对单采浆还输血球血站整顿前后丙型肝炎的对比研究

本文对河北省固安县单采浆还输血球血站整顿前后献血员中丙型肝炎患病和单项血清转氨酶(ALT)异常情况进行了对比研究。该血站整顿后单采浆还输血球献血员中丙型肝炎患病率为0.0%,单项ALT异常率为2.5%,较整顿前(分别为10.3%和36.8%)明显下降,丙型肝炎病毒感染的总流行率由47.1%下降至2.5%,即下降94.7%。     

对献血员抗-HCV的监测结果分析

报告在二年监测的203份献血员血清标本中检出抗-HCV阳性46份,阳性率为22．7％。经流行病学调查发现:单纯献全血的献血员HCV感染率为6.2％,而在献全血的同时曾参与献血浆者HCV感染率高达75.0％（P＜0．01）。提示单采血浆返还血球更易感染HCV。单项ALT异常者抗-HCV阳性格出率为42.9％．献血员HCV年感染率为10．2％,抗-HCV阳性献血员自然年阴转率为7．7％。     

信阳市献血浆人群HIV、HCV、HBV感染流行病学分析

目的了解信阳市1995年前献血浆人群H IV、HCV、HBV感染率及其流行因素。方法对信阳市某县9个乡有偿献血浆人群聚集地村民进行H IV、HCV、HBV感染流行病学调查。结果调查了村民987人,发现H IV、HCV、HBV感染率分别为5.57%、26.14%、13.07%。其中有偿献血员604人,H IV、HCV感染率分别为8.94%、40.89%,显著高于非献血员H IV、HCV感染率0.26%、2.87%。结论豫南局部地区有偿献血浆人群中H IV、HCV感染率较高,在H IV阳性有偿献血浆人群中,HCV感染率很高,而HBV感染率则无此种现象。     

合格献血员丙型肝炎病毒感染的非条件Logistic回归分析

本文报告了对410名合格献血员丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染及其危险因素的调查结果。结果表明丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)阳性率为23.9%,证明献血员是HCV 感染的高危人群之一。用非条件Logistic 回归分析的结果表明,男性献血员HCV 感染的危险性高子女性(OR=1.73),在单采浆还输血球血站献血者其HCV 感染的危险性高于在全血血站献血(OR=4.51),有ALT 异常史的献血员抗-HCV阳性率高于无ALT 异常史者(OR=2.48)。结果提示,由于目前血站尚未开展抗-HCV 筛检,供血员的血液给受血者造成了感染丙型肝炎的威胁。     

献血员人群HCV感染状况及其输血传播的调查

采用ELISA对1572份献血员血清进行抗HCV检测,阳性率为12.15％。其中女性献血员抗HCV阳性率较男性为高、单采浆献血员者较单纯献血全血者为高,抗HCV检测阳性率随献血员年龄增长而增高。近期ALT升高的单采浆献血者血清抗HCV阳性者显著地高于无近期ALT升高史的同类单采浆献血员。结果证实严格开展献血员HCV感染者筛选将有助于输血相关性的丙肝的预防。     

河南信阳农村献血人员HIV、HCV、HBV感染情况分析

目的了解信阳市献血浆人群HIV、HCV、HBV感染率及其流行因素。方法对信阳市某县9个乡有偿献血浆人群聚集地村民进行HIV、HCV、HBV感染的流行病学调查。结果调查村民987人，发现HIV、HCV、HBV感染率分别为5．57％、26．14％、13．07％。其中有偿献血员604人，HIV、HCV感染率分别为8．94％、40．89％，显著高于非献血员的HIV、HCV感染率。结论豫南局部地区有偿献血浆人群中HIV、HCV感染率较高，在HIV阳性有偿献血浆人群中，HCV感染率很高，而HBV感染率则无此种现象。     

单采血浆还输血细胞献血员中疟疾感染的流行病学调查

通过对５个自然村８３９１人的流行病学调查，单采血浆还输血细胞（单采浆）献血员的疟疾发病率为４．１４％，显著高于献全血和无献血史者。病例对照研究表明，单采浆是疟疾感染的危险因素。献浆相关性疟疾的潜伏期为１６．５天。通过对单采浆血站的调查，单采浆过程存在血液交叉污染环节，血站停业后疫情得到控制。因此，单采浆过程中的血液交叉污染可能是导致这次疟疾流行的主要原因。     

