盐酸戊乙奎醚应用于小儿氯胺酮复合全凭静脉麻醉的临床研究

目的评估盐酸戊乙奎醚替代阿托品作为术前用药在小儿氯胺酮复合全凭静脉麻醉中对心血管和腺体分泌等的影响。方法40例3—10岁采用氯胺酮和丙泊酚复合全凭静脉麻醉患儿随机分为两组。麻醉前30min分别肌肉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚（P组，n=20）与阿托品（A组，n=20），观察并记录两组给药前、给药后10、20、30、60、150min时的HR、平均动脉压（MAP）、R、唾液分泌量（SS）及不良反应等指标。结果（1）P组和A组SS在给药后20、30、60min时均显著低于给药前（P〈0．01），而在150min时P组显著低于给药前及A组（P〈0．01）。（2）P组在给药后各时点的MAP、HR及R与给药前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），A组HR在给药后20、30、60min时升高（P〈0．05或〈0．01），MAP在给药后30min和60min时亦显著升高（P〈0．01），二者在同时点均高于P组（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚能有效地抑制呼吸道腺体分泌，持续时间较长，且对心率及血压几乎无影响，比阿托品更适合用于小儿临床麻醉前用药。     

老年患者麻醉前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚的临床观察

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚和阿托品用于老年患者麻醉前用药对唾液分泌、心率、呼吸的影响,探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚和阿托品作为麻醉前用药的差异。方法随机选择择期手术老年患者40例,随机分为A组(盐酸戊乙奎醚组)和B组(阿托品组)各20例,两组均分别于入手术室后肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚或阿托品0·01mg?kg,观察记录注药前、注药后10、20、30min各时点心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),同时记录面色、口干程度及持续时间、起效时间等。结果两组给药后对心率、血压均无明显影响,面红、口干程度也无明显差异(p>0·05),两组抑制唾液分泌的起效时间无显著性差异,但是口干持续时间,盐酸戊乙奎醚组明显长于阿托品组(p<0·05)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚对心率、呼吸、体温无显著影响,老年患者麻醉前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚可有效抑制唾液的分泌,比阿托品的作用显著,值得在临床上推广应用。     

妊娠期高血压疾病产妇剖宫产术前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚的临床观察

目的:探讨妊娠期高血压疾病产妇剖宫产术前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚对胎儿及产妇的影响。方法:将200例择期妊娠期高血压疾病产妇剖宫产术随机分为阿托品(A组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚组(C组)各100例,C组术前肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.5mg,A组术前肌注阿托品0.5 mg。观察两组HR、收缩压(SBP)、心脏每搏输出量(SV)、心排血指数(CI),口干程度视觉模拟评分(VAS)、寒战及新生儿1和5 min Apgar评分。结果:A组给药后HR、SBP、SV、CI明显高于给药前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组各时点SBP均较给药前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但均在正常范围内;C组给药后HR、SV、CI与给药前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组有42例寒战反应,C组无寒战反应,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组给药后VAS评分、新生儿1和5 min Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:盐酸戊乙奎醚可安全用于妊娠期高血压疾病剖宫产术前用药。     

静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚和阿托品用于开胸手术术前用药的对比研究

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚、阿托品用于开胸手术前用药的临床效果。方法80例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级胸科择期全麻手术患者随机分为Ⅰ组（盐酸戊乙奎醚组,n=40）和Ⅱ组（阿托品组,n=40）,麻醉诱导前30min静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚或阿托品0．01mg／kg,记录SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、口干程度及腺体分泌变化。结果两组患者注药前SBP、DBP、HR、Sp02无明显差异（P〉0．05）。Ⅰ组注药后第10min和15min SBP略下降,与注药前基础值相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。Ⅱ组患者于注药后1min、5min、10min、15min HR明显高于基础值（P〈0．05）,HR、SBP均明显高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）;两组VAS评分在注药后15min、30min时高于注药前（P〈0．05）,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;插管后各时点、拔管及拔管后1h腺体分泌量两组有显著差异（P〈0．05及P〈0．01）。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚作为胸科术前用药效果满意,抑制腺体分泌作用效果确切,维持心血管功能稳定,是胸科患者理想的术前用药。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚用于烧伤术前准备的临床观察

