医院资产租赁的形式及核算

按现行政策，国家不允许公立医院内部形成产权主体多元化，其目的是堵住不规范融资渠道。非营利性医院不能采取股权融资和内部集资的融资方式。然而，公立医院发展毕竞需要一部分可支撑的资金，这部分资金从哪里来?经营租赁和融资租赁是政策允许又容易操作的一种筹集社会资本的有效方式。为此，笔者对医院资产租赁的形式、特点、核算方法做了研     

公立医院融资租赁配置大型医疗设备的效应分析和政策研究

用文献综述和关键人物访谈的方法,从宏观卫生管理角度对我国公立医院融资租赁方式配置大型医疗设备的效应进行分析和归纳,在此基础上总结和提出政策建议.卫生行政部门需要调整政策并制定相关法规,对医院配置大型医疗设备的方式进行规定和引导.     

社会资本进入公立医院政策演进分析

目的对我国公立医院利用社会资本的有关政策进行阐述和分析。方法基于国内公立医院发展现况,通过个案调查、访谈、文献查阅等形式,对公立医院的融资过程进行政策分析。结果公立医院对社会资本引入的尝试,已形成了一些具有若干特点的融资模式,如银行贷款、融资租赁、慈善捐赠等。结论我国公立医院为实现可持续发展,多渠道引入社会资本已经成为必然的发展趋势。但从整体上讲,还未形成满足各种社会资本状况的政策体系。     

医疗设备融资租赁的探讨

目前,医疗设备融资租赁业务越来越多的被医院所采用,从医疗设备租赁的方式、操作办法和租赁过程中的注意事项等角度出发,对医疗设备融资租赁问题进行了探讨。     

对我国开展医疗设备融资租赁的分析

本文阐明了融资租赁的基本概念与特点;分析了国内外医疗设备融资租赁的现状;指出我国医疗设备租赁与西方发达国家相比,还没有发挥其应有的作用;最后,从开展融资租赁的法律、法规和经济学角度,以及我国医院的经济现状,阐明了我国开展医疗设备租赁的必要性和可行性。     

公立医院利用社会资本的实证分析

由于我国各地经济发展水平不同,社会资本进入公立医院的实际情况和融资水平存在差异,不同城市出台的公立医院融资政策亦具有一定的差别。基于公立医院发展状况,现通过个案调查、关键知情人访谈等形式,对不同地区医院的融资情况进行调研,从实证角度明确当前公立医院融资现况及相关问题。     

公立医院医疗设备融资租赁中的问题与对策

论述了融资租赁的基本概念及特点，结合国内医疗设备租赁的实际情况，对公立医院医疗设备融资性租赁的优势进行了深入分析，在指出其存在问题的同时，提出了解决途径，以期提高医疗产业的整体竞争力，实现医疗设备资源的合理利用。     

我国公立医院债务融资的现状、成因和治理策略

公立医院债务融资是当前深化公立医院管理体制改革中一个迫切需要研究的问题.本文根据债务融资理论与原理,分析我国公立医院债务融资的现状,在讨论其产生原因的基础上上,从完善对公立医院的投入和监管机制、控制负债规模、保持合理的负债结构、拓宽公立医院投融资渠道、实施对外业绩信息发布制度、建立明晰的领导任期内经济责任制等方面提出了完善公立医院债务融资的政策建议.     

鼓励社会资本投入，政府应设计优惠回报政策

政府应该鼓励社会资本和公立医院采取融资租赁、收购兼并、托管代理、连锁经营、特许经营、合伙搭台唱戏（一个戏院两套班子，票房班子和戏班子，既合伙经营，又分别核算，公平合理）等模式实现公私合作合伙合资合营。     

公立医院不触动产权的几种筹资模式

社会资本将资产或设备“租赁”给公立医院 租赁分为经营租赁和融资租赁。融资租赁是指转移与一项资产所有权有关的全部风险和报酬的一种租赁，租赁期较长，一般在租赁期满后，资产的产权归承租方。这种方式实际上是一种变相的分期付款购买固定资产的形式。经营租赁是指与一项资产所有权有关的风险和报酬并没转移的租赁。发生租赁费直接记入有关费用，租人的固定资产不作为自有资产入账，租入的固定资产由出租方提取折扣。其中融资租赁也属于项目融资的一种手段。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.