职业暴露甲萘威对女性生殖内分泌的影响

分别选择某农药厂甲萘威生产女工67名为暴露组、厂行政办公区女性工作人员47名为对照组。对环境空气中甲萘威及其相关气体如异氰酸甲酯(MIC)、氨气及总酚进行持续3d的监测,同时选择暴露区及对照区各3人进行个体采样和皮肤污染量测定;运用回顾性队列研究的方法对其月经和妊娠结局进行评价。测定其血清中的卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL)和雌二醇(E2)水平。结果显示暴露组空气中甲萘威、总酚浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.01),个体采样及皮肤污染量结果均显示暴露组甲萘威浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01);暴露组自然流产发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。提示甲萘威农药生产职业暴露可能对女工的妊娠结局有一定的影响。     

男性不育症患者中血清高泌乳素与其它生殖激素的关系

目的探讨男性不育症患者中血清高泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)与其它生殖激素之间的关系。方法选择2014年5月至2017年5月南京金陵中西医结合医院男性科男性不育症患者123例(不育组)和54例健康男性(对照组),测定其血清中垂体PRL、睾酮(testosterone,T)、促卵泡激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)及雌二醇(estradiol,E_2)水平,并作统计学对比分析。结果不育组血清PRL、FSH及LH水平均高于对照组,而血清T水平低于对照组(P0.05)。在不育组中,血清PRL水平与T水平呈负相关(r=-0.501,P0.01),与血清FSH呈正相关(r=0.520,P0.01),与LH呈正相关(r=0.381,P0.05),与E_2无相关性(r=0.09,P0.05)。结论血清高泌乳素可导致其它生殖激素异常改变,是男性不育的原因之一。     

高氯酸铵暴露对职业女工性激素的影响

目的探讨高氯酸铵对职业女工性激素水平的影响。方法采用病例-对照研究方法,对高氯酸铵暴露组及对照组进行血清性激素水平测定。结果不同周期两组间性激素水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但从均数看,滤泡期暴露组FSH、LH及E2均高于对照组。采用非条件Logistic回归分析发现高氯酸铵暴露是影响职业女工FSH、LH及E2的危险因素。结论高氯酸铵暴露对职业女工血清FSH、LH及E2水平有一定的影响,但其影响的程度有待进一步跟踪监测。     

双酚A与6月~2岁婴幼儿女童乳房发育的关系研究

目的 研究环境内分泌干扰物双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)与2岁以下婴幼儿女童乳房发育(permature thelarche,PT)的关系。方法 选择 6月~2岁PT 40例,正常同龄女童32例,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS-MS)进行血清BPA 浓度测定,同时运用化学发光法进行血清性激素浓度:卵泡刺激素(follicule-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)测定,比较两组差异及分析BPA与性激素之间相关性。结果 6月~2岁婴幼儿女童PT组血清BPA检出率及浓度均显著高于对照组(P均<0.01)。两组血清FSH,PRL浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PT组血清E2浓度高于对照组(P<0.05),PT组血清LH浓度高于对照组(P<0.01)。两组血清BPA浓度与FSH浓度、PRL浓度无相关性(P>0.05)。血清BPA浓度与E2和LH浓度有相关性(P<0.01)。结论 6月~2岁婴幼儿女童存在BPA的暴露;BPA暴露可能是6月~2岁婴幼儿女童出现PT的原因之一。6月~2岁婴幼儿女童BPA的暴露可能影响LH及E2的分泌。     

聚氨酯鞋用胶粘剂对女工生殖激素水平的影响

为了解聚氨酯胶粘剂对制鞋女工生殖内分泌激素水平的影响,选择41名制鞋企业女工,分为接胶组和对照组,测定其血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、催乳激素(PRL)、孕激素(P)水平。结果显示接胶组女工血清中FSH、LH水平低于对照组,PRL、P、T、E2水平均高于对照组,但仅LH差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。提示聚氨酯胶粘剂对接胶女工血中生殖激素水平有影响,引起LH水平降低。     

