流行性腮腺炎的文献计量与可视化分析

目的 了解国内外流行性腮腺炎的文献分布状况,探索研究趋势和热点内容,为该领域的研究提供进一步借鉴和参考。方法 在中国知网、维普、万方和Web Of Science核心数据库中进行2012—2021年发表的流行性腮腺炎文献检索,通过CiteSpace 6.1.R3和Excel 2016软件对纳入的文献分别对发文数量、发文作者、发文机构、关键词、突现性、时间线等方面进行分析。结果 2012—2021年,中国知网、维普、万方三大数据库共纳入2 266篇中文文献,发文量先增加后减少;发文机构主要是疾病预防控制中心;高频关键词主要是流行特征、流行病学、腮腺炎、发病率等;时间线分析后主要形成了9个关键词聚类标签。Web Of Science核心数据库共纳入1 884篇英文文献,发文量呈上升趋势;美国疾病预防控制中心是发文数量最多的机构,达103篇;关键词分析排在第1位的是腮腺炎,频次是432次,且前10位关键词中有4个与中文数据库的关键词分析相同;时间线分析后得到9个聚类标签。结论 2012—2021年流行性腮腺炎在中文数据库和Web Of Science核心数据库中的发文量变化相反,但研究方向大...     

儿童高血压研究热点与前沿分析

目的 分析中英文文献中儿童高血压研究现状、热点及前沿进展,为儿童高血压的早期预防提供参考。方法 检索Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库和中国知网数据库(CNKI),收集2000—2021年儿童高血压研究相关文献,运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3和VOSviewer 1.6.18可视化工具分析文献发文量、作者、地区、机构合作情况和研究热点与前沿。结果 共纳入英文文献22 687篇、中文文献4 440篇,儿童高血压主题发文量总体呈上升趋势。英文文献的发文机构以多伦多大学、科罗拉多大学为主,中文文献的发文机构以北京大学第一医院儿科为主。美国和中国在儿童高血压领域所发表的核心期刊数量处于领先地位,美国的发文影响力居于首位。关键词共现分析表明,英文文献高频关键词有“prevalence”“risk”“obesity”“risk factor”“body mass index”“insulin resistance”“overweight”“metabolic syndrome”“cardiovascular disease”“mortality”等,中文文献高频关键词有肥胖...     

计算机视觉综合征的文献计量分析

目的 探讨国内外计算机视觉综合征 (computer vision syndrome, CVS) 的研究现状与热点。 方法 在中国知网、万方中文数据库与维普数据库, Web of Science、 PubMed、 Embase 及 Google Scholar 检索发表于 2000—2022 年关于CVS 研究的中文和英文文献, 分别采用 NoteExpress 文献管理软件及 CiteSpace 软件对符合纳入标准的文献进行整理和可视化分析。 结果 共纳入 423 篇中文文献 (学位论文 41 篇)、 1 085 篇英文文献, 文献发表数量总体呈逐年递增趋势(r = 0. 986, P<0. 01)。 视频显示终端 (video display terminal, VDT)、 视疲劳 (asthenopia)、 干眼症 (dry eye)、 职业健康 (occupational health)、 学生 (student)、 视屏作业 (VDT operation) 等为中、 英文文献的高频关键词, 中药熏蒸、 七叶洋地黄双苷滴眼液为中文文献的高频关键词, 新型冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 为 2020 年以来英文文献的高频关键词。 英文文献侧重于从人机工效学方面探讨预防 CVS 的方法, 而中文文献则从中医药治疗如中药熏蒸、 中药滴眼液、 针刺、 耳穴等方面探索改善 CVS 的办法。 结论 CVS 研究逐渐受到学者们的重视, 采用中医药治疗 CVS 具有一定的优势和较好的研究前景。(r = 0. 986, P<0. 01)。 视频显示终端 (video display terminal, VDT)、 视疲劳 (asthenopia)、 干眼症 (dry eye)、 职业健康 (occupational health)、 学生 (student)、 视屏作业 (VDT operation) 等为中、 英文文献的高频关键词, 中药熏蒸、 七叶洋地黄双苷滴眼液为中文文献的高频关键词, 新型冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 为 2020 年以来英文文献的高频关键词。 英文文献侧重于从人机工效学方面探讨预防 CVS 的方法, 而中文文献则从中医药治疗如中药熏蒸、 中药滴眼液、 针刺、耳穴等方面探索改善 CVS 的办法。 结论 CVS 研究逐渐受到学者们的重视, 采用中医药治疗 CVS 具有一定的优势和较好的研究前景。     