目的观察选择性M-受体拮抗剂盐酸戊乙奎醚用于烧伤病人术前准备的临床效果。方法选取烧伤科择期全麻手术60例,随机分为3组,每组20例:对照组(A组),不应用术前药;阿托品组(B组)和戊乙奎醚组(C组),分别于麻醉诱导前30m in肌肉注射阿托品或盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01 mg/kg,记录用药后诱导前患者口腔干燥程度,气管插管后5 m in至术毕拔管时气道分泌物量和心率。结果诱导前B组患者心率明显高于C组和A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。诱导前至气管插管后2 h,B组和C组患者的气道分泌物明显小于A组(P<0.05)。术毕拔管时,B组患者的气道分泌物则多于C组(P<0.05)。结论选择性新型M-受体拮抗剂盐酸戊乙奎醚用于烧伤外科手术术前用药临床效果优于阿托品。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚在复合全身麻醉中的应用价值研究

目的：探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚在全身麻醉中的应用价值。方法：61例患者均选自2008—2011年本院麻醉科开展全麻手术者,将患者随机分为观察组32例和对照组29例,对照组采用阿托品麻醉,观察组采用盐酸戊乙奎醚麻醉。观察静卧10min后,注药后1、3、5、10和20min心率（HR）和平均动脉压（MAP）变化。运用视觉模拟评分法（visualanaloguescale,VAS）测定口干程度并记录给药前、给药后20min、术后1h和苏醒后口干程度。结果：观察组患者麻醉3min起各时间段的HR均较对照组麻醉后低（P〈0．05）;观察组患者麻醉5min后的MAP均较对照组麻醉后低（P〈0．05）。观察组患者的VAS评价结果明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：盐酸戊乙奎醚能有效、快速地减轻抗胆碱药的心血管副作用,有利于患者平稳进入麻醉,在麻醉后恢复过程中也能大大降低过多分泌物对拔管的影响。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚与阿托品全身麻醉前给药对支撑喉镜置入时循环功能的影响

目的 比较盐酸戊乙奎醚(长托宁)和阿托品全身麻醉前给药对支撑喉镜置入时循环贩功能的影响.方法 将全身麻醉支撑喉镜下行择期手术患者40例随机分为两组,每组各20例,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组于麻醉前30 min分别肌肉注射长托宁和阿托品0.01 mg/kg,观察麻醉前、麻醉诱导后、气管插管时、支撑喉镜置入时四个时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、HR、脑电双频指数(BIS).结果 支撑喉镜置入时Ⅰ组的HR较Ⅱ组低(P<0.05),Ⅰ组支撑喉镜置入时有9例发生了心动过缓,Ⅱ组仅有1例(P<0.05).结论 长托宁作为支撑喉镜手术的麻醉前给药应警惕反射性心动过缓.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗有机磷农药中毒临床分析

目的 观察新型抗胆碱能药盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的疗效与安全性.方法 158例患者急性有机磷中毒患者随机分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组80例与阿托品组78例,2组间除分别采取盐酸戊乙奎醚和阿托品治疗外,其他治疗相同,对2组疗效及不良反应进行比较.结果 2组治愈率、病死率在轻、中度患者差异无显著性(P＞0.05),但在重度中毒者差异有显著性(P＜0.05),其用药次数,住院日、不良反应发生率2组有差异显著性(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚是抢救有机磷中毒理想的抗胆能药物,可取代阿托品在有机磷农药中毒中常规应用.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚与阿托品用于老年患者麻醉术前与术后拮抗的效果与不良反应