某石油化工企业有机溶剂暴露对女工生殖激素分泌的影响

采用整群抽样的方法,选取甘肃省某大型石油化工企业98名接触有机溶剂一线女工作为暴露组,同地区某家企业不接触有机溶剂的78名后勤、财务及管理人员作为对照组。暴露组女工经期雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)水平以及卵泡期 P、FSH、LH水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);黄体期FSH、LH 低于对照组,E2高于对照组(P<0.05);经期、卵泡期和黄体期FSH以及黄体期E2异常率高于对照组(P<0.05)。提示有机溶剂暴露对生殖激素分泌影响较大, 应加强对女工生殖健康宣教和健康检查工作。     

60例女大学生月经紊乱血清性激素检测分析

目的探讨性激素水平变化与女大学生月经紊乱的关系,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法采用化学发光法检测60例月经紊乱女生血清中的黄体生成激素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、孕酮(P)的浓度。另检测30例正常体检女生,作为同年龄对照组,并对2组结果进行统计学分析。结果月经紊乱组检出PRL异常18例,占64.29%,PRL显著高于对照组(P<0.05);P异常6例,占21.43%,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);E2异常4例,占14.29%,显著低于对照组。FSH、LH、T与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论月经紊乱伴有血清PRL增高、P、E2的降低提示与其体内激素水平有密切的关系。部分学生的营养不良及精神压抑可能是导致内分泌紊乱的重要原因。     

血清生殖激素、顶体蛋白酶抗体、精子蛋白17抗体水平检测在不孕不育症女性患者中的临床价值

目的探讨检测血清生殖激素6项指标水平及血清顶体蛋白酶抗体(Acr Ab)、精子蛋白17抗体(Sp17Ab)水平在临床不孕不育症女性患者中的诊断意义。方法选取2017年4月-2019年8月在丽水市人民医院妇产科接受诊断治疗的147例不孕不育症患者作为本研究的观察组,其中月经周期正常64例(正常组),月经周期不正常83例(异常组)。另选取同期在本院接受健康体检的92例女性生育功能正常者作为本研究的对照组。比较各组女性的雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)、促催乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)及促卵泡素(FSH) 6项指标水平及血清Acr Ab、Sp17Ab水平,分析血清Acr Ab与Sp17Ab的关系。结果观察组患者的E2水平明显低于对照组,LH、P、PRL、FSH水平与血清Acr Ab、Sp17Ab水平明显高于对照组(均P0. 05)。月经异常组患者的E2水平较正常组、对照组低,LH、P、PRL及FSH水平较正常组、对照组高(均P0. 05);月经正常组患者的E2、LH、P、PRL及FSH水平较对照组高,但差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。血清Acr Ab与Sp17Ab水平无明显相关性(r=-0. 19,P=0. 87)。结论不孕不育症女性患者可通过临床检测血清生殖激素或血清Acr Ab、Sp17Ab水平进行辅助诊断及治疗,其中血清Acr Ab与Sp17Ab可单独或者联合作为不孕不育症女性患者的检测指标,临床诊断意义突出。     

绝经期妇女血清生殖激素水平的观察

目的探讨绝经期妇女血清生殖激素水平与年龄的关系,为绝经期妇女自我保健提供科学依据。方法选择绝经期妇女,根据年龄、绝经年限进行分组：自然绝经期组120例,人工绝经组40例,同时选择100例月经正常者作为对照组。结果自然绝经组和人工绝经组与对照组比较PRL、E2水平是下降的,FSH、LH水平是上升的;绝经期妇女随着年龄的增长,PRL、E2水平呈下降趋势,FSH、LH水平呈上升趋势。结论绝经期妇女PRL、E2水平与年龄成负相关,FSH、LH水平与年龄呈正相关。     

低浓度铅暴露对女工性激素及生殖结局的影响

对铅暴露女工368人及对照组女工453人的一般情况、生殖结局进行回顾性队列研究,并测定暴露组女工30人、对照组48人的血铅及性激素水平。暴露组女工月经紊乱明显高于对照组(P<0.01),且早产率、自然流产率亦高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);暴露组血清性激素水平孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)降低,睾酮(T)升高(P<0.01)。说明长期低浓度铅暴露可引起女工月经失调、激素紊乱,导致不良的生殖结局。     

High urinary bisphenol A concentrations in workers and possible laboratory abnormalities

