宋明昌副局长在全国检验检疫卫生监管工作会议上的讲话

同志们: 今天,我们在深圳召开全国检验检疫卫生监管工作会议,主要是总结一年来卫生监管工作和推广深圳创建国际卫生机场经验,分析当前卫生监管工作面临的新形势,提出今后的工作任务。我着重讲两个方面的内容: 一、系统机构改革以来卫生监管工作的回顾 自国家出入境检验检疫局组建以来,各级检验检疫机构认真贯彻党的十五大精神,按照国家局党     

创建国际卫生机场活动的法律构架及卫生技术含量的探讨

创建国际卫生机场活动是由国家出入境检验检疫局倡导，全国各地国际机场为创建主体，机场所在地政府负责具体实施，多部门参加，跨系统、跨行业在全国空港口岸开展的一项系统工程。这项活动的开展对提高机场所在城市的声誉及国际知名度，树立检验检疫机构形象，扩大对外开放具有重要意义。为此国家出入境检验检疫局在深圳机场创建试点工作基础上，对在全国范围内开展此项活动制定了总体实施方案、创建的执行标准和成立了创建国际卫生机场专家组机构，在国家局统一指导下开展创建工作。1999年4月，国家局正式发文号召全国空港口岸局开展此项活动。现就此活动的法律构架及卫生技术含量进行探讨。     

《国际卫生条例》在白云机场创建"国际卫生机场"工作中的实际应用

白云机场创建"国际卫生机场"历程中,检验检疫部门作为白云机场"创建卫生港"工作的技术主体,未雨绸缪,奠定"创建卫生港"工作有利条件;严格按照新<国际卫生条例>的要求,逐一攻破"创建卫生港"工作各项难点.这表明新时期的检验检疫部门作为国境口岸卫生安全保障的主体,应重视阶段性战略规划的建立及实施,积极应对新条例和复杂多变的卫生安全防控局势,时刻保持清醒的头脑和认识,促进了检验检疫业务在口岸的纵深与发展.     

广州白云国际机场创建国际卫生机场总体工作报告

广州白云国际机场(以下简称白云机场)是中国内地3大枢纽机场之一.为更好地履行《国际卫生条例》和国内有关法律法规所规定的义务,进一步提高机场卫生管理水平,从2003年初起,白云机场当局及各驻场单位在广东省、广州市政府的关心支持下,在出入境检验检疫部门的指导帮助下,积极开展了创建国际卫生机场活动(以下简称创卫工作).     

天津滨海国际机场创建国际卫生机场总体工作计划

天津滨海国际机场是中国重要的航空港口,机场二号跑道2010年7月开始开放客运运行,特别是2011年开工建设、2014年投入使用的第二航站楼工程更是增加了天津滨海国际机场的吞吐能力,天津机场将逐步成为中国北方交通枢纽之一.国际卫生机场,是建立各项卫生设施、达到相关卫生控制要求,并得到世界卫生组织认可的国际通航机场.天津滨海国际机场创建国际卫生机场有利于中国参与国际惯例制定与实践,有利于提高国际间传染病的监测水平和病媒生物控制手段,有利于促进我国国际旅行卫生工作的发展和完善.     

纪念江泽民主席为中国卫生检疫题词10周年暨中国卫生检疫130周年大会征稿的通知

各出入境检验检疫局 :为纪念江泽民主席为中国国境卫生检疫题词1 0周年和纪念中国卫生检疫 1 30周年 ,中华预防医学会国境卫生检疫专业委员会将在《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》出版增刊 ,请各出入境检验检疫局积极组织局机关及所属保健中心和技术中心的管理和业务人员踊跃投稿 ,现将征稿的有关事项通知如下 :一、征稿范围1、完善风险预警与快速反应机制 ,提高应对突发公共卫生事件能力的研究2、适应我国加入WTO及口岸大通关的新形势 ,卫生检疫监管新模式的探讨3、传染病监测方法和疾病检测技术的研究4、创建国际卫生机场、国际卫生海港、国际…     

海口美兰国际机场传染病监测与控制技术报告

1．1组织机构 为使海口美兰国际机场（以下简称美兰机场）的传染病控制能力达到国际卫生机场的要求，依据《国际卫生条例》、《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法》及其实施细则、《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》及其他有关卫生法规，美兰机场口岸的传染病控制工作以出入境检验检疫机构为主，驻场单位按照各自所管辖的范围，遵循相互支持、密切配合的原则，建立了1套较完整的口岸传染病控制的管理制度，并在从业人员体检、口岸入出境人员检疫、疫情的应急处理报告、卫生宣传方面制定了相应的管理规范。根据海南出入境检验检疫局内部分工，     

切实贯彻国际卫生条例加强船舶卫生检疫监督——2004～2007年张家港口岸船舶卫生检疫监督情况分析

随着张家港港口经济的飞速发展，张家港口岸年出入境国际航行船舶艘次逐年递增，2007年达近4000艘次。多年来，张家港出入境检验检疫局（以下简称张家港局）坚持依据法律法规对国际航行船舶实施检疫查验和卫生监督，同时为适应口岸检疫查验工作需要先后按照《国际卫生条例》要求和国家质量监督检验检疫总局（以下简称国家质检总局）的规定，配备有必要的检疫查验仪器、设备和防护用品，以确保检疫查验工作高效、有序开展。特别是自2004年开始，根据张家港市人民政府的统一部署，检验检疫机构参与并指导开展创建“国际卫生港口”工作以来，通过创建工作和科学实践，检验检疫出入境船舶监督能力都得到了进一步的提升，有效地防止了传染病的传人、传出，保障了口岸卫生安全。     

广州白云国际机场创建国际卫生机场总体工作报告

广州白云国际机场（以下简称白云机场）是中国内地3大枢纽机场之一。为更好地履行《国际卫生条例》和国内有关法律法规所规定的义务，进一步提高机场卫生管理水平，从2003年初起，白云机场当局及各驻场单位在广东省、广州市政府的关心支持下，在出入境检验检疫部门的指导帮助下，积极开展了创建国际卫生机场活动（以下简称创卫工作）。通过创卫工作，白云机场基本达到了国际卫生机场的条件。现将创卫工作总体情况报告如下：[第一段]     

建设国际卫生机场长效机制 提升口岸疾病综合防控能力

〔目的〕总结深圳机场自创建"国际卫生机场"以来,在建设卫生机场长效机制方面的经验,为提升口岸疾病防控综合能力提供参考。〔方法〕在检验检疫部门的指导监督下,深圳机场从完善口岸疾病防控网络、加强检疫基础设施建设、建立疾病检测体系、提升基层检疫队伍技术水平等8个方面采取了各项举措。〔结果〕深圳机场发热病人检出率逐年上升、传染病检出例数逐年增加,2009年4月25日—12月31日,成功截获7例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例。〔结论〕建设国际卫生机场长效机制是强化口岸疾病防控能力、提升口岸核心能力的重要举措。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.