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚与阿托品在老年患者麻醉术前用药与术后拮抗中的效果与不良反应。方法选取气管插管全身麻醉手术患者40例,随机分为阿托品组(A组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚组(C组),每组20例。入室后给予阿托品(A组)0.01mg/kg或盐酸戊乙奎醚(C组)0.01mg/kg静脉注射,半小时后行麻醉诱导。术毕待TOF恢复至25%即给予新斯的明0.02mg/kg及阿托品0.01mg/kg(A组)或盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg(C组)拮抗,待TOF恢复至75%时拔管并送入PACU。于术前一天(T0)、术前用药后5min(T1)、15min(T2)、30min(T3)、术毕拮抗后5min(T4)、15min(T5)、30min(T6)及术后12h(T7)、24h(T8)观察心率(HR)、血压(BP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、OAA/S值、瞳孔直径;并行分泌物评级、口干VAS评分及记录复视、躁动、幻觉的发生率。结果C组患者T1至T6的HR较A组同时点低,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。两组患者T6、T7的OAA/S评分均较T0时降低,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);A组T3、T6及C组T3、T6、T7的瞳孔直径较T0时扩大,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率无统计学差异(p>0.05)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚对于老年患者在术前用药及术后复苏期较阿托品具有更好的控制心率作用,同时对中枢神经系统无不良影响,可有效控制分泌物。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚或阿托品复合咪达唑仑作为全子宫切除术术前用药的临床研究

目的:比较盐酸戊乙奎醚或阿托品复合咪达唑仑作为妇科全子宫切除术术前用药的安全性及适用性。方法:将80例拟行全子宫切除术的患者随机分为两组,分别肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚1 mg或阿托品0.5 mg和咪达唑仑0.07 mg/kg(总量不超过5 mg)作为术前用药,记录患者给药前、给药后10 m in、20 m in、30 m in、45 m in的心率、血压、血氧饱和度的变化,以及患者的镇静程度、镇静持续时间和遗忘程度。结果:盐酸戊乙奎醚组的血压、心率、血氧饱和度基本稳定,阿托品组心率明显增快(P<0.05)。盐酸戊乙奎醚组的镇静程度及遗忘作用优于阿托品组(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸戊乙奎醚复合咪达唑仑较阿托品复合咪达唑仑更适合作为妇科全子宫切除术的术前用药。     

长托宁术前用药用于小儿氯胺酮静脉全麻对血压及心率的影响

目的探讨长托宁术前用药在小儿氯胺酮静脉全麻对血压及心率的影响。方法选择60例3⁷岁的择期手术患儿,均采用氯胺酮静脉全麻,根据术前用药将患儿分为两组,每组30例,其中观察组术前应用长托宁,对照组术前应用阿托品。进入手术室后静注长托宁0.01 mg/kg或阿托品0.01 mg/kg。记录给药前后5 min、10 min及输注氯胺酮5 min后患儿的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)。结果给术前药后,观察组HR、MAP基本稳定,给药前后无显著差异;对照组的HR、MAP均比给药前增快增高,给药前后差异显著;氯胺酮麻醉后,观察组HR、MAP虽然有所上升,但麻醉前后的无显著差异,对照组HR、MAP则显著增快增高,麻醉前后差异显著。结论长托宁能维持心血管功能稳定,作为小儿氯胺酮静脉全麻的麻醉前用药,能维持患儿术中血压及心率的稳定。     

全凭静脉麻醉对胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间肺内分流和动脉血氧合的影响

目的观察全凭静脉麻醉对胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间肺内分流和动脉血氧合的影响。方法选择40例择期行胸腔镜手术的患者,随机分成两组（n=20）：全凭静脉麻醉组（A组）和静吸复合麻醉组（B组）。全麻诱导插管后,A组以异丙酚靶控输注,B组以七氟醚吸入,维持BIS在40～60,PetCO2在30～35mmHg范围内。观察并记录患者侧卧位双肺通气10min（TLV）、侧卧位单肺通气15min（OLV＋15）、30min（OLV＋30）,60min（OLV＋60）各时间点的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO：）和平均气道压（Paw）;在相应时间点抽取动脉血和右心房血进行血气分析,计算肺内分流率（Qs／Qt）;观察并记录患者发生低血压、心动过缓、低氧血症、苏醒延迟及苏醒期躁动等不良反应的发生情况。结果在OLV期间,两组患者的Qs／Qt明显增加,B组大于A组（34．2±5vs28．8±2;38．4±8VS32．1±6;37．1±2VS29．5±2）;两组患者的Pa02明显降低,但A组PaO2均大于B组（177±88vs125±63;150-4-65vs110±67;188±69vs128±52）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在OLV后15min、30min两时间点,A组患者的MAP低于B组（72±10VS88±14;74±12vs89±10）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组低血压、苏醒延迟的发生率高于B组（10例VS4例;9例vs2例）,B组苏醒期躁动的发生率高于A组（9例VS3例）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论与七氟醚静吸复合麻醉比较,异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉能有效减少胸腔镜手术患者单肺通气期间的肺内分流,改善动脉血氧合,有利于低氧血症的预防。     