献血人群HCV感染因素的非条件logistic回归分析

目的了解部分地区献血人群丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的感染现况及其流行因素,为减少输血后疾病的发生提供理论依据. 方法以安徽省各地献血员的血液为研究材料,分两个阶段(1994～1996年为第1阶段,1998～1999年为第2阶段)进行调查,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对其血清进行抗-HCV IgG检测. 结果两阶段3 072名献血员中HCV总感染率为3.6%,其中第1阶段的HCV感染率4.9%,高于第2阶段的1.9%(P<0.001);农民献血员HCV感染率4.0%,高于非农民0.9%(P<0.001);HCV感染率随文化程度的增高而降低(P<0.01);HCV感染率随献血次数的增加而升高(P<0.001);献血年限<4年组献血员HCV感染率(2.2%)低于≥4年组(4.0%);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示:家庭子女数、献血年限、献血浆史、谷丙转氨酶ALT是HCV感染的主要影响因素. 结论有偿献血员人群中HCV感染率较高,献血浆史、献血年限、家庭子女数是HCV感染的主要影响因素.     

河北省赵县城廊454例献血员HCV感染的流行病学调查

近年来,由于不少血站开展单采浆活动,一些地区发生了职业性献血员之间的丙型肝炎交叉感染,探讨其流行因素和控制措施是十分必要的,我们于1994年11月14日～24日对赵县城廊村454名献血员血清进行了检测,并着重对其交叉感染因素进行了分析。 材料与方法 一、调查对象 对赵县城廊村全体献浆献血员454例进行血清学检测,并逐人详细调查献血、献浆史及肝炎史、ALT异常史等。 二、检测方法 HBsAg、抗HCV血清标本采用ELISA法检测,并由全国丙肝研究课题组重复检验,采血后24小时检测ALT,赖氏法≥25单位为异常。     

36名转氨酶异常的献浆血员丙型肝炎调查

本研究筛查326名单采血浆还输血球献血员(简称献浆血员),其中36名血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)异常。对该36名献浆血员血清学检测表明,29名抗-HCV阳性,但HBsAg、抗-HBc IgM、抗-HAVIgM、抗-EBV IgM和抗-CMV IgM均为阴性,因此诊断为丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染。后经临床和流行病学调查证明,其中18例为急性HCV感染,11例为慢性HCV感染,两者之比为1.6:1。18例急性HCV感染中,临床型10例,亚临床型8例,两者之比为1.3:1。     

单采血浆献血员中流行丙型肝炎的血清学调查报告

An epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) occurred in plasmapheresis donors in Guan county, Hebei province in 1985. NANBH was diagnosed by epidemiological studies and serological exclusion of HAV, HBV, and other virus infections. Recently, 163 sera of 108 patients with NANBH and 65 sera of 49 cases with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels collected during the epidemic were tested at the Disease Control Center, U. S. A. by anti- HCV EIA (Chiron C 100). The positive rates for anti-HCV in these two groups were 89.8% (97/108) and 93.9% (46/49), respectively, with an average rate of 90.8% The figures increased with duration of illness and persistence of ALT elevation, i.e 17.6% and 55.6% within 1 month, 88.9% and 87.5% at 6 months, 100% and 100% after 2 years, respectively. Five patients with NANBH and one case with elevated ALT levels were followed up for 3 to 4 years. It was found that anti-HCV remained positive even after the patients had recovered and their ALT levels returned to normal.     

