童年期虐待经历与青少年生活满意度的相关性研究

目的探讨青少年童年期不良经历与生活满意度的关系，为成年期生活满意度的提高提供早期防控资料。方法采用无记名问卷调查青少年的人口统计学特征、童年期虐待经历、生活满意度等内容。调查对象来自郎溪县某农村中学的2082名中学生。结果青少年童年期反复重度躯体虐待、反复中度躯体虐待和反复情感虐待的报告率分别为12．2％，66．3％和50．3％。不同年龄、年级和自评学习成绩的学生生活满意度各维度评分差异均有统计学意义。3种虐待经历是家庭满意度、学校满意度、总体生活满意度降低的危险因素，童年期反复中度躯体虐待、反复情感虐待是朋友满意度、住所满意度降低的危险因素。结论童年期反复躯体虐待和反复情感虐待经历是青少年生活满意度的重要负性影响因素。     

童年期虐待与青少年自我伤害行为关系

目的 探讨童年期不良经历与青少年自我伤害行为的关系.方法 在安徽省4个县各方便抽取4个中学,每所中学分别在初一至高三每个年级随机整群抽取1～2个班级,按照自愿参加的原则对学生进行匿名问卷调查.共获得有效问卷10 894份.结果 童年期反复重度躯体虐待报告率为8.5%;反复中度躯体虐待报告率为23.6%;反复情感虐待的报告率为20.4%.青少年总体自伤报告率为22.3%,自伤的报告率与3种童年期反复虐待的经历呈相关趋势,童年期3种虐待经历是青少年自我伤害行为发生的危险因素.结果 不同类别和程度的童年期反复躯体虐待和反复情感虐待经历对青少年自我伤害行为产生负性影响.     

童年期虐待经历与初中生伤害和暴力的相关性研究

目的 探讨童年期虐待经历与初中生伤害和暴力的关系. 方法 对3所乡镇普通初级中学1 417名初中生应用自编青少年健康相关行为问卷进行调查,其中包括童年期虐待经历问卷、伤害与暴力问卷等相关问卷. 结果 男生在携带刀具、打架、自杀行动中人数高于女生,在自伤行为中低于女生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着学习成绩从差、一般到好,其携带刀具、打架和自杀计划的报告率逐渐下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着与母亲关系从差、一般到好,其伤害和暴力的报告率均逐渐下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).除反复中度虐待中自杀计划的报告率外,其他童年期反复遭受各类虐待的初中生其伤害和暴力的报告率高于没有遭受反复虐待的初中生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).非条件logistic回归分析表明,除反复中度虐待不是自杀行动的危险因素外,反复重度虐待、反复中度虐待、反复情感虐待、反复接触性虐待和反复非接触性虐待均是携带刀具、打架、自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀行动和自伤行为发生的危险因素. 结论 童年期反复虐待经历与初中生伤害和暴力的发生有关,是伤害和暴力发生的危险因素.     

童年期虐待与青少年不良饮食心理行为的研究

目的了解童年期虐待对青少年不良饮食心理行为的影响.方法采用问卷调查方式.在安徽省2个地区整群选取9所中学的5141名学生进行童年期虐待和青少年不良饮食心理行为的调查.结果童年期重度躯体虐待、中度躯体虐待、精神虐待、身体接触性性虐待和非身体接触性性虐待发生率分别为29.9%、64.8%、51.4%、5.3%和24.5%.初中、高中和职高男生童年期的重度躯体虐待、非身体接触性性虐待和身体接触性性虐待发生率均高于女生,差异有统计学意义;总体上,女生（53.1%）童年期精神虐待发生率高于男生（49.8%）,差异有统计学意义（x2=5.484,P＜ 0.05）.初中学生5种类型虐待的发生率相对较低,高中学生的中度躯体虐待和精神虐待发生率相对较高.在初中、高中和职高学生11种不良饮食心理行为中,有9种发生率女生高于男生,差异有统计学意义.多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,童年期虐待是11种青少年不良饮食心理行为的危险因素.结论童年期虐待对青少年的饮食行为产生负面影响.     

童年期虐待经历与初中生孤独感的关系

目的 研究童年期虐待经历与初中生孤独感发生的关系. 方法 采用回顾性调查方法,使用自编青少年健康相关行为问卷,对安徽省、霍邱县3所中学共1 417人进行整群抽样调查. 结果 随着年级的升高,孤独感高分组的检出率呈现上升趋势,非独生子女孤独感高分组所占比例较高,随着与母亲关系的融洽,青少年孤独感高分组所占比例呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).童年期遭受过反复中度躯体虐待、情感虐待、非接触性性虐待的初中生其孤独感的高分组的检出率均高于没有遭受过虐待的初中生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).多元logistic回归分析表明,童年期反复情感虐待是初中生孤独感中等分组的危险因素；童年期反复中度躯体虐待、反复接触性性虐及反复非接触性性虐均是初中生孤独感高分组发生的危险因素(P＜0.05). 结论 童年期反复虐待与初中生孤独感的发生密切相关.     