小儿氯胺酮麻醉前静脉注射长托宁与阿托品的对比研究

目的比较麻醉前静脉注射长托宁和阿托品对氯胺酮麻醉儿外科手术术前用药的临床效果。方法60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级儿外科手术患儿随机分为Ⅰ组（长托宁组,n=30）和Ⅱ组（阿托品组n=30）;氯胺酮静脉麻醉前10min礴注研究药物0．01mg／kg,记录HR、MAP、SpO2的变化和唾液分泌量,术后恶心、呕吐不良反应发生率。结果长托宁组心率显著低于阿托品组,与基础值比较无显著差异。长托宁组唾液分泌物量及术后恶心、呕吐发生率显著低于阿托品组。结论长托宁有稳定心率和减少围术期唾液腺分泌的显著作用,可降低术后恶心呕吐发生率,更适合作为小儿氯胺酮麻醉前用药。     

动脉压力波形分析技术对二氧化碳气腹心血管效应的评价作用

目的 通过采用动脉压力波形分析技术(FloTrac/Vigileo系统)监测腹腔镜下胆囊切除手术中患者的心功能相关参数的变化,分析二氧化碳(CO2)气腹时高碳酸血症和腹腔内压力对心血管系统的影响.方法 40例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者采用机械抽样法随机分为两组:定容呼吸组(20例)患者术中保持固定的通气量(潮气量10ml/kg,频率12次/min),非定容呼吸组(20例)患者根据术中动脉血CO2分压(PaCO2)和呼气末CO2分压(PETCO2)来调节呼吸参数以保持其在正常范围.所有患者麻醉诱导前均行左桡动脉穿刺置管,连接FloTrac/Vigileo系统,监测平均动脉压(MAP)、心排血量(CO)、每搏量(SV)和每搏量变异度(SVV).PHILIPS-MP60多功能监护仪监测心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、PETCO2.血气分析监测PaCO2.结果 定容呼吸组气腹后10、30minHR、MAP、心脏指数(CI)、SVV、PaCO2和PETCO2及气腹后30min每搏量指数(SVI)均显著增高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),气腹结束时SVV[(8±2)%]与插管后5 min[(9±3)%]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而HR、MAP、CI、SVI、PaCO2和PETCO2显著增高(P＜0.05或＜0.01);非定容呼吸组气腹后10、30 min HR、MAP、CI、SVI、PaCO2和PETCO2与插管后5 min比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),SVV显著高于插管后5min(P＜0.01),气腹结束时SVV[(9±2)%]与插管后5min[(10±2)%]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与非定容呼吸组比较,定容呼吸组气腹后30 min和气腹结束时HR、CI、SVI、PaCO2、PETCO2均显著增高(P＜0.05或＜0.01).结论 CO2气腹时高碳酸血症的心血管效应主要表现为增加交感活性,造成MAP、HR、CO、SV的增加,而腹腔内压力则主要阻碍腹腔内脏器静脉和下腔静脉的回流造成前负荷的减少.动脉压力波形分析技术能及时反映CO2气腹对心血管系统的影响,有利于腹腔镜手术中呼吸参数的调节和输液管理.

