Some obstetric and foetal correlates in association with anemia in pregnancy

Anemia is one of the most common complications encountered during pregnancy, contributing directly or indirectly to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Hemoglobin level was estimated by photometric calorimetry in 1902 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Maternal Health Unit of the Department of Community Medicine Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, between December 1992 and December 1993 for antenatal care and eventually admitted to deliver. An overall anemia prevalence of 58.99% was observed in the cohort, mild anemia in 36.70%, moderate in 17.98%, and severe in 4.31%. The lowest concentrations of hemoglobin were observed among women under age 20 and over age 25 years. Mothers with second gravida enjoyed the highest concentration of hemoglobin relative to mothers of other gravida. Also, women with a pregnancy interval of more than 24 months had the highest mean concentration level compared to women with shorter intervals. The incidence of low-birth-weight babies was 32.11%, 49.80%, and 69.05% in mild, moderate, and severely anemic pregnant women, respectively. Finally, early neonatal mortality was observed at the level of 0.87% among normal women, 1.84% among mildly anemic women, 6.72% among moderately anemic women, and 28.57% among severely anemic women.     

中国21县(市)3～6岁儿童贫血与体格发育的关系研究

目的探讨学龄前儿童贫血与体格发育之间的关系。方法数据来源于北京大学生育健康研究所2000年对河北、江苏和浙江3省21个县市3～6岁儿童所作的随访研究和相关围产保健监测资料。按儿童血红蛋白水平分为正常组、轻度贫血组、中重度贫血组,分别比较各组的身高、体重、BMI、年龄别身高Z评分、年龄别体重Z评分,以及生长迟缓率和体重低下率。结果各年龄段贫血儿童的身高、体重均值显著低于正常组。3～、4～、5～、6～7岁各年龄组轻度贫血男童比正常男童平均身高分别小0.65、0.69、0.94、1.42cm,平均体重分别少0.22、0.18、0.38、0.63kg;而各年龄组轻度贫血女童比正常女童平均身高分别低0.93、0.74、0.88、1.71cm,平均体重分别少0.29、0.22、0.35、0.78kg,以上差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。调整儿童出生体重、城乡地区、母亲身高、母亲初次孕检BMI、母亲文化程度、母亲职业后,轻度贫血儿童发生生长迟缓的危险是非贫血儿童的1.37倍(OR=1.37),而发生体重低下的危险是非贫血儿童的1.32倍(OR=1.32)。结论儿童贫血与体格发育密切相关,应在促进儿童生长发育的同时防治儿童贫血。     

我国5岁以下儿童及其母亲贫血状况及相关因素分析

目的 :　分析我国城市与农村 5岁以下儿童贫血状况、影响因素以及儿童贫血与母亲贫血的关系。方法 :　用 HEMOCUE光度计 ,测定指血血红蛋白。统计分析方法采用描述性与多因素 Logistic回归分析方法。结果 :　城市 5岁以下儿童贫血患病率 1 2 .2 8% ,农村 2 6.71 % ,全国平均 2 1 .67%。母亲贫血率城市 1 1 .8% ,农村 2 6.2 8% ,全国平均 2 0 .1 4%。通过 Logistic回归分析 ,1 8m以内婴幼儿贫血因素有 :哺母乳 OR=3 .92 ,母亲贫血 OR=2 .2 3 ,低出生体重 OR=1 .65 ,未加蛋类 OR=1 .3 8,未加奶类 OR=1 .5 4。 1 8～ 60个月儿童贫血因素有 :母亲贫血 OR=2 .74,哺母乳 OR=1 .87,生长迟缓 OR=1 .85 ,低体重 OR=1 .60。结论 :　我国农村 5岁以下儿童及母亲贫血率均高于城市。儿童贫血与低出生体重、辅食添加、哺母乳和母亲的营养状况都有密切关系。     