基于CiteSpace软件的呼吸机技术热点研究

目的 通过对关于呼吸机技术研究的文献计量进行分析,探讨目前呼吸机技术研究的热点和趋势.方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库CNKI和Web of Science(WOS)2011—2020年关于呼吸机技术研究的相关文献,利用CiteSpace软件对高频关键词进行文献计量可视化分析.结果 该研究共纳入中文文献217篇和英文文献9...     

2010—2022年疫苗稳定性研究热点及趋势可视化分析

目的 分析并追踪疫苗稳定性研究领域的热点和未来发展趋势,为疫苗稳定性研究提供参考。方法 选取中国知网、万方、维普和Web of science核心数据库,以疫苗和稳定性为主题词,2010年1月1日至2023年1月1日为时间限定,检索相关文献。运用CiteSpace6.1.R3软件对文献的数量、作者、机构,高频关键词、突现词以及时间线方面进行可视化分析。结果 本次共纳入中文文献3 253篇,英文文献4941篇,发文数量均呈上升趋势;中文文献发表数量最多的机构为南京农业大学,发表英文文献最权威的机构为堪萨斯大学;发表中文文献数量最多的研究人员是张春杰、李玉华,英文文献发表数量最多的是ZHANG Y;出现频次最高的中文关键词为稳定性,英文关键词为in vivo;中文关键词得到10个聚类标签,英文得到9个;中文文献近3年的突现词强度最大的是非洲猪瘟病毒,英文文献中是coronavirus。结论 未来研究应更加关注疫苗稳定性的方法技术和机制原理方面,以提高疫苗的可及性和成果效益。     

全球出生缺陷研究热点与前沿分析——基于Cite Space的图谱量化分析

目的为追踪全球出生缺陷研究的热点前沿,探索该领域的最新进展。方法利用Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中的期刊数据,确定关键词并以专业检索的方式对2010-2019年的文献进行检索。将检索出的文献数据人工筛选后,导入Cite Space进行可视化分析。结果共纳入文献14 318篇(CNKI数据库4 046篇,WOS数据库10 670篇)。从发文数量上看,英文文献发文数量逐年上升,中文文献发文数量逐年减少。在内容分析上看,英文文献研究热点主要分布在出生缺陷危险因素研究、发病机制、发育生物学等研究方向;中文文献研究热点主要分布在出生缺陷监测、干预预防、健康教育等研究方向。结论出生缺陷作为影响人口素质的重要原因倍受关注,其研究内容在不断丰富,出生缺陷的人群监测、干预预防、发病机制、治疗康复等都是出生缺陷研究的重点,针对出生缺陷研究领域的现况、热点和趋势分析能为出生缺陷研究的未来研究方向和实践提供参考。     

2012—2022年全球学龄前儿童营养研究热点与趋势可视化分析

目的 对2012—2022年学龄前儿童营养领域的科研成果进行梳理,旨在为该领域相关政策制定和科研探索方向提供参考依据。方法 通过Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库检索筛选出2012—2022年国内外在学龄前儿童营养领域发表的高质量文献作为数据来源,使用Excel和CiteSpace软件对其研究热点和前沿趋势进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入英文文献1 816篇,中文文献110篇。研究机构和研究作者合作网络密度均较低。排除检索词,英文文献关键词中心性前三的是“vitamin A”(0.74)、“intervention”(0.67)、“obesity prevention”(0.55);中文关键词中心性前三的是“贫血”(0.41)、“肥胖”(0.38)、“营养状况”(0.18);中英文聚类排名第一的分别是“贫血”和“physical activity”;最新的突现词是“膳食模式”和“diet quality”。结论 在学龄前儿童营养领域的英文文献发文量呈上升趋势,国内近3年呈下降趋势。我国在该领域研究较少,研究热点多集中在学龄前儿童营养现状研究方面,对干预性研究...     