Abstract：

Objective Toinvestigate the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular system by making use of arterial pressure waveform analysis( FloTrac/Vigileo system) to observe the change of heart function of patients undergoing laparoscopy cholecystotomy. Methods Forty patients scheduled for elective laparoscopy cholecystotomy were divided into two groups with 20 cases each by random sampling.Ventilatory capacity was fixed (tidal volume was 10 ml/kg, frequency was 12 times/min) in group A and adjusted to keep arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and end expiration carbon dioxide tension(PETCO2)in normal range in group B. The parameters, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output(CO),stroke volume (SV), stroke volume variability (SVV), heart rate(HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2),PETCO2, PaCO2 were recorded and analyzed. Results In group A:HR,MAP,CI,SVV,PaCO2 and PETCO2 were increased at 10,30 min after pneumoperitoneum (P ＜0.05 or ＜0.01),there was no significant difference in SVV between the end of pneumoperitoneum and 5 min after intubation [(8 ±2)% vs. (9 ±3 )%](P＞ 0.05 ) ,but HR, MAP, CI,SVI,PaCO2 and PETCO2 increased significantly (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ). In group B: HR, MAP, CI, SVI, PaCO2 and PETCO2 at 10,30 min after pneumoperitoneum were no changes (P ＞0.05 ), SVV was higher than that at 5 min after intubation (P ＜ 0.01 ), there was no significant difference in SVV between the end of pneumoperitoneum and 5 ain after intubation [(9 ± 2)% vs. ( 10 ± 2)%] (P ＞0.05 ). HR, CI, SVI, PaCO2, PETCO2 at 30 min after pneumoperitoneum and the end of pneumoperitoneun were significantly higher in group A than those in group B (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions During carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, hypercapnia can increase MAP, HR, CO,SV significantly, and intra abdominal pressure can decrease preload by hindering the reflow of inferior vena cava and abdominal viscera veins. Arterial pressure waveform analysis can promptly reflect the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular system and be in favour of adjusting the respiration parameters and managing transfusion in laparoscopic surgery.     

不同麻醉方式下经皮肾穿刺碎石术的临床观察

目的 比较全身麻醉与椎管内麻醉下经皮肾穿刺碎石术(PCNL)患者循环、呼吸、体温的变化以及麻醉恢复期相关并发症的发生情况,以评价麻醉效果与安全性.方法 ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行PCNL患者40例,按随机数字表法分为气管内插管全身麻醉组(Ⅰ组)和椎管内麻醉组(Ⅱ组),每组20例.记录两组患者的体温、心率、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化及恢复期不良反应发生情况.结果 Ⅰ组麻醉过程平稳,各时间点MAP、心率无明显变化;Ⅱ组麻醉效果确切,但麻醉后15 min的MAP及截石位后、俯卧位后的心率和MAP均较麻醉前和Ⅰ组有明显变化(P＜0.05).两组患者麻醉后30、60、90、120min的体温均较麻醉即刻有不同程度的下降(P＜0.05),且Ⅰ组患者麻醉后30、60min体温[(35.8±0.6)、(34.8±0.5)℃]明显低于Ⅱ组[(36.2±0.6)、(35.6±0.5)℃](P＜0.05).两组患者麻醉恢复期寒战、恶心、咽痛、背部不适均有发生,其中以发生寒战者最多.结论 两种麻醉方式均适用于PCNL;椎管内麻醉下术中需严密观察患者的各项生命指标;而对于肥胖、体质较弱、呼吸循环代偿功能较差的患者宜选用气管内插管全身麻醉.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the influences of general anesthesia and intra spinal anesthesia on circulation, respiration, body temperature and anesthesia-related complications in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and assess the effectiveness and safety of both anesthesia. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients elective for PCNL surgery were divided into two groups by random digits table with 20 cases each:group Ⅰ (endotracheal general anesthesia) and group Ⅱ (intra spinal anesthesia). The temperature, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) values and postoperative shivering, nausea, vomiting, back discomfort and the incidence of sore throat were observed and recorded. Results The anesthesia was stable, there were no changes in MAP, HR at different time in group Ⅰ . The anesthesia in group Ⅱ was effective, MAP at 15 min after anesthesia,and HR,MAP after lithotomy position and prone position were obviously changed in group Ⅱ compared with those before anesthesia and group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05 ). The temperature at 30,60,90, 120 min after anesthesia decreased compared with that before anesthesia in two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ), and the temperature at 30,60 min after anesthesia in group Ⅰ [(35.8 ±0.6), (34.8 ± 0.5)℃] was lower than that in group Ⅱ [(36.2 ± 0.6),(35.6 ± 0.5)℃](P＜ 0.05).During recovery,complications such as shivering, nausea,sore throat, back discomfort occurred to some extent, of which the incidence of shivering was the highest. Conclusion Both of two anesthesia are applicable to PCNL. When intra spinal anesthesia is used,the life indicators of patients need to be observed and general anesthesia is preferable for the obesity,less physical and the old with poorly compensatory function.     