Effect of maternal anemia on iron status of the new born

100 hospitalized parturients were studied; 50 women with a hemoglobin level of less than 10 g% comprised the controls. Serum iron and iron binding capacity estimation of all the parturients and their newborns (cord blood) was done by the standard dimethyl glyoxime method and the modified method of Davis. The hemoglobin of the baby was around 50% higher than the mother's irrespective of the presence of anemia (in the anemic group 8.5 g% mothers vs. 12.5 g% in neonates as compared to the control group, with 10.4 g% in mothers vs. 15.3 g% in neonates). The serum iron values were also much higher in the newborn as compared to the mother, however, the difference was more marked in anemic mothers (55.7 mcg% in mothers vs. 112.6 mcg% in neonates in the anemic group compared to 86.7 mcg% in mothers vs. 139.5 mcg% in neonates in the nonanemic group). The total serum iron binding capacity was less in infants as compared to the mothers. The percentage saturation of iron was much higher in infants as compared to their mothers, and the difference was much more notable in the anemic group (15.8% for mothers and 37.0% for the newborns). The mean serum iron values of the newborn were also much higher than those of the mother in both groups, however, the difference was much more marked in the anemic group, thereby suggesting the selective uptake of iron by the fetus even in anemic parturients (ratio of maternal vs. neonatal serum iron was 1:2.02 in the anemic group as compared to 1:1.6 in the nonanemic group). The selective uptake of iron by the fetus cannot prevent the development of anemia in the newborn, and thus it mandates abundant iron intake by mothers during pregnancy, both in diet and in folic acid supplementation, to prevent the birth of anemic and low birth weight children.     

Incidence of anaemia among scheduled caste pre-school children of Punjab

The incidence of anemia was investigated in 300 scheduled caste preschool children recruited from settlements in rural and urban areas of Amritsar and Faridkot districts of Punjab, India, during 1994-95. 165 children (55%) had hemoglobin levels indicative of anemia. 77 (25.7%) had mild anemia, 58 (19.3%) were moderately anemic, and 30 (10%) had severe anemia. The percentage of children without anemia was only 26.70% in the 1-2 year age group, compared with 62.22% among those 4-5 years old. Similarly, the incidence of severe anemia was highest (17.8%) in the youngest age group and lowest (6.6%) in the oldest age group. The high frequency of anemia among younger children, documented in other studies as well, is presumed to reflect inadequate knowledge on the part of scheduled caste mothers of the importance of iron-rich weaning foods.     

The high prevalence of low hemoglobin concentration among Indonesian infants aged 3-5 months is related to maternal anemia

Iron deficiency anemia among young children is a large health problem. However, there is little information about the prevalence of anemia among young infants because it has been assumed that normal, breast-fed infants have adequate iron stores until 4-6 mo of age. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the HKI/GOI Nutrition and Health Surveillance System in rural Java, Indonesia from Sept. 1999 to Feb. 2001 for hemoglobin (Hb) of 3- to 5-mo-old breast-fed infants (n = 990) and related factors. The prevalence of Hb < 90 g/L was 13.4%, < 100 g/L, 37%, and < 110 g/L, 71%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that normal birth weight infants (>2500 g) of anemic mothers (Hb < 120 g/L) had an odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.81 [1.34-2.43] to have a low Hb (< 100 g/L) compared with infants of nonanemic mothers with a normal birth weight. Infants of nonanemic mothers but with low birth weight had an OR of 1.15 [0.61-2.16], and those with low birth weight and anemic mothers of 3.68 [1.69-8.02]. Other risk factors included stunting (OR 1.70 [0.97-2.95]), a young mother (<20 y, OR 1.54 [0.95-2.49]), lower maternal education and living in West Java or East Java. Considering that maternal postpartum Hb reflects Hb during pregnancy, that anemia among mothers in this population is due mainly to iron deficiency, and that children born to anemic mothers are at higher risk of a low Hb, we hypothesize that low infant Hb in this population is due to iron deficiency. Intervention studies in iron deficient populations should test this hypothesis.     

Relationship of Maternal Knowledge of Anemia with Maternal and Child Anemia and Health-Related Behaviors Targeted at Anemia Among Families in Indonesia

Our specific aim was to characterize maternal knowledge of anemia and its relationship to maternal and child anemia and to behaviors related to anemia reduction. We examined the relationship between maternal knowledge of anemia and anemia in the mother and the youngest child, aged 6–59 months, in 7,913 families from urban slums and 37,874 families from rural areas of Indonesia. Knowledge of anemia was defined based upon the mother’s ability to correctly name at least one symptom of anemia and at least one treatment or strategy for reducing anemia. Hemoglobin was measured in both the mother and the child. In urban and rural areas, respectively, 35.8 and 36.9% of mothers had knowledge of anemia, 28.7 and 25.1% of mothers were anemic (hemoglobin <12 g/dL), and 62.3 and 54.0% of children were anemic (hemoglobin <11 g/dL). Maternal knowledge of anemia was associated with child anemia in urban and rural areas, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79, 1.02, P = 0.10; OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87, 0.98, P = 0.01) in multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. There was no significant association between maternal knowledge of anemia and maternal anemia. Maternal knowledge of anemia was significantly associated with iron supplementation during pregnancy and child consumption of fortified milk. There was no association of maternal knowledge of anemia with child deworming. Maternal knowledge of anemia is associated with lower odds of anemia in children and with some health behaviors related to reducing anemia.     

