高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中的淫羊藿苷

淫羊藿 (ｅｐｉｍｅｄｉｕｍｇｒａｎｄｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ)为小檗科植物 ,其茎叶为我国常用中药 ,具有补肾阳 ,强筋骨 ,祛风湿的功效。现代药理学研究表明 ,淫羊藿具有多方面的生物学活性 ,对内分泌系统 ,心血管系统和蛋白质合成及核酸代谢的作用尤为显著 ,其有效成分淫羊藿苷 (ｉｃａｒｉｉｎｅ)的心血管活性 ,已得到了中医药学界的肯定和重视[1,2 ] 。据文献报道 ,淫羊藿苷的测定常采用高效液相色谱法 (ＨＰＬＣ)法和薄层层析法。薄层层析法操作繁琐 ,往往只能半定量。采用ＨＰＬＣ法测定药物中的淫羊藿苷已有报道 ,但用于保健食品功效成分中…     

淫羊藿制备过程的淫羊藿苷动态含量变化研究

淫羊藿提取物的制备现主要采用一定浓度的乙醇回流法或水提醇沉法,我们尝试采用高效低温提取进行提取物制备全过程的淫羊藿苷含量动态变化规律研究,冀以发现工艺过程中的关键控制点及控制方法.     

淫羊藿苷酸法水解工艺的研究

目的与方法:利用化学方法制备淫羊藿苷元。通过单因素和正交试验得到淫羊藿糖苷酸法水解为淫羊藿苷元的最佳工艺条件。结果与结论:结果表明:影响淫羊藿糖苷酸水解的因素从大到小依次为酸浓度、水解温度、水解时间。最佳工艺条件为硫酸的浓度为5mol/L,水解温度为90℃,水解时间72h,酸法水解率为80%。     

3种黔产淫羊藿微量元素的含量测定

用原子吸收分光光度法分别测定了 3种黔产淫羊藿中 1 0种微量元素的含量。实验结果表明 :黔产箭叶淫羊藿、粗毛淫羊藿、黔岭淫羊藿中均含有所测的 1 0种元素 ;作为广布种之一 ,黔岭淫羊藿以其所含微量元素的种类和含量表明 ,该品种的药用价值似应予以肯定。     

助肾阳祛风湿良药——淫羊藿

淫羊藿,又名仙灵脾、放伏草、牛角花、干鸡筋、三枝九叶草等,为蘖科多年生草木植物淫羊藿及同属其他植物的全草,以梗少、色黄绿、不破碎者为佳。淫羊藿得名由来,古代名医陶弘景曾记述:四川北部有一种淫羊,以藿草为食,一日内交配百次而不衰,因此,藿草便由此得名“淫羊藿”。中医受此启发,认为其性辛甘温,入肝肾二经,具有温肾助阳,祛风除湿之功效。通过动物实验证实,该药能促进精液分泌、增加性欲,并使动物交尾力亢进。另有人报道,淫羊藿的提取液具有雄性激素样作用,其效力胜于蛤蚧、海马。明·李时珍《本草纲目》称淫羊藿“能益精气,乃手足阳…     

淫羊藿对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

研究了淫羊藿（ＥＭ）对正常小鼠及受环磷酰胺损伤免疫系统的小鼠的免疫调节作用。结果表明：淫羊藿组的Ｔ淋巴细胞的α－ＡＮＡＥ阳性率、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率、吞噬指数明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而淫羊藿＋环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）组的以上指数均恢复至正常水平；胸、脾指数和迟发型超敏反应在ＥＭ＋ＣＰ组有一定程度升高，但不能恢复至正常水平。     

淫羊藿炮制前后锌锰铜含量比较

淫羊藿炮制前后锌锰铜含量比较邹桂欣，翟宁（辽宁省中医研究院沈阳１１００３１）淫羊藿是中医常用补肾中药，临床应用多以羊脂炒炮制品入药。有资料表明，微量元素锌、锰、铜是其补肾功能的主成份之一［１］，它们与阴虚、阳虚有着密切关系［２］。但炮制前后淫羊藿中微...     