献血(浆)人群丙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学探讨

用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对不同献血人群２３４８人进行了抗－ＨＣＶ检测。结果提示，ＨＣＶ的感染并不会在献血浆人群中增加，也不会因献血（浆）年限的增加而增多。     

Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in blood donors

Recently a recombinant polypeptide of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been developed by the Chiron Corporation in California. This antigen has been used to develop an ELISA test (Ortho Diagnostic Systems) for serum anti-HCV antibodies. Preliminary data have shown that this virus is the major cause of NANB hepatitis in the world. We examined differences in anti-HCV prevalence among subgroups of blood donors (total sera examined 639) classified for past or present exposure to HBV or not, and for ALT levels. The anti-HCV prevalence found in regular blood donors with normal ALT levels and no antibody to HBcAg was 1.2%. No significant difference in the anti-HCV prevalence was found among other subgroups of blood donors except that a higher prevalence (10%) was found in a group with both elevated ALT and HBV markers.These preliminary findings suggest that the policy of blood supply should take into account the advent of HCV antibody test.     

我国部分地区献血员HCV感染的血清流行病学研究

对甸部分地区献血２２７３人ＨＣＶ感染的血清流行病学进行了研究。义务献血员抗－ＨＣＶ检出率为０－１．１０％，辽宁和安微职业献血员抗－ＨＣＶ检分别为１．４９％和３．１４％，但河北和内蒙职业献血－ＨＣＶ检出率高达３０．１３％和３１．８６％。既往有肝炎病史、ＡＬＴ异常史以及ＡＬＴ异常者抗－ＨＣＶ检明显高于无肝炎病史和ＡＬＴ异常者抗－ＨＣＶ检出率明显高于无肝炎病史和ＡＬＴ正常者；献血浆是感染ＨＣＶ的主要原因     

单采浆还输血球献血员中的丙型肝炎病毒感染的调查报告

对６２１名单采浆ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性献血员及３５４名ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性非献血者和１２４名单采浆ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性献血员及１２４名ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性非献血者进行调查，结果－ＨＣＶ阳性率分别为８４．２２％（５２３／６２１）、０．８５％（３／３５４）、４１．９４％（５２／１２４）、１．６１％（２／１２４），肝炎现患率分别为３４．９４％（２１７／６２１）、１．９８％（７／３５４）、１８．５５％（２３／１２４）、４．８４％（６／１２４）。调查结果表明，ＨＣＶ的感染和丙型肝炎的流行主要发生在单采浆还输血球献血员中。提示在单采浆还输血球过程中应注意避免医源性交叉感染以及对所有献血员、输成分血和用于制备注射用制品的血浆检测抗－ＨＣＶ是非常必要的。在血浆制品的制备工艺中能否将ＨＣＶ全部灭活是一个十分值得重视的问题。     

Examination of hepatitis c virus antibody seropositive blood donors and their relatives

INTRODUCTION: 239 anti-HCV seropositive blood donors (132 male, 107 female, age: 19-61, mean: 40.59 y.) and 174 family members of them (74 male, 100 female, age: 4-65, mean: 23.67 y.) were studied for chronic hepatitis C virus infection and chronic liver disease. Detailed virus serology, ultrasonography, and 6 months follow-up and--in patients with HCV RNA--liver biopsy were made. RESULTS: HCV RNA was determined in 165 patients. 70% of them were HCV RNA positive. The ALT level was normal in 95 cases (57%), and lower, than twice of the normal was in 34 cases (20%) among them. Liver biopsy was made in 79 patients; chronic C hepatitis was proven in 75 cases (steatosis in 3 cases, alcoholic liver disease in 1 case was observed). Inflammatory activity was minimal (HAI < 3) in 17, mild (HAI: 3-6) in 41, moderate (HAI: 7-9) in 7, and severe (HAI > 9) in 10 cases. There was no correlation between the serum ALT levels and the severity of the histological activity of chronic C hepatitis. Authors stress the importance of the fact, that 2 patients had normal ALT and 5 patients ALT levels were lower, than the twice of the normal of the 17 patients with significant inflammatory activity (HAI < 6). Chronic C hepatitis need for antiviral therapy was occurred in 45% of patients who known themselves previously healthy. CONCLUSIONS: The necessity of the systematic examination of anti-HCV seropositive patients and of the importance of the liver biopsy in patients with HCV RNA positivity is stressed. 3 anti-HCV seropositive cases of 174 family members of the blood donors were observed, but none of them was HCV RNA positive. It seems to be, family members of the HCV infected patients have no increased risk for HCV infection.     