童年期虐待与初中生抑郁症状关系

目的 探讨童年期虐待经历与初中生抑郁症状的关系.方法 整群抽取安徽省霍邱县3所乡镇普通初级中学的1 417名初中生,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、自编童年期虐待经历问卷和自编一般情况调查表进行问卷调查.结果 1 417名初中生中抑郁症状的检出率为61.3％,女生(66.7％)高于男生(56.6％),初二年级(64.4％)高于初一(62.4％)和初三年级(56.7％),非独生子女(63.5％)高于独生子女(54.9％),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.001);与父母的关系从差、一般到亲密,学习成绩从差、中等到好,初中生抑郁症状的检出率均逐渐下降,差异均有统计学意义(均P ＜0.001);童年期遭受各种类型反复虐待的初中生抑郁症状的检出率均高于未遭受反复虐待者,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.001);多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,童年期遭受反复重度躯体虐待、反复中度躯体虐待、反复情感虐待、反复接触性性虐待和反复非接触性性虐待的初中生抑郁症状发生的危险性分别是未遭受上述虐待的1.989(OR=1.989)、1.436(OR=1.436)、1.698(OR=1.698)、2.834(OR=2.834)和2.235倍(OR=2.235).结论 童年期遭受反复虐待是青少年抑郁症状的危险因素.     

青少年童年期虐待与忽视对不良心理行为的影响

探究不同类型童年期虐待与忽视共存对青少年不良心理行为(抑郁症状、自伤行为、自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备、自杀未遂)的影响,为开展相应人群的心理干预与辅导提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,对安徽省3市(铜陵市、阜阳市、滁州市),共计5 726名中学生进行问卷调查.使用自编问卷调查研究对象童年期虐待与忽视、抑郁症状、自伤行为、自杀相关心理行为等的发生情况.采用两步聚类分析对青少年遭受童年期虐待的情况进行分类,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析童年期虐待与忽视对青少年不良心理行为的影响.结果 青少年童年期虐待与忽视情况可分为3类:第一类为未受虐待和忽视,共2 763人(48.3%);第二类为轻度虐待和忽视,共2 356人(41.1%);第三类为中重度虐待和忽视,共607人(10.6%).童年期遭受轻度和中重度虐待与忽视的青少年抑郁症状、自伤行为、自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备和自杀未遂的报告率均高于未遭受虐待与忽视者(P值均<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,童年期遭受轻度和中重度虐待与忽视均是青少年抑郁症状、自伤行为、自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备和自杀未遂的危险因素(P值均<0.05).结论 两步聚类分析方法能对青少年童年期虐待与忽视进行准确分类;童年期虐待与忽视共存是青少年多种不良心理行为的危险因素.     

童年期目睹家庭暴力与大学生自伤和暴力行为的关联

目的了解大学生童年期目睹家庭暴力的发生状况及其与大学生自伤和暴力行为的关系,为儿童青少年身心健康相关研究提供参考。方法于2018年10月采用自编"安徽省大学生健康相关行为问卷"对合肥市4所高校4 034名大学生进行调查,多因素Logistic回归分析用于探讨童年期目睹不同类型家庭暴力对大学生自伤和暴力行为的影响。结果大学生童年期目睹家庭情感暴力、轻度躯体暴力、重度躯体暴力的报告率分别为27. 6%,22. 4%,10. 7%。单因素分析显示,童年期有目睹家庭轻度躯体暴力、重度躯体暴力和情感暴力大学生自伤行为、躯体暴力、情感暴力和性暴力的报告率均高于童年期无目睹家庭暴力的大学生,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0. 05)。多因素Logistic回归分析(控制混杂因素)显示,童年期目睹父母间重度躯体暴力和情感暴力是大学生自伤行为(OR=1. 53,95%CI=1. 05~2. 23;OR=2. 15,95%CI=1. 51~3. 04)和情感暴力(OR=1. 65,95%CI=1. 16~2. 35;OR=2. 57,95%CI=1. 87~3. 53)的影响因素;童年期目睹父母重度躯体暴力是大学生躯体暴力(OR=4. 99,95%CI=2. 58~9. 62)和性暴力行为(OR=8. 68,95%CI=3. 30~22. 81)的影响因素(P值均<0. 05)。结论童年期目睹父母间家庭暴力会增加大学生自伤和暴力行为的发生风险,尤其是父母间重度躯体暴力。     