普鲁泊福复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管的观察

目的 观察普鲁泊福麻醉诱导时复合不同剂量瑞芬太尼应用于非肌松剂气管插管时对患者心血管反应的影响.方法 将60例ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的非心、脑外科择期全身麻醉手术患者按随机数字表法分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组20例,注射泵输注瑞芬太尼血浆靶控浓度分别为2、3、4ng/ml,输注5 min后开始靶控输注普鲁泊福(血浆靶控浓度3μg/ml).记录三组患者诱导前(T1)、普鲁泊福开始即刻(T2)、气管插管前即刻(T3)、气管插管后1 min(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率变化,以及气管插管评分和第1次插管成功率.结果 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组气管插管评分分别为(10.5±2.9)、(7.6±2.3)、(5.8±1.2)分,第1次插管成功率分别为50%(10/20)、80%(16/20)、100%(20/20),三组间比较差异均有统计学意义,Ⅲ组均优于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).T2与T1比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组心率均显著减慢(P＜0.05),Ⅲ组更明显;T4与T3比较,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组心率显著增快,Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).T3与T2比较,三组MAP均显著下降;T4与T3比较,Ⅰ组MAP显著上升,且高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).结论 在不使用肌松剂时,普鲁泊福复合瑞芬太尼靶控浓度3～4 ng/ml能较好地抑制气管插管的应激反应,而又不引起明显的循环抑制,对维持麻醉诱导插管过程的平稳较为有利.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the impacts on the patients with cardiovascular responses when applying propofol combined with different dose of remifentanil in tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants for anesthesia induction. Methods Sixty patients undergoing selective general anesthesia operation of ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ non-heart and brain surgery were divided into three groups by random digits table, and 20 cases for each group. Target-controlled infusion of remifentanil with respective plasma concentration of 2 ng/ml (group Ⅰ ), 3 ng/ml (group Ⅱ ) and 4 ng/ml (group Ⅲ). Target-controlled infusion of propofol after infusion of remifentanil for 5 min (3 μg/ml of plasma target concentration). The mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR), intubation conditions and success rate of patients in different groups before induction(T1), at the beginning moment of propofol(T2),at the immediate moment before tracheal intubation (T3) and at the time of 1 min after tracheal intubation (T4). Results The grade of tracheal intubation was (10.5 ±2.9), (7.6 ±2.3), (5.8 ± 1.2) scores and the success rate of the first intubation was 50%( 10/20), 80%(16/20), 100%(20/20) in group Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ , there were significant differences among three groups (P＜ 0.05),group Ⅲ was superior to group Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＜0.05). Comparing T2 and Tj,HR in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ slowed down significantly ( P ＜ 0.05), and in group Ⅲ slowed down more significantly (P＜0.05). Comparing T4 and T3,HR in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ quickened significantly, and group Ⅰ was higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P＜ 0.05). Comparing T3 and T2,MAP decreased significantly among three groups,comparing T4 and T3, MAP increased significantly in group Ⅰ which was higher than that in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Without the use of muscle relaxants, propofol combined with remifentanil for 3-4 ng/ml can better restrain the tracheal intubation stress responses and won't cause significant cycle inhibition. They benefit to maintain the smooth intubation process of anesthesia induction.     