Childspacing Intervals and Abortion Among Blacks and Whites

Although physical, psychological, and social problems for children born to women denied abortion have been identified, little attention has been paid to the role that close childspacing might play in contributing to those problems. Small childspacing intervals (less than two years) have been linked to numerous physical, psychological, and social problems for mother and child. Using secondary analysis, this study examines the characteristics of 596 mothers who sought abortions in 1987 by race and age. Nearly 25% of these mothers had at least one child under two years of age. Abortion patients with such young children were more likely to be Black and have low incomes than abortion patients with older children. More than half of the mothers studied had more than two children. The findings suggest that a substantial number of children born to women denied access to abortion would be closely spaced, with the resulting adverse health consequences falling more heavily on subpopulations of abortion patients already at higher risk for negative perinatal and neonatal outcomes.     

江苏和浙江省六个县级市1993-2003年婚前医学检查妇女贫血状况研究

目的了解江苏和浙江省婚前医学检查妇女贫血患病率及其分布特征。方法资料来源于“中美预防出生缺陷与残疾合作项目”的围产保健监测系统的婚前检查报告。采用世界卫生组织推荐的未孕妇女贫血诊断标准。研究对象为江苏省的太仓、昆山、吴江市和浙江省的海宁、桐乡、慈溪市1993-2003年193434名未孕婚前医学检查妇女。结果1993-2003年6个县级市婚前医学检查妇女贫血患病率为42．9％（82995／193434），其中以轻中度贫血为主（占99.7％）。乡镇企业工人和农民贫血患病率较高，汉族低于少数民族；妇女文化程度越低、体重指数越小、年龄较大者贫血患病率越高。季节分布特点是9月份贫血患病率最高（48．2％），3月份最低（39．5％），11年间婚前医学检查妇女贫血患病率呈逐年下降趋势（1993年为65．5％，2003年下降为25．8％）。结论虽然11年来江苏和浙江省6个县级市婚前医学检查妇女贫血患病率已经大幅度下降，但少数民族、年龄较大、低文化程度和农民、乡镇企业工人中患病率仍较高。     

Maternal mortality in Sirur

The research aim was 1) to determine the incidence of maternal mortality in a rural health center area in Sirur, Maharashtra state, India; 2) to determine the relative risk; and 3) to make suggestions about reducing maternal mortality. The data on deliveries was obtained between 1981 and 1984. Medical care at the Rural Training Center was supervised by the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, the B.J. Medical College in Pune. Deliveries numbered 5994 singleton births over the four years; 5919 births were live births. 15 mothers died: 14 after delivery and 1 predelivery. The maternal mortality rate was 2.5/1000 live births. The maternal causes of death included 9 direct obstetric causes, 3 from postpartum hemorrhage of anemic women, and 3 from puerperal sepsis of anemic women with prolonged labor. 2 deaths were due to eclampsia, and 1 death was unexplained. There were 5 (33.3%) maternal deaths due to indirect causes (3 from hepatitis and 2 from thrombosis). One woman died of undetermined causes. Maternal jaundice during pregnancy was associated with the highest relative risk of maternal death: 106.4. Other relative risk factors were edema, anemia, and prolonged labor. Attributable risk was highest for anemia, followed by jaundice, edema, and maternal age of over 30 years. Maternal mortality at 30 years and older was 3.9/1000 live births. Teenage maternal mortality was 3.3/1000. Maternal mortality among women 20-29 years old was lowest at 2.1/1000. Maternal mortality for women with a parity of 5 or higher was 3.6/1000. Prima gravida women had a maternal mortality rate of 2.9/1000. Parities between 1 and 4 had a maternal mortality rate of 2.3/1000. The lowest maternal mortality was at parity of 3. Only 1 woman who died had received more than 3 prenatal visits. 11 out of 13 women medically examined prenatally were identified with the following risk factors: jaundice, edema, anemia, young or old maternal age, parity, or poor obstetric history. The local hospital death rate was 5.7/1000 and the district referral hospital death rate was 13.9/1000. The home delivery death rate was 1.2/1000. 5 (33.3%) who died had preterm deliveries. 5 infants died perinatally, 5 died neonatally, and 1 died postneonatally. Infant mortality was 6 times greater among mothers who died.     

