市集美区参加体检的>65岁本地户籍老年人作为研究对象,体检项目包括病史、身高、体质量、血压、血糖、生化检查和腹部超声等,对其体检资料进行统计分析。结果厦门市集美区>65岁老年人高血压病、血脂异常、超重/肥胖和糖尿病患病率分别为56.37%、46.39%、40.63%和20.69%。超声检查异常前3位分别为肝脏病变4 875例(34.84%)、胆囊病变1 885例(13.47%)和肾脏病变604例(4.32%);男性脾脏病变高于女性,差异有统计学意义,χ~2=72.36,P<0.05。女性血脂异常(χ~2=69.87,P<0.01)、超重/肥胖(χ~2=22.57,P<0.01)及肾功能异常率(χ~2=81.68,P<0.01)均高于男性,差异有统计学意义。患有≥1种慢性病的老年人占86.82%,女性患多种慢性病数量高于男性,差异有统计学意义,χ~2=50.11,P<0.01。结论高血压、血脂异常、肥胖和糖尿病等代谢性疾病越来越多的影响老年人健康,>4/5老年人群患≥1种慢性病,慢性病负担不断加重。     

随州市老年人慢性病患病现状及危险因素研究

随着社会经济的发展、人口出生率的下降及平均预期寿命的延长,我国的人口结构迅速老龄化.2010年人口普查数据显示,全国≥65岁老年人占总人口的8.87％[1],随州市≥65岁老年人占9.17％[2].调查显示[3],我国老年人总患病率较高,绝大多数患有2种及以上的慢性病.高血压、冠心病和糖尿病等慢性病是老年人致死、致残的重要原因.为了解随州市城市和农村＞65岁老年人群主要慢性病的患病现状及其危险因素,为进一步采取干预措施提供依据,2011年6～7月对随州辖区城市和农村＞65岁老年人群进行调查.     

基于RIF-I-OLS分解法中国城镇老年人健康不平等影响因素分析

目的 了解中国城镇老年人健康不平等影响因素,为促进平等健康老龄化提供参考依据.方法 收集2005-2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)中16 170名≥65岁城镇老年人相关数据,从行动指标、身体活动指标、社会活动指标和症状问题指标4个维度综合测度中国城镇老年人的健康不平等状况及其变化趋势,并应用RIF-...     

江山市60岁及以上HIV/AIDS病例流行特征分析

目的了解江山市60岁及以上艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)的流行病学特征,为制定老年人群的艾滋病防制措施提供依据。方法通过中国艾滋病综合防治信息系统收集2016—2017年江山市≥60岁HIV/AIDS病例资料,对其人口学特征、传播途径和检测发现途径等进行描述性分析。结果 2016—2017年江山市共报告HIV/AIDS病例163例,其中≥60岁HIV/AIDS病例74例,占45.40%。年龄最大91岁,平均为(70.62±8.04)岁;男性65例,占87.84%;已婚有配偶45例,占60.81%;文盲或小学学历68例,占91.89%;农民65例,占87.84%。74例≥60岁HIV/AIDS病例均经异性性接触传播感染,其中商业性性接触传播63例,占85.13%。通过基本公共卫生项目健康体检发现30例,占40.54%。结论江山市≥60岁HIV/AIDS病例主要为男性、农民、已婚有配偶、文盲或小学学历,主要通过商业性性接触传播。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.