雷米芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管期平均动脉压、心率和QTc间期延长的影响

目的 观察和评价雷米芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管期平均动脉压(MAP)、心率和QTc间期的影响.方法 选取择期全麻手术患者75例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,按随机数字表法分为三组:对照组(C组)、雷米芬太尼Ⅰ组(R1组)和雷米芬太尼Ⅱ组(R2组),每组25例.麻醉诱导:静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg、普鲁泊福1.0～1.5 mg/kg和维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg后2 min,双盲法≥40 s给予雷米芬太尼0.50 μg/kg(R1组)或0.75μg/kg(R2组)后,两组分别连续输注雷米芬太尼0.10μg/(kg·min);C组患者给予相同容量的0.9%氯化钠.记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后2 min(T1)、首次给予雷米芬太尼或0.9%氯化钠后1 min(T2)、气管插管前即刻(T3)及气管插管后30 s(T4)、2 min(T5)和4 min(T6)的MAP和心率,并描记心电图.结果 与C组比较,R2组T4～T6时QTc间期明显缩短(P＜0.05或＜0.01＝;R,组T4和C组T4～T6时QTc间期较T0明显延长(P＜0.05或＜0.01).C组气管插管期OTc间期＞440ms 11例(44%,11/25),R2组3例(12%,3/25),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 芬太尼和普鲁泊福麻醉诱导气管插管期间患者的QTc间期是延长的;插管前1 min静脉注射雷米芬太尼0.75μg/kg,继以0.10 μg/(kg·min)输注可有效抑制气管插管诱发QTc间期延长和血流动力学反应.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and QTc interval during tracheal intubation of general anesthesia patients. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ grade patients were selected and allocated to receive either saline (group C), remifentanil 0.50 μg/kg (group R1) or remifentanil 0.75 μg/kg(group R2) by random digits table with 25 cases in each, they were administrated as a bolus intravenous, followed by a continuous infusion at 0.10 μg/ (kg·min), 1 min before laryngoscopy. All patients received fentanyl 3 μg/kg,propofol 1.0 - 1.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The ECG.MAP and HR were recorded prior to induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 min following the start of drug intravenous of fentanyl and propofol with vecuronium (T1), 1 min following remifentanil or saline (T2), before laryngoscopy(T3), 30 s (T4), 2 min (T5) and 4 min (T6) after intubation. Results The QTc interval was significantly prolonged immediately following intubation in group C and group R1, but it remained stable in group R2, compared with the QTc interval just before laryngoscopy. In group R2, QTc interval was significantly shorter at T4-T6 compared to group C(P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). QTc interval significantly increased from baseline at T4 in group R1 and T4-T6 in group C (P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). The number of patients with QTc interval ＞ 440 ms were significantly greater immediately following tracheal intubation in group C than that in group R2 [44% (11/25) vs. 12% (3/25)] (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions QTc interval increases following tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia using fentanyl and propofol. Intravenous of remifentanil attenuates the QTc interval prolongation associated with tracheal intubation. In addition, remifentanil decreases the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation.     

全凭静脉及静吸复合麻醉对脊柱神经外科手术患者血糖和皮质醇的影响

目的 探讨静吸复合麻醉和全凭静脉麻醉对脊柱神经外科手术患者血糖和皮质醇的影响.方法 将44例择期行脊柱神经外科手术患者根据计算机产生的随机表分为两组:普鲁泊福复合瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉组(PR组)、七氟烷复合瑞芬太尼静吸复合麻醉组(SR组),每组22例.两组均以普鲁泊福、舒芬太尼、罗库溴铵诱导麻醉,SR组以七氟烷吸入维持麻醉,PR组以普鲁泊福维持麻醉,使脑电双频指数稳定于45～55.观察两组患者不同时间点血糖、皮质醇及血流动力学变化情况.结果 诱导后PR组平均动脉压(MAP)高于SR组(P＜0.05);PR组诱导后60min MAP低于诱导前(P＜0.05).PR组和SR组诱导后60、120min心率(HR)均低于诱导前(P＜0.05);诱导后5min PR组HR低于SR组(P＜0.05).两组间及两组内各时间点血糖水平、两组间各时间点皮质醇水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PR组诱导后120min皮质醇水平[(40.6±18.3)μg/L]较诱导前[(129.7±36.7)μg/L]显著降低(P＜0.05),术毕24 h[(93.6±19.8)μg/L]恢复至诱导前水平;SR组诱导后120 min皮质醇水平[(51.6±16.8)μg/L]较诱导前[(130.5±32.1)μg/L]显著降低(P＜0.05),并持续至术毕24 h[(75.9±18.2)μg/L].结论 两种方法均可用于脊柱神经外科手术的麻醉维持,围手术期血糖水平无明显波动,但是七氟烷对皮质醇的抑制时间可能更长.