Objectives Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in epoxy resins in China. There are few reports on the adverse health effects of occupational exposure to BPA. This study examined associations between urinary BPA concentrations in workers and laboratory parameters for health status. Methods Spot urine checks at the end shift on Friday were used for cross-sectional analysis of BPA concentrations, and blood or urinary markers of liver function, glucose homeostasis, thyroid function and cardiovascular diseases were measured. The 28 participants were workers in two semiautomatic epoxy resin factories. Results The average urinary BPA concentration was 55.73±5.48 ng/ml (geometric mean ± geometric SD) (range 5.56-1934.85 ng/ml). After adjusting for urine creatinine (Cr), it was 31.96±4.42 μg/g Cr (geometric mean ± geometric SD) (range 4.61-1253.69 μg/g Cr). BPA feeding operators showed the highest concentrations, over 10 times those of the crushing and packing and office workers. Higher BPA concentrations were associated with clinically abnormal concentrations of FT3, FT4, TT3, TT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and γ-glutamyl transferase. Workers with higher BPA concentrations showed higher FT3 concentrations (linear trend: p<0.001). Bivariate correlation tests for laboratory analytes within normal limits showed FT3 to be positively associated with logged BPA concentrations, r=0.57, p=0.002. FT4 was positively associated with lactate dehydrogenase, r=0.45, p=0.020, and insulin was positively associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone with r=0.57, p=0.009. Conclusions Higher occupational BPA exposure, reflected in urinary concentrations of BPA, may be associated with thyroid hormone disruption.     

Bisphenol A exposure is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in postmenopausal women

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. There is increasing health concerns regarding low-level exposure to BPA among the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the association between BPA exposure with oxidative stress and inflammation in adult populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted. This study included 485 adults (259 men, 92 premenopausal women, and 134 postmenopausal women) living in general communities within large cities. Urinary concentrations of BPA, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), white blood cell (WBC) count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Multivariate analyses were applied to determine the associations of BPA exposure with oxidative stress and inflammation. The geometric means of urinary BPA for men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women were 0.53, 0.61, and 0.58 μg/g cr, respectively. The urinary BPA concentrations were positively associated with MDA, 8-OHdG, and CRP levels in the postmenopausal women; however, such associations did not exist in men and premenopausal women. The findings of this study suggest that BPA exposure would promote oxidative stress and inflammation, in which postmenopausal women are likely to be more susceptible to BPA-induced health effects.     

Bisphenol A Exposure during Adulthood Causes Augmentation of Follicular Atresia and Luteal Regression by Decreasing 17β-Estradiol Synthesis via Downregulation of Aromatase in Rat Ovary

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) has been detected in human body fluids, such as serum and ovarian follicular fluids. Several reports indicated that BPA exposure is associated with the occurrence of several female reproductive diseases resulting from the disruption of steroid hormone biosynthesis in the adult ovary.Objective: We hypothesized that long-term exposure to low concentrations of BPA disrupts 17β-estradiol (E2) production in granulosa cells via an alteration of steroidogenic proteins in ovarian cells.Methods: Adult female rats received BPA for 90 days by daily gavage at doses of 0, 0.001, or 0.1 mg/kg body weight. We determined serum levels of E2, testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). We also analyzed the expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase (3β-HSD), and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in the ovary.Results: Exposure to BPA significantly decreased E2 serum concentration, which was accompanied by augmented follicular atresia and luteal regression via increase of caspase-3–associated apoptosis in ovarian cells. After BPA exposure, P450arom and StAR protein levels were significantly decreased in granulosa cells and theca-interstitial (T-I) cells, respectively. However, P450scc and 3β-HSD protein levels remained unchanged. The increase in LH levels appeared to be associated with the decreased synthesis of T in T-I cells after BPA exposure via homeostatic positive feedback regulation.Conclusions: BPA exposure during adulthood can disturb the maintenance of normal ovarian functions by reducing E2. The steroidogenic proteins StAR and P450arom appear to be targeted by BPA.     

