上海地区基因Ⅳ型戊型肝炎病毒基因变异分析

戊型肝炎(戊肝)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性传染性疾病,经粪-口途径传播.目前国际上将HEV主要划分为4个基因型[1].该病毒可引起散发,也能引起暴发流行.我国新疆1986-1988年曾发生戊肝暴发流行,为水源性传播,经研究证实为基因I型HEV[2].近年我国戊肝患者有持续上升趋势,在我国14个省市的戊肝患者血清中分离出基因Ⅳ型HEV,上海市在散发急性戊肝患者中分离的HEV亦属于Ⅳ型[3-4].     

上海地区基因Ⅳ型戊型肝炎病毒基因变异分析

戊型肝炎(戊肝)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性传染性疾病,经粪-口途径传播.目前国际上将HEV主要划分为4个基因型[1].该病毒可引起散发,也能引起暴发流行.我国新疆1986-1988年曾发生戊肝暴发流行,为水源性传播,经研究证实为基因I型HEV[2].近年我国戊肝患者有持续上升趋势,在我国14个省市的戊肝患者血清中分离出基因Ⅳ型HEV,上海市在散发急性戊肝患者中分离的HEV亦属于Ⅳ型[3-4].     

上海地区基因Ⅳ型戊型肝炎病毒基因变异分析

戊型肝炎(戊肝)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性传染性疾病,经粪-口途径传播.目前国际上将HEV主要划分为4个基因型[1].该病毒可引起散发,也能引起暴发流行.我国新疆1986-1988年曾发生戊肝暴发流行,为水源性传播,经研究证实为基因I型HEV[2].近年我国戊肝患者有持续上升趋势,在我国14个省市的戊肝患者血清中分离出基因Ⅳ型HEV,上海市在散发急性戊肝患者中分离的HEV亦属于Ⅳ型[3-4].     

戊型肝炎流行病学及治疗进展

戊型肝炎 (hepatitis E)是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性病毒性肝炎,主要经粪口途径传播,也有经输血传播的报道[1].HEV目前主要有7个基因型(HEV1～7)[2],其中HEV1～4与人类疾病关系最为密切.HEV1和HEV2只感染人,主要流行于卫生条件较差的发展中国家,常因水源被污染而造成大规模流行.发达国家以人畜共患的HEV3和HEV4感染引起的散发病例为主,多由摄入未煮熟的被HEV污染的动物肉类引起[1].     

中国戊型肝炎病毒4型的流行病学、分子生物学和家畜感染研究

项目名称:戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因工程疫苗的研制项目来源:国家高科技“863”计划资助项目(2001AA215421)国家科委重大专项课题(2002AA2Z3342)、人事部回国人员基金资助项目项目负责人:王佑春(100050北京,中国药品生物制品检定所)起止时间:2001～2003年项目获奖:北京市2002年度科技进步二等奖戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV)是肠道传播性非甲非乙型肝炎的主要病原 ,主要经污染的水源传播 ,也可通过食物传播。该病毒既能引起大规模的爆发性流行 ,也可引起急性散发性肝炎。我国为HEV的流行区 ,该病毒曾在新疆发生流行 ,约有1 0万余人感染[1 ] ;在我国…     

新疆猪戊型肝炎病毒株CHN-XJ-SW33全基因组序列分析

目的测定从新疆南部地区分离的猪戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)株全基因组序列,并在此基础上分析猪HEV与人源HEV的关系。方法设计HEV基因4型通用PCR引物,用逆转录巢式聚合酶链反应法(RT-nPCR)分段扩增猪HEV株CHN-XJ-SW33的全基因组序列;用cDNA末端快速扩增法(RACE)扩增其末端序列;对扩增的目的片段进行克隆测序,并对拼接后的基因组进行序列比对和进化分析。结果除3′poly(A)尾外,CHN-XJ-SW33基因组全长为7 238 nt,由3个开放读码框(ORF1-3)组成,分别编码1 706、674和114个氨基酸。CHN-XJ-SW33全基因组序列与HEV基因1-3型病毒株同源性仅为72.1%~74.9%,而与HEV基因4型病毒株同源性高达82.8%~95.5%,其中与日本人源中国输入型HEV株JKO-ChiSai98C同源性最高,为95.5%。基因进化分析显示,CHN-XJ-SW33属于HEV4a基因亚型。结论猪HEV与人HEV在全基因组核苷酸序列上高度同源,提示基因4型HEV可能由猪传染给人。     