Anemia among female college students attending the University of Sharjah, UAE: prevalence and classification

Anemia remains a public health challenge worldwide. Very few studies have been conducted on anemia in the United Arab Emirates and they have focused on children and pregnant women. Little is known about anemia among college female students from a preliminary study of iron deficiency anemia that was conducted on medical college students. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among female college students attending the University of Sharjah (UoS) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A secondary analysis of the records of 258 complete blood cell count results from consented female college students. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were used to determine the prevalence of and classify anemia according to RBC indices and disease severity. Emirati students represented 50.8% of the studied population. The overall prevalence of anemia (Hb <12g/dL) was 26.7% and the majority (88.4%) of the 69 anemic students had mild anemia, whereas 7.2% were moderately anemic and 2.3% Emirati students were severely anemic (hemoglobin <7g/dL). About 15.9% of the anemia cases were microcytic (MCV <80fL) and 1.6% were macrocytic (MCV >96fL). The results showed that anemia constitutes a health problem among female college students in the UAE, and most of the detected anemia was microcytic with mild severity. This warrants further study on a larger sample of healthy college students to validate these findings and eventually encourage the development of directed educational and nutritional programs to safeguard the health of these future mothers.     

Associations between social and environmental factors and perinatal mortality in Jamaica

Summary. Social and environmental factors in Jamaica were compared between 9919 mothers delivering in a 2-month period a singleton who survived the early neonatal period and 1847 mothers who were delivered of a singleton perinatal death in a contiguous 12-month period.
Logistic regression showed independent positive statistically significant increased odds of having a perinatal death among mothers who lived in rural parishes, older mothers (aged 30+), single parents, no other children in the household, large number of adults in the household, mother unemployed, the major wage earner of the household not being in a managerial, professional or skilled non-manual occupation, the household not having sole use of toilet facilities, smaller mothers and those classified as obese or undernourished.
Variations were found for different categories of death. Intrapartum asphyxia deaths were not related to union (marital) status, occupation of major wage earner, number of adults nor to the use of the toilet. Antepartum fetal deaths did not vary significantly with occupation of major wage earner or maternal height, but did show a relationship with maternal education, mothers with lowest levels having reduced risk. Deaths from immaturity were significantly related only to occupation of major wage earner, number of children in the household, number of social amenities available (negative relationships) and maternal age (<17 at highest risk).
In conclusion there was little to indicate that social deprivation per se was related to perinatal death, although specific features of the environment showed strong relationships.     

Iron status of inner-city elementary school children: lack of correlation between anemia and iron deficiency

The iron status of 103 inner-city third and fourth graders was evaluated. These children had significantly lower hemoglobin concentrations and significantly higher serum ferritin concentrations than values previously reported. Mean erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations agree with previous results whereas mean corpuscular volume was significantly lower than in some previous studies. Though 11 children (10.7%) were anemic, only 1 anemic child had another abnormal measure of iron status. Three children (2.9%) had a low serum ferritin concentration along with another abnormal measure of iron status. Four children (3.9%) had at least two abnormal measurements of iron status without an elevated blood lead concentration. These results agree with recent observations of decreasing rates of anemia in preschool children. The poor utility of hemoglobin measures to identify iron-deficient children suggests the need for alternate screening methods, and the relatively high serum ferritin concentration suggests a trend of rising iron stores in school-age children.     