南昌市近郊区超重与肥胖儿童血清双酚A水平调查

目的了解南昌市近郊区儿童血清双酚A(BPA)水平与超重或肥胖的关系。方法于2014年调查南昌市近郊3所小学的7~11岁儿童176名,由家长统一填写调查表问卷,按照中国肥胖工作组(WGOC)制定的标准筛查超重与肥胖。采用间接竞争酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)测定血清BPA含量,采用直接化学发光法测定血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)含量,比较体重正常与超重或肥胖儿童的血清BPA及性激素水平。结果 176名调查儿童中,超重率为13.1%,肥胖率为2.9%,血清BPA检出率为68.0%,BPA中位数为2.16 ng/ml。BPA与各激素水平的关联均无统计学意义(P0.05)。调整混杂因素后,多因素logistic回归分析显示,BPA水平是超重或肥胖的危险因素(OR=2.150,95%CI:1.215~3.804),各性激素对超重或肥胖的影响均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与血清BPA水平较低(2.16 ng/ml)的儿童相比,BPA较高水平(2.16~6.13 ng/ml)的儿童发生超重或肥胖的风险为4.727倍,BPA更高水平(6.13 ng/ml)的儿童发生超重或肥胖的风险为3.595倍。结论南昌市近郊区儿童存在BPA暴露,且BPA暴露可能是儿童超重与肥胖的重要危险因素之一。     

Effects of occupational exposure to estrogen and progestogens and how to detect them

This report describes the health effects of occupational exposure during manufacturing processes that utilize synthetic estrogens and progestogens, and demonstrates the usefulness of various laboratory assays in identifying workers who have experienced actual hormone absorption. In late 1978 the health status of exposed and unexposed workers was compared by standardized questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory studies. A higher proportion of exposed than unexposed men gave histories of breast swelling (p less than .0001), nodules (p = .0003), and nipple discharge (p = .037). Physical examination showed no significant differences between groups. Exposed and unexposed workers showed no clinically significant differences on any routine laboratory studies. Hormone studies revealed significantly lower natural total serum estrogen levels in exposed men and women. Serum norethindrone levels were useful in identifying workers with hormone exposure in their recent past. Hormone exposure continued to cause physiologic disturbances during the period studied despite efforts to control exposure. Measuring blood norethindrone levels may be a valuable way of identifying exposed workers.     

环氧树脂厂工人双酚A接触水平调查

[目的]评估树脂厂工人双酚A接触水平,为下一步建立剂量反应关系作基础。[方法]2010年选择某树脂厂,在对现场生产工艺流程、设备等的调查基础上,进行定点及个体空气采样,并收集154名工人班前尿及班后尿,酶解检测总双酚A水平;另收集当地无明确双酚A源水厂的109名工人尿样作为生物监测的对照组。[结果]树脂厂96.5%的空气样品测出双酚A。树脂厂工人班前尿与班后尿肌酐校正总双酚A水平中位数分别为11.31、16.17μg/g,班后尿水平高于班前尿水平（P〈0.05）。对照组肌酐校正水平中位数分别为2.96、2.56μg/g,明显低于树脂厂工人的检测值（P〈0.001）,其单侧95%上限分别为19.05、28.84μg/g。[结论]树脂厂工人双酚A接触水平高,有必要采取措施控制接触水平。     

Associations Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A,F, and S in 6-Year-old Children in Korea

ObjectivesBisphenol A (BPA) is used in the electrical, mechanical, medical, and food industries. Previous studies have suggested that BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Regulation of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). However, few studies have investigated the associations of BPF and BPS with thyroid dysfunction in children. Our study investigated the associations of prenatal BPA and early childhood BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure with thyroid function in 6-year-old children.MethodsPrenatal BPA concentrations were measured during the second trimester of pregnancy in an established prospective birth cohort. We measured urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations and thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone, total T₃, and free T₄) in 6-year-old children (n=574). We examined the associations between urinary bisphenol concentrations and percentage change of thyroid hormone concentrations using multivariate linear regression. We also compared thyroid hormone levels by dividing the cohort according to BPA, BPF, and BPS concentrations.ResultsThe associations between prenatal BPA and total T₃ levels were statistically significant in all models, except for girls when using a crude model. The associations between urinary BPA and BPS concentrations and levels of all thyroid hormones were not statistically significant. However, we observed that lower free T₄ levels (−1.94%; 95% confidence interval, −3.82 to −0.03) were associated with higher urinary BPF concentrations in girls only.ConclusionsOur findings identified significant associations between prenatal BPA exposure and total T₃ levels in all children and between BPF exposure and free T₄ levels in girls only.     