2009年珠海市肠道病毒71型分子流行病学特征分析

目的分析2009年珠海市手足口病(HFMD)患者中,肠道病毒71型(HEV71)的分子流行病学特征。方法2009年1—10月采集珠海市各医院就诊的HFMD患者的粪便标本558份,经HEV71通用引物扩增分析,确定为HEV71阳性158份。选取其中HEV71阳性标本24份用RT-PCR扩增衣壳蛋白vp1全长基因,核苷酸序列测定并分析病毒遗传学特征。结果珠海市24例HEV71的vp1基因核苷酸序列的测定结果显示,所有核苷酸序列长度都是891bp,编码297个氨基酸。该24株HEV71全部属于C4基因亚型C4b进化分支,与C4基因型相比较核苷酸同源性在95.4%～98.9%之间,氨基酸同源性在99.3%～99.7%之间,与2008—2009年中国流行的HEV71同源性极高;但24株HEV71在vp1区的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为95.2%～100.0%和99.0%～100.0%,在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上存在一定差异;24例HEV71可划分为7条传播链,75%(18/24)流行株分布在其中的2条传播链,且这2条主要传播链只由珠海市HEV71分离株构成。结论2009年珠海市流行的HEV71属于C4基因亚型C4b进化分支,与中国2008—2009年流行的HEV71在基因亲缘关系和流行时间关系上都很接近,但珠海市HEV71流行株的基因特征存在其特殊性。     

HEV各种印度株对恒河猴的交叉感染研究

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是肠道传播的非甲非乙型肝炎(ET-NANBH)的主要病原因子,大约60％的印度散发性NANBH起因于HEV。研究各种流行株和散发株之间的免疫相关性或其基因同源性显然十分必要。动物模型的建立可以用来观察HEV实验感染后宿主对其他地方株产生的免疫应答。这方面的研究结合各种地方株的核苷酸序列分析,对确定HEV是否存在着不同毒株以及选择合适的毒株制备疫苗大有裨益。     

戊型肝炎疫苗研究最新进展

戊型肝炎是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的急性自限性疾病,一般不发展成慢性,但最新研究表明,在器官移植等免疫抑制人群中存在持续性HEV感染[1].HEV主要经粪口途径传播,也可经输血和母婴传播[2].HEV只有一个血清型,但其基因型主要有1～4型,基因1型和2型只感染人,而3型和4型既可感染人,也可感染多种动物.     

戊型病毒性肝炎诊疗规范

戊型病毒性肝炎(hepatitis E,以下简称"戊型肝炎")是由戊型肝炎病毒(hepatis E virus,HEV)感染导致的急性传染病,主要经消化道传播,是我国乙类法定传染病之一,常引起暴发流行,近年来散发病例持续上升[1-2].     

Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and sporadically also genotype 1 circulate in the population of Catalonia, Spain

Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains have been described infecting populations of industrialized countries, previously considered as non-endemic areas. The HEV strains circulating in one of those areas in south-western Europe (Barcelona, Spain) have been studied by analysing amplicons obtained from HEV genomes identified in wastewater, biosolids and sludge. Six sewage and two biosolid HEV positive samples from urban wastewater treatment plants and two positive HEV sludge samples with animal contamination were analysed by cloning and sequencing of 10–12 clones per sample. The results proved the presence of HEV strains belonging to genotype 3 and also sporadically to genotype 1 in urban sewage and biosolids, showing the simultaneous circulation of diverse HEV strains in the human population of the studied area. Only HEV genotype 3 was identified in slaughterhouse sludge samples. The circulation of genotype 1 in industrialized areas may have further health implications since this genotype has been associated with important epidemics in developing areas. Contamination of food and water through their contact with sewage not properly treated and biosolids presenting HEV may represent a significant risk for human populations in relation to HEV even in industrialized areas.     

Characterization of Full Genome of Rat Hepatitis E Virus Strain from Vietnam

We amplified the complete genome of the rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) Vietnam strain (V-105) and analyzed the nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The entire genome of V-105 shared only 76.8%–76.9% nucleotide sequence identities with rat HEV strains from Germany, which suggests that V-105 is a new genotype of rat HEV.     