驻京部队无偿献血者血源性传染病标志物检验结果分析

目的调查分析1999年9月～2003年8月,驻京部队无偿献血者血源性传染病标志物阳性率及其变化趋势,探讨造成部队官兵献血化验不合格的主要原因.方法无偿献血的44 353名驻京部队官兵的血液化验初、复检结果不合格者按照4个年度进行统计分析.结果初检不合格率为8.01%,复检不合格率为0.68% ;造成驻京部队无偿献血者初、复检结果不合格的主要原因是ALT的升高;初检ALT不合格率平均为6.60%,占不合格血液的82.32%;复检ALT不合格率平均为0.43%,占复检不合格血液的62.20%;复检抗-HCV不合格占到了复检不合格血液的25.20%,但近两年呈下降趋势;梅毒试验不合格的献血者则有上升趋势;采用蛋白印迹法确认后未发现抗-HIV阳性的献血者.结论部队官兵属于血源性传染病的低危人群;采集低危人群血液是控制受血者因输血而交叉感染的有效措施;部队官兵献血应避开高强度训练及其他易导致ALT升高的活动.     

乌鲁木齐地区无偿献血者HCV感染及合并感染状况研究

目的 了解乌鲁木齐地区无偿献血者HCV感染及合并感染状况及流行病学特点,为减少HCV经血液传播,预防和控制HCV输血风险提供依据。 方法 收集2008年1月1日-2010年12月31日在乌鲁木齐血液中心献血者的一般资料及五项指标ALT、HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP血液检测结果。 结果 调查自愿无偿献血者共计140 665名,其中男性86 179名(61.27%),女性54 486名(38.73%),年龄范围18~55周岁。在所调查的140 665名无偿献血者中, 5 971名献血者血液检测不合格,不合格检出率为42.45‰,血液五项检测指标不合格率分别为HBsAg(4.55‰)、ALT(26.82‰)、抗-HCV(5.52‰)、抗-HIV(2.34‰)、抗-TP(4.09‰)。抗-HCV阳性率在性别、年度、学历、年龄分布上差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。HCV与ALT、HBV、HIV、TP的合并感染率分别为0.66‰、0.11‰、0.05‰、0.06‰。logistic回归分析显示献血者HCV感染影响因素有职业、性别及重复献血次数等。 结论 在今后献血工作中,要加大对男性、初次以及未婚无偿献血者的筛查力度,建立一支固定、重复的无偿献血者队伍,才能不断提高血液安全。     

各型病毒性肝炎、肝癌抗－HCV检测及HCV感染与输血的关系

本文对各型病毒性肝炎、肝癌２００例进行血清抗－ＨＣＶ检测，阳性率为２０．５％，以重型肝炎和肝硬化检出率为高，分别为４２．８６％、４６．１５％，二者与其他型肝炎相比，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。输血后肝炎抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为６７．５％，健康献血员抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２０．４７％，而输血后己型肝炎仅占２．５％。说明输血是造成丙型肝炎传播的重要途径，因此，对献血员应进行严格筛选。观察表明，ＨＢＶ与ＨＣＶ双重感染，可能是形成慢性肝炎，肝硬化以及促使肝炎向重型发展的重要原因之一。抗－ＨＣＶ阳性的慢性肝炎，血清ＡＬＴ５０％在正常范围内，余者仅轻度升高，说明ＨＣＶ感染所致的肝损伤可能是一个较慢的过程     

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in an HIV-epidemic area in Thailand.

OBJECTIVE: The role of sexual transmission in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has not yet been completely elucidated. This study aimed to compare the risk factors for HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in an HIV epidemic area of Thailand where HIV is mainly transmitted heterosexually. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Sera from 3053 blood donors were collected and tested for HCV and HIV between January and March 1994. Altogether 1756 (57.5%) of the donors were interviewed about demographics and several risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of HIV and HCV infections determined by antibody assays were 2.3% and 2.2%, respectively. Sexual risk factors were clearly shown among anti-HIV positive donors. These clear associations were not found, however, among anti-HCV positive donors. In contrast, previous histories of injecting drug use and being tattooed were found in some anti-HCV positive donors but less frequently in anti-HIV positive donors. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual transmission may play a relatively minor role in HCV transmission compared with HIV, in this area.