北京市西城区学龄前儿童遭受家长躯体虐待状况

了解家长对学龄前儿童躯体虐待行为的发生情况,为促进幼儿园及社区逐步建立儿童躯体虐待伤害早期预防、监测和干预机制提供参考.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对北京市西城区5所幼儿园小、中、大班3个年级全体儿童的家长进行无记名自填式问卷调查.结果 在被调查的842名学龄前儿童家长中,最近l a里,有65.2%的家长对孩子实施过躯体虐待,分别有34.1%和56.4%的家长实施过非接触性体罚和接触性躯体虐待伤害;轻度接触性躯体虐待发生率为55.8%,重度接触性躯体虐待发生率为8.7%.男童躯体虐待伤害报告率(69.4%)高于女童(59.8%)(x2=7.5,P<0.01);有童年期受虐待经历的父母对子女的躯体虐待行为报告率(69.8%)明显高于童年期无受虐待经历的父母(49.7%)(x2=34.1,P<0.01).结论 北京市西城区家长对学龄前儿童躯体虐待行为较为普遍;男童、父母童年期受过虐待可能是学龄前儿童躯体虐待的危险因素.     

学龄前儿童家长对其情感暴力行为调查研究

目的 了解家长对学龄前儿童情感暴力行为的发生情况,探讨家长对学龄前儿童情感暴力行为的影响因素。方法 采用无记名自填式问卷方法,对北京市西城区5所幼儿园842名学龄前儿童家长进行了问卷调查。结果 被调查的842名学龄前儿童家长中,在最近一年里, 15.9%的家长对子女实施过至少一项情感暴力;有童年期受虐待经历的父母对子女的情感暴力行为明显高于童年期无受虐待经历的父母(P<0.001)。结论 被调查地区家长对学龄前儿童情感暴力行为存在一定比例;父母童年期受过虐待可能为学龄前儿童情感暴力的危险因素。     

High school incompletion and childhood maltreatment among street‐involved young people in Vancouver,Canada

While the link between educational attainment and future health and wellness is well understood, little investigation has considered the potential impacts of distinct forms of childhood maltreatment on high school completion. In the present study, the relationship between five categories of childhood maltreatment (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, and physical and emotional neglect) and completion of high school education were examined using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). From September 2005 to May 2013, data were collected for the At‐Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a cohort of street‐involved young people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and high school completion, while controlling for a range of potential confounding variables. Specifically, five separate models for each category of maltreatment and two combined models were employed to examine the relative associations between, and cumulative impact of, different forms of childhood maltreatment and educational attainment. Among 974 young people, 737 (76%) reported not completing high school. In separate multivariable analyses physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect remained positively and independently associated with an incomplete high school education. In a combined multivariable model with all forms of childhood maltreatment considered together, emotional abuse (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.51–2.86) was the only form of maltreatment that remained significantly associated with an incomplete high school education. The cumulative impact assessment indicated a moderate dose‐dependent trend where the greater the number of different forms of childhood maltreatment the greater the risk of not completing a high school education. These findings point to the need for trauma‐informed interventions to improve educational attainment among vulnerable young people, as well as evidence‐based prevention programmes, such as the Nurse–Family Partnership, aimed at supporting at‐risk families before maltreatment occurs.     

391名大学生儿童期躯体情感虐待经历及其对心理健康的影响

目的 了解大学生儿童期躯体情感虐待的发生情况，探讨儿童期躯体情感虐待经历的影响因素及其对学生心理健康的影响。方法 采用自填式问卷，对北京某大学391名学生就儿童期羞辱、体罚（不包括打）、限制活动、严重挨打、用器械严重打等躯体情感虐待经历进行不记名调查。结果 总的看来，56．3％的学生16岁前曾经历过或羞辱或体罚或挨打或限制活动。18．9％有过严重挨打（包括用器械严重打）的经历。儿童期有严重躯体情感虐待经历的学生，其躯体症状、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执等症状因子分≥1的检出率明显高于无儿童期躯体情感虐待经历的学生。结论 研究提示，中国儿童期羞辱、体罚、挨打等躯体情感虐待问题常见，儿童期严重躯体情感虐待经历与大学生心理健康问题明显相关。应重视儿童虐待的干预研究。     

The burden of child maltreatment in China: a systematic review

Objective

To estimate the health and economic burdens of child maltreatment in China.