Molecular epidemiology and genetic history of European-type genotype 3 hepatitis E virus indigenized in the central region of Japan

In Mie prefecture in Japan, 12 cases of sporadic hepatitis E occurred from 2004 to 2011. Mie prefecture is located in the central region of Japan, far from the most prevalent regions of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Japan, the north and northeastern part. These 12 cases did not have any common risk factors of HEV infection. We analyzed the molecular epidemiology of the cases in Mie prefecture. We obtained the nucleotide sequences of the HEV strains and analyzed them with the sequences of other HEV strains by phylogenetic and coalescent analyses. Japan-indigenous genotype 3 HEV strains were divided into two major subtypes, namely, 3a and 3b; one minor subtype, 3e; and a few other unassigned lineages. The Japan-indigenous subtype 3e strains were closely related to European subtype 3e HEV strains and were comparatively rare in Japan; however, eight strains of the 12 cases we examined belonged to subtype 3e, indicating a close phylogenetic relationship, despite the lack of common risk factors. Coalescent analyses indicated that the Mie 3e strains seemed to have intruded into Mie prefecture about 10 years ago. Sporadic acute hepatitis E cases caused by the 3e strains occurred consistently from 2004 to 2011 in Mie prefecture. This is the first report of unexpected persistent occurrence of hepatitis by the European-type genotype 3 HEV, subtype 3e, in a country outside of Europe. Phylogenetic and coalescent analyses traced the history of the indigenization of the Mie 3e strains from Europe. Because hepatitis E cases caused by 3e strains are relatively rare in Japan, molecular evolutionary analyses of HEV infection in Mie prefecture is important for preventing a future hepatitis endemic or epidemic by 3e strains in Japan.     

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4 Outbreak,Italy, 2011

During 2011, 5 persons in the area of Lazio, Italy were infected with a monophyletic strain of hepatitis E virus that showed high sequence homology with isolates from swine in China. Detection of this genotype in Italy parallels findings in other countries in Europe, signaling the possible spread of strains new to Western countries.     

Complete Genome of Hepatitis E Virus from Laboratory Ferrets

The complete genome of hepatitis E virus (HEV) from laboratory ferrets imported from the United States was identified. This virus shared only 82.4%–82.5% nt sequence identities with strains from the Netherlands, which indicated that the ferret HEV genome is genetically diverse. Some laboratory ferrets were contaminated with HEV.     

Hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for major outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries where it was first described as a waterborne disease, transmitted by drinking water contaminated with feces. Attention was focused on HEV in developed countries and its associated diseases in recent years as a result of increasing reports of autochthonous infections. Hepatitis E is the zoonotic cause of these acute infections, and mainly in men over 50 years of age. The clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities of hepatitis E infections in immunocompetent patients cannot be distinguished from those caused by other hepatitis viruses. HEV is a major public health concern in immunocompromised patients because their infections can become chronic. The specific etiology of cases of hepatitis E infection can be diagnosed by serological testing and detecting viral RNA. Ribavirin is currently the reference treatment for HEV infections in immunocompromised patients. Several vaccines have proved safe and effective in clinical trials, but none have been approved for use in Europe yet.     

Analysis of Avian Hepatitis E Virus from Chickens, China

Avian hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been identified in chickens; however, only 4 complete or near-complete genomic sequences have been reported. We found that the near-complete genomic sequence of avian HEV in chickens from China shared the highest identity (98.3%) with avian HEV from Europe and belonged to avian HEV genotype 3.     

Hepatitis E virus in domestic pigs and surface waters in Slovenia: Prevalence and molecular characterization of a novel genotype 3 lineage

A novel hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 lineage was identified in Slovenian pig herds. Stool samples from six Slovenian pig farms were collected and tested for the presence of HEV RNA. Of 85 individual samples 15 (20.3%) were positive for HEV RNA of which 2/38 (5.3%), 6/21 (28.6%) and 7/26 (26.9%) were from suckling, weanling and fattening pigs, respectively. Additionally, 51 pooled porcine stool samples were tested in one of the biggest pig farm and the estimated infection rate of individual pig was calculated, resulting in 7.8%, 10.6% and 24.2% for suckling, weanling and fattening pigs, respectively. The majority of HEV positive porcine samples were from the same pig farm. Out of 17 Slovenian patients with confirmed recent hepatitis E in the period 1999–2011, the serum samples of 10 patients were tested and 3 samples turned out to be HEV RNA positive. Furthermore, 60 surface water samples were tested throughout the country, of which 2 (3.3%) were positive for HEV RNA, one of them in the near vicinity of a pig farm. All HEV strains were analysed at 5’ ORF1 and 5’ ORF2 regions and both genome regions confirmed that Slovenian HEV strains represent a distinct genotype 3 lineage, diverse from all other genotype 3 lineages available in GenBank and described in the literature to date. All but one HEV strains detected in pigs in Slovenia represent a monophyletic branch in phylogenetic trees, with a high degree of sequence identity. One human HEV strain belonged to genotype 1 and two to genotype 3 but did not match the new genotype 3 lineage detected in Slovenian pig herds.