原因不明自然流产相关因素分析

目的分析原因不明自然流产(unexplained spontaneous abortion,USA)的相关因素。方法选取2015年1月至2016年2月在西安第五人民医院就诊的孕早期妇女1 045例为观察对象,统计其年龄、文化程度、既往孕产史等资料,进行单因素分析后经多因素Logistic回归分析USA的危险因素。结果单因素研究分析发现年龄、文化程度、既往孕次、既往胎次、自然流产史、人工流产史、怀孕季节、产前体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、围孕期服用叶酸、血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平、血清叶酸等对USA的发生有显著影响(P0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,自然流产史、人工流产史、既往胎次、孕前BMI偏低、文化程度、年龄及孕期服用叶酸、高Hcy血症、血清叶酸高水平与USA的发生有统计学关联(P0.05),OR值分别为12.180、10.988、6.448、2.109、1.749、1.054、0.629、2.598、0.237。其中,围孕期服用叶酸和血清叶酸高水平是降低孕妇USA发生率的有利因素。结论孕妇年龄30岁,文化程度较低,有自然流产史,有人工流产史、孕前BMI过低,血清Hcy水平较高,血清叶酸水平较低易发生USA。     

Multivitamin supplementation improves hematologic status in HIV-infected women and their children in Tanzania

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a frequent complication among HIV-infected persons and is associated with faster disease progression and mortality. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of multivitamin supplementation on hemoglobin concentrations and the risk of anemia among HIV-infected pregnant women and their children. DESIGN: HIV-1-infected pregnant women (n = 1078) from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were enrolled in a double-blind trial and provided daily supplements of preformed vitamin A and beta-carotene, multivitamins (vitamins B, C, and E), preformed vitamin A and beta-carotene + multivitamins, or placebo. All women received iron and folate supplements only during pregnancy according to local standard of care. The median follow-up time for hemoglobin measurement for mothers was 57.3 mo [interquartile range (IQR): 28.6-66.8] and for children it was 28.0 mo (IQR: 5.3-41.7). RESULTS: During the whole period, hemoglobin concentrations among women who received multivitamins were 0.33 g/dL higher than among women who did not receive multivitamins (P=0.07). Compared with placebo, multivitamin supplementation resulted in a hemoglobin increase of 0.59 g/dL during the first 2 y after enrollment (P=0.0002). Compared with placebo, the children born to mothers who received multivitamins had a reduced risk of anemia. In this group, the risk of macrocytic anemia was 63% lower than in the placebo group (relative risk: 0.37: 95% CI: 0.18, 0.79; P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Multivitamin supplementation provided during pregnancy and in the postpartum period resulted in significant improvements in hematologic status among HIV-infected women and their children, which provides further support for the value of multivitamin supplementation in HIV-infected adults.     

江苏省农村已婚育龄妇女贫血的发生与避孕方法使用关系的研究

目的明确江苏省已婚育龄妇女中贫血发生的比例,探讨放置宫内节育器对已婚育龄妇女贫血发生的影响。方法采用整群抽样的方法,在避孕药具不良反应监测试点调查已婚育龄妇女生育史、避孕方法应用和副作用发生情况,同时进行相应的健康检查。结果江苏省农村已婚育龄妇女贫血患病率为41.52%,其中苏南地区为28.32%、苏中和苏北地区分别为51.22%和51.98%(P<0.001)。经产次调整后,宫内节育器使用者贫血患病率为42.37%,女性绝育术者贫血患病率为39.30%,避孕药和屏障法贫血的患病率分别为37.80%和35.54%(P<0.001)。宫内节育器使用者贫血的自报率很低,仅1.18%。分地区多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,苏南地区使用宫内节育器(OR=1.400,95%CI1.256~1.559)为贫血的主要影响因素;苏北地区多产次(OR=1.333,95%CI1.169~1.520)为贫血的主要影响因素。结论江苏省农村已婚育龄妇女的贫血患病率较高,地区差异明显;不同地区贫血的影响因素不同,使用宫内节育器与妇女贫血发生有关。应做好使用避孕方法前对象的健康筛检;放置宫内节育器后加强随访和血红蛋白监测,及时发现贫血并进行规范治疗,提高妇女的生殖健康水平。     