Methods

We did a systematic review for studies on child maltreatment in China using PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL-EBSCO, ERIC and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. We did meta-analyses of studies that met inclusion criteria to estimate the prevalence of child neglect and child physical, emotional and sexual abuse. We used data from the 2010 global burden of disease estimates to calculate disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost as a result of child maltreatment.

Findings

From 68 studies we estimated that 26.6% of children under 18 years of age have suffered physical abuse, 19.6% emotional abuse, 8.7% sexual abuse and 26.0% neglect. We estimate that emotional abuse in childhood accounts for 26.3% of the DALYs lost because of mental disorders and 18.0% of those lost because of self-harm. Physical abuse in childhood accounts for 12.2% of DALYs lost because of depression, 17.0% of those lost to anxiety, 20.7% of those lost to problem drinking, 18.8% of those lost to illicit drug use and 18.3% of those lost to self-harm. The consequences of physical abuse of children costs China an estimated 0.84% of its gross domestic product – i.e. 50 billion United States dollars – in 2010. The corresponding losses attributable to emotional and sexual abuse in childhood were 0.47% and 0.39% of the gross domestic product, respectively.

Conclusion

In China, child maltreatment is common and associated with large economic losses because many maltreated children suffer substantial psychological distress and might adopt behaviours that increase their risk of chronic disease.     

Internalizing Problems: A Potential Pathway From Childhood Maltreatment to Adolescent Smoking

PurposeThis study examines the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent smoking and the extent to which internalizing behavioral problems mediate this hypothesized link.MethodsData from 522 youth at ages 12, 14, and 16 and from their caregivers were obtained as part of a prospective, longitudinal study of child abuse and neglect (LONGSCAN). Official Child Protective Services (CPS) reports of maltreatment and self-reported abusive experiences of children aged 12 were obtained for this study. Internalizing behavioral problems were reported by caregivers for the adolescents at age 14. Cigarette use was self-reported by adolescents at age 16.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of maltreated youth (19%) reported having smoked in the last 30 days compared with nonmaltreated youth (7%). A history of childhood maltreatment predicted smoking at the age of 16. Maltreatment history was associated with internalizing problems at the age of 14, and internalizing problems were associated with smoking. Finally, internalizing behaviors partially mediated the link between childhood maltreatment by the age of 12 years and adolescent smoking at 16.ConclusionsInternalizing problems are one mediating pathway by which adolescents with a history of childhood maltreatment may initiate smoking behavior during mid-adolescence. Given the elevated rate of smoking among maltreated adolescents, it is important to identify potential pathways to better guide prevention strategies. These finding suggest that youth with a history of maltreatment should be identified as a high-risk group, and that efforts to identify and address internalizing problems in this population may be an important area of intervention to reduce smoking among adolescents.     

1173名强制隔离戒毒者童年期虐待及毒品使用行为调查

目的 探讨甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine,MA)使用障碍戒毒者各类型童年期虐待的检出率及其与毒品使用行为的关系.方法 采用横断面调查法在安徽省7所成人强制隔离戒毒所招募MA使用障碍戒毒者1 173人.采用一般情况和毒品使用行为调查表、儿童期虐待问卷简版(Childhood Trauma Questionna...     

Childhood maltreatment in extremely obese male and female bariatric surgery candidates

OBJECTIVE: To examine rates of self-reported childhood maltreatment in extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates and to explore associations with sex, eating disorder features, and psychological functioning. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Three hundred forty (58 men and 282 women) extremely obese consecutive candidates for gastric bypass surgery completed a questionnaire battery. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was given to assess childhood maltreatment. RESULTS: Overall, 69% of patients self-reported childhood maltreatment: 46% reported emotional abuse, 29% reported physical abuse, 32% reported sexual abuse, 49% reported emotional neglect, and 32% reported physical neglect. Except for higher rates of emotional abuse reported by women, different forms of maltreatment did not differ significantly by sex. Different forms of maltreatment were generally not associated with binge eating, current BMI, or eating disorder features. At the Bonferonni-corrected significance level, emotional abuse was associated with higher eating concerns and body dissatisfaction, and emotional neglect was associated with higher eating concerns. In terms of psychological functioning, at the Bonferonni-corrected level, emotional abuse and emotional neglect were associated with higher depression and lower self-esteem, and physical abuse was associated with higher depression. DISCUSSION: Extremely obese bariatric surgery candidates reported rates of maltreatment comparable with those reported by clinical groups and roughly two to three times higher than normative community samples. Reported experiences of maltreatment differed little by sex and were generally not significantly associated with current BMI, binge eating, or eating disorder features. In contrast, maltreatment-notably emotional abuse and neglect-were significantly associated with higher depression and lower self-esteem.     