基于CiteSpace及VOSviewer的2019新型冠状病毒研究热点的可视化分析

目的探索2019新型冠状病毒的研究现状、热点及变化趋势。方法计算机检索中英文数据库,中文数据库以中国知网(CNKI)为数据来源,英文数据库以Pubmed为数据来源,时间限定为2019-2020年(具体检索日期为2020年2月7日),收集所有关于2019新型冠状病毒是相关研究。再利用可视化软件CiteSpace 5.6.R2及VOSviewer通过共现网络分析方法对作者、发文机构及高频关键词进行聚类分析,探索和分析国内外新型冠状病毒的研究热点和前沿。结果计算机检索共获得中文文献132篇,英文文献103篇。通过共现分析的研究结果显示,中文研究作者分为两大团体,但团体与团体之间的相互合作很少;英文文献的研究作者分为8大聚类团体,第一作者均为国内作者并与少数的国外研究者有合作关系;中文文献发表的作者各机构之间的合作力度也相对缺乏,英文文献发表的作者机构与美国、新加坡有合作关系;中文文献主要关键词有"冠状病毒"、"感染防控"、"医院感染"、"防护"等,英文文献关键词包括"Coronavirus"、"2019-nCoV"、"Epidemiology"、"Coronavirus infections"、"Wuhan"、"China"、"Pneumonia"等。结论国内研究的研究热点集中在2019新型冠状病毒的感染防控和防护措施等内容,并向儿童的发病情况、新冠肺炎的抗病毒药物及相关指南的领域扩展;研究关于2019新型冠状病毒在武汉甚至中国及全球暴发的流行病学研究、新型冠状病毒肺炎的诊断等方面是主流问题,并向新型冠状病毒的分子学研究扩展。     

口腔综合治疗台水路管理的文献计量分析

目的了解国内外口腔综合治疗台水路(DUWLs)管理研究现状及发展动态。方法在Pubmed、中国知网数据库(CNKI)、万方期刊数据库(WanFang Data)、中文数据库维普全文电子期刊数据库(VIP)和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)检索与DUWLs有关的文献,检索时限为建库至2017年12月,采用文献计量学的方法对数据进行分析。结果共纳入270篇文献,其中中文文献109篇,英文文献161篇;纳入文献来自18个国家,发文量排名前五的为中国(110篇)、英国(60篇)、美国(48篇)、波兰(14篇)、印度(10篇),占总文献量的89.63%。国内发文量居前三的省份为江苏省(22篇)、广东省(17篇)、天津市(12篇),占中文文献总量的46.79%。高频主题词共7个,获得一个研究热点:口腔综合治疗台水路污染和控制。第一作者的发文量为1～13篇,本研究中核心作者至少发文3篇以上,共18名核心作者发文81篇,占总文献量的30.00%。结论国内相关研究整体呈上升趋势,但仍需扩大研究的广度和深度。国内相关研究相对集中,但尚未形成核心研究力量;全球研究热点明确,但缺乏统一的水路管理方案。     

我国重症手足口病研究现状的共词分析

目的利用共词分析方法对近5年国内重症手足口病文献进行分析,探讨该领域的研究现状。方法在中国知网、维普以及万方数据库以"手足口病"、"重症"为主题词,通过检索并纳入符合研究标准的文献,利用Bicomb2对下载文献进行关键词统计和分析,利用Ucinet6.0及Netdraw绘制共现关系图。结果共纳入文献554篇,提取高频关键词33个,通过共词分析发现目前国内重症手足口病的研究热点主要集中在流行病学(包括病原学、危险因素、人群以及基因型分布特点)相关研究;其次神经系统损伤、神经源性肺水肿也是研究热点;但有关治疗、预防和控制等方面研究相对较少。结论我国重症手足口病有关流行病学以及临床特征的研究已取得了较多的成果,在未来,有关本病最佳治疗方案以及疫苗研究将成为新的热点。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.