四川省自贡市学龄前儿童弱视现状及其影响因素

目的探究四川省自贡市学龄前儿童弱视现状及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样选取四川省自贡市8所幼儿园(城区4个、郊区4个)的学龄前儿童进行弱视检查,收集儿童及母亲资料,经单因素、多因素分析学龄前儿童弱视的影响因素。结果943名学龄前儿童中男468名,女475名;年龄3~6岁,中位年龄[4.00(4.00,5.00)]岁。筛查出弱视47例,患病率为4.98%,其中以屈光不正性弱视为主(36.17%),其次为屈光参差性弱视(34.04%)、斜视性弱视(21.28%)、形觉剥夺性弱视(8.51%)。母亲妊娠期吸烟、妊娠期饮酒、孕次、产次、儿童斜视病史、早产、屈光不正家族史与儿童弱视发生有关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,母亲妊娠期吸烟(OR=10.450)、产次≥3次(OR=3.508)、儿童斜视病史(OR=16.877)、早产(OR=4.285)、屈光不正家族史(OR=9.075)是学龄前儿童弱视发生的危险因素。结论学龄期儿童弱视的影响因素可能为有斜视病史、早产、屈光不正家族史,以及母亲妊娠期吸烟和产次。     

Childhood iron deficiency anemia, maternal nutritional knowledge, and maternal feeding practices in a high-risk population.

BACKGROUND: Despite the proven success of national efforts such as the Special Supplementary Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to curb childhood iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in the United States, aggregate programmatic data may not accurately represent the experience of particularly high risk groups, such as the children of adolescent mothers of low socio-economic status. METHODS: This study evaluated the prevalence and severity of childhood anemia and associated risk factors, at one urban teen health center serving primarily low-income adolescent mothers and their children. A total of 175 pediatric WIC charts were reviewed to abstract hemoglobin status and other data. Additionally, 81 mothers were interviewed with regard to their nutritional knowledge and feeding practices; these findings were compared with the measured hemoglobin (Hgb) of their children. RESULTS: A total of 34.9% of children in the study population were found to be anemic (Hgb 相似文献   

Prevalence and risk factors for anemia in Southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence and evaluate the risk factors of anemia. METHODS: Cross sectional populational based study of the urban area of Criciuma town, in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The study population was a probabilistic sample of 476 children aged under three years. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia found in the sample was 60.4% for children aged 0 to 35.9 months according to the Brault-Dubuc criteria and 54% for children aged 6 to 35.9 months according to the OMS criteria. The prevalence of anemia increases with age up to 18 months-old and then decreases. It is less prevalent in families where the father has a higher education level and where there is a higher total family income. Nevertheless, even within the 25% higher income group 40% of the children are anemic. The prevalence of anemia is higher among children living in unfinished and overcrowded houses, where the toilet is not equipped with flush, and among children who have two or more older brothers. It is also higher among teenager mothers (<20 years), and 35 years old or older mothers. The prevalence of anemia is lower among women who had 5 to 9 prenatal visits during pregnancy. Low weight at birth was associated with iron deficiency. The nutritional condition was associated with anemia only according to weight/age criteria. Hospitalizations in the last 12 months were not associated with the disease. In the hierarchical multivariate analysis children age, family income, and crowded house were the only significant variables. Reproductive health history, health service visits, birth weight, breast-feeding, anthropometry, and morbidity did not characterize a risk factor of anemia in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The study makes it evident that social inequality is a strong determinant of anemia. The risk imposed by anemia to children in regard to their health and intellectual development requires immediate action.     

江苏、浙江两省妊娠妇女贫血患病率及相关因素分析

目的研究江苏、浙江两省2001～2005年妊娠妇女的贫血患病率变化特点及其影响因素。方法资料来自江苏、浙江两省14县(市)围产保健监测系统,研究对象是2001年1月1日～2005年12月31日276 895名妊娠妇女,采用WHO贫血诊断标准。结果妊娠妇女总贫血患病率为31.7%(95%CI 31.4%～31.9%),孕早、中、晚期贫血患病率分别为15.0%(95%CI 14.9%～15.2%)、24.6%(95%CI24.4%～24.9%)和50.8%(95%CI 50.5%～51.1%),均以轻度贫血为主。5年间,妊娠妇女总贫血率下降了26.6%,孕早、中、晚期贫血患病率分别下降了39.4%、32.6%和23.4%。贫血患病率因妇女的职业、文化程度、年龄、孕次、产次和居住地经济水平而异,与围产保健建册时期相关。结论 2001-2005年江苏、浙江两省的妊娠妇女贫血患病率逐年下降,但妊娠期贫血仍是影响我国妇女健康的重要问题之一。妊娠贫血的预防应重视农民、文化程度较低的多次怀孕或多产次妇女,同时还应加强婚前医学检查和孕期保健中预防妊娠期贫血知识的宣传。