微波辅助提取淫羊藿苷的中试研究

目的:在连续式微波辅助提取中试装置内,对影响淫羊藿苷提取率的因素进行研究,并获得最佳工艺条件.方法:采用正交实验的方法/因素为磁控管阳极电流、液固比、微波辅助辐射时间.结果:淫羊藿苷的最佳工艺条件是微波辅助辐射时间助提取时间1.5h,液固比2000/15,磁控管阳极电流0.7A.在此条件下淫羊藿的提取率为91.59%～92.65%.结论:此法优于传统水提法.磁控管阳极电流、液固比、微波辅助辐射时间对淫羊藿苷提取率有高度显著影响,应注意控制.     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中大豆甙及淫羊藿甙

据研究表明,从大豆中提取的大豆异黄酮,能防治癌症和冠心病[1].大豆甙仅是大豆异黄酮中的一种.淫羊藿甙对肾、心血管系统和神经系统具有广泛的药理功效.现代研究表明:淫羊藿提取物具有抑制破骨细胞活性,同时促进成骨细胞生成的功能,使钙化骨形成增加.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中淫羊藿甙

保键食品是一种新型的食品,因为保键食品中含有对人体有益的生物活性物质,通过调节人体机能达到促进健康的目的.目前市场上多种以淫羊藿甙为主要功能因子的保键食品、中药及其制刑中淫羊藿甙的测定方法已有许多报道,目前常用的有紫外分光光度计[1],薄层色谱法[2],高效液相色谱法[3]及毛细管电泳法[4],但针对保键食品功效成分淫羊藿甙的测定,目前,尚无国家标准检测方法.产品质量的好坏,直接影响到消费者的利益.为此,本文采用反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定淫羊藿甙的含量.     

氟对雄性大鼠生殖系统的内分泌干扰作用研究

目的　探讨高氟对雄性大鼠生殖系统的内分泌干扰作用。方法　给予雄性Wister大鼠含氟化钠 15 0mg/l的水 10周后 ,检测其精子计数、活动率、畸形率 ,测定睾丸、附睾生化标志酶和性激素 ,观察睾丸组织病理改变。结果　染毒组精子计数、活动率下降 ,畸形率升高 ,血清睾酮、促黄体生成激素下降 ,较对照组差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,睾丸组织有明显的病理学改变。结论　长期接触高浓度的氟对雄性生殖系统有明显的内分泌干扰作用     

Icariin protects murine chondrocytes from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix degradation

Septic arthritis is an inflammatory arthropathy characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Icariin, the main active flavonoid glucoside isolated from Epimedium pubescens, is used as antirheumatics (or antiinflammatory), tonics, and aphrodisiacs in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate the in vitro inflammatory response of chondrocytes during septic arthritis. Our hypothesis is that the icariin can protect chondrocytes from LPS-induced inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. The inflammation of neonatal mice chondrocytes was induced by LPS and the antiinflammatory effects were examined. The synthesis of nitric oxide was analyzed, whereas the titer of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen were measured and the gene expressions (including inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]–1, MMP-3, and MMP-13) were evaluated. The results showed that the viability of chondrocytes, extracellular matrix synthesis, was significantly decreased, whereas nitric oxide synthesis was significantly increased in the presence of 10⁻⁵ g/mL LPS. Icariin pretreatment can partially reverse these effects. The up-regulated expressions of MMP-1, 3, 13, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and iNOS genes by LPS treatment were also significantly down-regulated by the pretreatment of icariin to 1.8%, 0.056%, 7.7%, 3.1%, and 5.3% of the LPS-positive control sample, respectively. Our results demonstrate that icariin is a safe anabolic agent of chondrocytes. Icariin may exert its protective effects through inhibition of nitric oxide and MMP synthesis, and may then reduce the extracellular matrix destruction.     