Childhood psychological, physical, and sexual maltreatment in outpatients with binge eating disorder: frequency and associations with gender, obesity, and eating-related psychopathology

OBJECTIVE: To examine rates of reported childhood maltreatment in binge eating disorder (BED), and to explore associations with obesity, gender, eating disorder features, and associated functioning. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Subjects were 145 consecutive outpatients with BED as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4(th) edition. Subjects were interviewed and they completed questionnaires to assess eating disorder features and functioning. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was given to assess childhood maltreatment in five domains (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect). RESULTS: A total of 83% of BED patients reported some form of childhood maltreatment. A total of 59% of BED patients reported emotional abuse, 36% reported physical abuse, 30% reported sexual abuse, 69% reported emotional neglect, and 49% reported physical neglect. There were no differences in the distribution of any form of childhood maltreatment by gender or by obesity status. The different forms of maltreatment were not associated with variability in current body mass index, binge eating, or in the attitudinal features of eating disorders. Only one of the five forms of maltreatment (physical neglect) was associated with dietary restraint in women. Emotional abuse was significantly associated with greater body dissatisfaction, higher depression, and lower self-esteem in men and women and sexual abuse was associated with greater body dissatisfaction in men. The different forms of maltreatment were unrelated to the age at onset of overweight, dieting, or binge eating. DISCUSSION: BED outpatients reported a wide range of childhood experiences of maltreatment that do not differ by gender or obesity status. Different forms of maltreatment were not associated with the onset of overweight, dieting, or binge eating, or with variability in current body mass index or eating disorder features (except for one association between physical neglect and dietary restraint). Reports of emotional abuse were associated with greater body dissatisfaction and depression and lower self-esteem in men and women and sexual abuse with greater body dissatisfaction in men.     

Self-Control Constructs Related to Measures of Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Adolescents

PurposeTo examine the link and explore a potential association between physical and sexual abuse and weapon carrying in a sample of youth. Weapon carrying has been linked to the perpetration of serious violence in youth. Ample evidence associates child maltreatment with the perpetration of delinquent and violent behavior, but there is little research on the relationship between child maltreatment and weapon carrying.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data collected from students in a large survey of high-risk youth (n = 3487). Propensity score stratification was used to approximate a randomized experimental design to examine the effect of physical and sexual abuse on youth-reported weapon and firearm carrying.ResultsApproximately 25% of weapon carrying by girls was attributable to sexual abuse in early childhood. We found no relationship between sexual abuse and weapon carrying for boys. The association between physical abuse and weapon carrying was less robust and no gender difference was detected.ConclusionsResults indicate that exposure to certain forms of early childhood maltreatment may increase the probability of weapon carrying in adolescence, particularly for females. Sexual abuse prevention and intervention programs should incorporate personal safety alternatives to weapon carrying, and clinicians should be aware that sexually abused girls are at greater risk for weapon carrying than other maltreated youth.     

儿童期虐待类型与青少年焦虑抑郁关系的相对权重分析

  目的  探讨儿童期虐待类型对青少年焦虑、抑郁影响的相对效应及其性别差异, 为经历虐待以及焦虑、抑郁的青少年开展干预提供参考。  方法  采用方便抽样法选取重庆市2所中学6 228名中学生作为研究对象进行问卷星调查, 调查人口统计学特征、儿童期虐待经历以及焦虑、抑郁情况。采用相对权重分析不同虐待经历对青少年焦虑、抑郁的影响及其性别差异。  结果  躯体忽视是最常见的虐待类型(28.2%), 其次是情感虐待(23.7%)、躯体虐待(16.0%)和情感忽视(12.4%), 性虐待是最不常见的虐待类型, 报告率为10.3%。在经历过虐待的青少年中, 大多数经历的虐待程度比较轻, 其次是中等程度的虐待。情感虐待对青少年焦虑、抑郁的影响最大(R2=0.12/0.15), 然后是情感忽视(R2=0.08/0.11)、躯体虐待(R2=0.02/0.03)、性虐待(R2=0.02/0.01)和躯体忽视(R2=0.01/0.01);相比于男生(R2=0.09/0.12, R2=0.06/0.09), 情感虐待(R2=0.13/0.16)和情感忽视(R2=0.10/0.13)对女生焦虑、抑郁的影响更大。  结论  儿童期情感方面的创伤经历对焦虑、抑郁的影响更大, 且存在性别差异, 在女生中的影响相对更强。