Are Environmental Levels of Bisphenol A Associated with Reproductive Function in Fertile Men?

Background

Rodent and in vitro studies have demonstrated the estrogenicity of bisphenol A (BPA). However, few studies have examined the relationship between human exposure to BPA and male reproductive function.

Objectives

We investigated the relationships between environmental BPA exposure and reproductive parameters, including semen quality and male reproductive hormones, in prospectively recruited fertile men.

Methods

Participants (n = 375) were partners of pregnant women who participated in the Study for Future Families in four U.S. cities, and all of the men provided blood, semen, and urine samples. BPA was measured in urine. Serum samples were analyzed for reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, inhibin B, estradiol, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), as well as the free androgen index (FAI). Semen analyses were performed according to World Health Organization criteria. Pearson correlations were used for unadjusted analyses, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine associations controlling for age, body mass index, smoking, ethnicity, urinary creatinine concentration, time of sample collection, and duration of abstinence.

Results

After multivariate adjustment, we observed no significant associations between any semen parameter and urinary BPA concentration. However, a significant inverse association was found between urinary BPA concentration and FAI levels and the FAI/LH ratio, as well as a significant positive association between BPA and SHBG.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that, in fertile men, exposure to low environmental levels of BPA may be associated with a modest reduction in markers of free testosterone, but any effects on reproductive function are likely to be small, and of uncertain clinical significance.     

Perinatal exposure to low doses of bisphenol A affects body weight, patterns of estrous cyclicity, and plasma LH levels

The nonsteroidal estrogenic compound bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and resins. BPA may be ingested by humans as it reportedly leaches from the lining of tin cans into foods, from dental sealants into saliva, and from polycarbonate bottles into their contents. Because BPA is weakly estrogenic--approximately 10,000-fold less potent than 17beta-estradiol--current environmental exposure levels have been considered orders of magnitude below the dose required for adverse effects on health. Herein we demonstrate measurable effects on the offspring of Sprague-Dawley female rats that were exposed, via their drinking water, to approximately 0.1 mg BPA/kg body weight (bw)/day (low dose) or 1.2 mg BPA/kg bw/day (high dose) from day 6 of pregnancy through the period of lactation. Offspring exposed to BPA exhibited an increase in body weight that was apparent soon after birth and continued into adulthood. In addition, female offspring exposed perinatally to the high dose of BPA exhibited altered patterns of estrous cyclicity and decreased levels of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) in adulthood. Administration of neither the doses of BPA that caused effects during perinatal exposure nor a 10-fold higher dose was able to evoke a uterotropic response in ovariectomized postpubertal females. These data indicate an increased sensitivity to BPA during the perinatal period and suggest the need for careful evaluation of the current levels of exposure to this compound.     

双酚A暴露水平与学龄期女童特发性性早熟风险之间的关系

目的 分析学龄女童接触双酚A(BPA)与特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)之间的关系,为预防女童特发性性早熟提供依据。方法 选取2016年7月-2018年9月于扬州大学附属医院就诊且被诊断为ICPP的110例6～9岁女童为研究对象。根据女童的年龄和体重指数(BMI)相匹配,选取110名健康女童作为对照组。检测所有女童尿BPA浓度,并测试其与ICPP风险的关系。实验室检查包括血清雌二醇(E2)水平,基础和促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)刺激的促黄体激素(LH),促卵泡激素(FSH)水平,骨龄(BA),子宫和卵巢大小。结果 ICPP组和对照组的尿BPA中位数浓度分别为6.25 μg/g Cr和1.07 μg/g Cr(Z=-3.845,P<0.001)。调整混杂因素后,与BPA浓度最低的女童相比,最高浓度女童ICPP风险是其9.07倍(OR=9.07,95％CI:2.82～29.14) 。在ICPP组中,尿BPA浓度与FSH基础水平(r=-0.235,P=0.005)或FSH峰值水平(r=-0.171,P=0.044)呈负相关。结论 BPA暴露与学龄女童ICPP风险升高有关,潜在的机制可能归因于相对较低的FSH水平。