壬基酚对仔鼠雄性生殖系统的影响

目的探讨宫内及哺乳期暴露壬基酚对雄性仔鼠生殖系统的影响.方法对28只受孕母鼠从受孕第1天开始灌胃染毒壬基酚(分别为0、50、100和200mg/kg体重),直至仔鼠娩出21d断奶后停止染毒,仔鼠于70日龄剖杀,测定与仔鼠生殖功能相关的各项指标.结果随着壬基酚染毒剂量的增加,70日龄雄性仔鼠的睾丸和前列腺的重量降低,睾丸重分别为2.86、2.98、2.59和2.44g;前列腺重分别为0.26、0.23、0.20和0.19g.每克睾丸日产精子数和每克附睾精子计数也随壬基酚剂量的增加而降低,每克睾丸日产精子数分别为22.46×106、18.46×106、17.43×106和17.26×106;附睾尾精子计数分别为46.85×106、39.74×106、35.57×106和31.36×106.雄性仔鼠包皮分离时间在高剂量组(47.83d)大于对照组(46.31d).结论宫内及哺乳期暴露于壬基酚可使雄性仔鼠睾丸生精功能降低,但睾丸无形态学变化.     

A review of the effect of pesticide formulations on male fertility

Experimental studies suggest that large numbers of chemicals, environmental and industrial pollutants affect the male reproductive system. At present, almost no information is available on the effects of these adverse agents on human reproduction. Recent reports, however, suggest that in the past 50 years male fertility has declined based on qualitative and quantitative measurements of normal sperm. This study identifies‐among the active ingredients and solvents included in pesticide formulations registered in Italy‐the chemical agents with experimental evidence of male reproductive toxicity. Documents produced by international agencies and organizations such as IARC, EPA, WHO, and original papers from the international literature were systematically reviewed. The results indicate that several pesticide products notified in the Italian Registry contain active ingredients and/or solvents severely affecting testicular function and sperm morphology in laboratory animals. Therefore, exposure to reproductive toxicants occurring among manufacturers and users of pesticide formulations registered in Italy suggest further epidemiologic surveys should be conducted in this area.     

Are sperm chromatin and DNA defects relevant in the clinic?

There has been an increase in the use of sperm DNA and chromatin integrity tests in the evaluation of the infertile man with the hypothesis that these tests may better diagnose infertility and predict reproductive outcomes. This review discusses the etiology of sperm DNA damage, briefly describing the tests of sperm DNA damage, and evaluates the relationship between sperm DNA damage and reproductive outcomes. A systematic review of the literature allows us to conclude that sperm DNA damage is associated with lower natural, intra-uterine insemination (IUI), and in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy rates. Studies to date have not shown a clear association between sperm DNA and chromatin defects and pregnancy outcomes after intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, we cannot exclude the possibility that very high levels of DNA damage will impact on ICSI outcomes. In couples undergoing IVF or ICSI, there is evidence to show that sperm DNA damage is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss. A limitation of this systematic review and meta-analysis is that it does not address the heterogeneity of the individual study characteristics. Although the clinical utility of tests of sperm DNA damage remains to be firmly established, the data suggest that there is clinical value in testing couples prior to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs IUI, IVF, and ICSI) and in those couples with recurrent miscarriages. Additional, well-designed prospective studies are needed before testing becomes a routine part of patient care.     

SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILITY DUE TO RETROGRADE EJACULATION USING ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: A REPORT OF TWO CASES

Although retrograde ejaculation is a relatively uncommon cause of infertility, it is nonetheless the most common cause of ejaculatory dysfunction. Retrograde ejaculation is characterized by either all or part of the seminal fluid going into the bladder. The initial management of patients with ejaculatory dysfunction is medical therapy. In couples who have failed medical therapy, assisted reproductive techniques using sperm harvested from either the urine or the male reproductive tract would be the ultimate option. We report successful management of two couples, both men with advanced age and complete retrograde ejaculation, by intrauterine insemination in one and in vitro fertilization (IVF) using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the other using sperm harvested from urine. The cases reported herein suggest that male infertility due to retrograde ejaculation may be successfully treated in men significantly older than the usual reproductive age and that traditional methods of hydration and urine alkalinization allow for the successful recovery of fertile sperm for ART. The selection of the method of ART must be individualized to the needs of each couple based upon both male and female factors.     

氰戊菊酯对雄性大鼠生殖系统的时间毒性

目的研究农药氰戊菊酯(Fen)对雄性生殖功能系统的时间毒性及机制。方法选择健康雄性SD大鼠49只,以光照起点时间定为ZT 0,将自然时间转换为授时时间(ZT)。将大鼠分为对照组和6个Fen染毒组。Fen染毒组:以mg/kg BW的灌胃剂量分别在ZT 02、ZT 06、ZT 10、ZT 14、ZT 18、ZT 22授时时间点给药,连续30d;对照组给予等量食用调和油。制作睾丸HE病理切片,测定每日精子生成量(DSP)、检测精子活率(LSR)、畸形率(ASR)及睾丸标志酶(ACP和γ-GT)活性,应用RIA法测定大鼠睾丸中的睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)水平。结果 (1)与对照组相比,Fen引起大鼠睾丸组织病理性改变,且在ZT 18时损伤最为严重;Fen降低了雄性大鼠每日精子生成量、精子活率、睾丸标志酶活性和睾酮含量,增加了雌二醇含量和精子畸形率。(2)Fen引起大鼠雄性生殖指标每日精子生成量、精子活率、睾丸磷酸酶活性的变化具有昼夜节律性,其敏感时间点分别为:ZT 04、ZT 14、ZT 23。结论 Fen对雄性生殖指标具有毒性并在每日精子生成量、精子活率、睾丸磷酸酶活性中表现出一定的昼夜时间节律性。     

Sperm and testis mediated DNA transfer as a means of gene therapy

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have revolutionized the treatment of infertility. However, many types of infertility may still not be addressable by ART. With recent successes in identifying many of the genetic factors responsible for male infertility and the future prospect of whole individual human genome sequencing to identify disease causing genes, the possible use of gene therapy for treating infertility deserves serious consideration. Gene therapy in the sperm and testis offers both opportunities and obstacles. The opportunities stem from the fact that numerous different approaches have been developed for introducing transgenes into the sperm and testis, mainly because of the interest in using sperm mediated gene transfer and testis mediated gene transfer as ways to generate transgenic animals. The obstacles arise from the fact that it may be very difficult to carry out gene therapy of the testis and sperm without also affecting the germline. Here we consider new developments in both sperm and testis mediated gene transfer, including the use of viral vectors, as well as the technical and ethical challenges facing those who would seek to use these approaches for gene therapy as a way to treat male infertility.     

Sperm and testis mediated DNA transfer as a means of gene therapy

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have revolutionized the treatment of infertility. However, many types of infertility may still not be addressable by ART. With recent successes in identifying many of the genetic factors responsible for male infertility and the future prospect of whole individual human genome sequencing to identify disease causing genes, the possible use of gene therapy for treating infertility deserves serious consideration. Gene therapy in the sperm and testis offers both opportunities and obstacles. The opportunities stem from the fact that numerous different approaches have been developed for introducing transgenes into the sperm and testis, mainly because of the interest in using sperm mediated gene transfer and testis mediated gene transfer as ways to generate transgenic animals. The obstacles arise from the fact that it may be very difficult to carry out gene therapy of the testis and sperm without also affecting the germline. Here we consider new developments in both sperm and testis mediated gene transfer, including the use of viral vectors, as well as the technical and ethical challenges facing those who would seek to use these approaches for gene therapy as a way to treat male infertility.     

硒对氟致雄性大鼠生殖内分泌干扰的拮抗研究

目的　探讨硒对高氟所致雄性大鼠生殖损害的拮抗作用。方法　通过饮水加氟、加硒的方法 ,观察氟、硒对大鼠精子和睾丸、附睾的组织结构 ,生化标志酶及性激素的影响。结果　氟可使大鼠精子计数、活动率下降 ,畸形率升高 ,生化标志酶、性激素水平下降 ,并导致组织病理学改变。给氟的同时给予硒可使上述指标变化减小 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　硒可以拮抗高氟的雄性生殖毒性 ,尤以中等剂量硒效果最好