高校教师主观幸福感实证研究

目的探讨影响高校教师主观幸福感的原因,为高校教师的心理健康教育工作提供依据。方法运用主观幸福感问卷,整体随机抽样,对800名大学教师进行问卷调查。结果高校教师的主观幸福感得分显著高于全国常模;男教师81.75±11.07高于女教师79.73±13.04,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);工龄在5年以下79.34±13.64、6~10年80.21±12.23、11~15年81.17±12.16、15年以上80.41±15.34相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);学历为专科81.04±11.17、本科81.74±12.13、硕士80.87±11.02、博士79.41±12.21相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);职称为助教78.03±12.31、讲师81.72±11.81、副教授79.53±11.62、教授80.11±12.43相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论高校教师的主观幸福感处于较高水平,性别、年龄、职称、专业对高校教师的主观幸福感有显著影响。     

乳腺增生症与焦虑抑郁及婚姻质量的相关研究

目的　探讨乳腺增生症与焦虑、抑郁、婚姻质量的关系。方法　随机抽取昆明 4所高校本科学历以上80 4名已婚教师作乳腺增生症流行病学调查。在此基础上按 1∶1配对 ,采用OLSON ,SAS ,CES -D分别对病例对照各86人进行测试 ,并以各量表分 > x±s为情绪和婚姻质量的评判标准作病例对照分析。 结果　其总患病率为2 7 36 %。 31～ 39岁检出率最高为 4 7 6 6 % ,≤ 30岁年龄组和 4 0～ 4 9岁组的检出率 (2 9 4 7% ,2 3 5 3% )次之 ,≥ 5 0岁(7 14 % )最低。病例组有焦虑情绪 (SAS >5 0 )和抑郁心境 (CES -D >16 )分别占 2 6 0 5 % ,30 2 3% ,高于对照的2 9 0 7%和 2 4 4 2 % (P≤ 0 0 5 ) ,而婚姻满意、夫妻交流 >4 0分、性生活 >4 1分为 2 0 93%、2 4 4 2 %及 34 88% ,则显低于对照的 37 2 1%、33 72 %和 4 4 19% (P≤ 0 0 1)。结论　负性情绪和低水平的婚姻质量与乳腺增生症密切相关 ,该病的干预需从心理、社会因素入手。     

南京市高校女教师心理健康状况调查

目的了解高校女教师心理健康状况,探讨高校女教师心理压力来源。方法采用自行设计的一般情况和心理调查量表SCL-90,在南京市选取有代表性的5所大学生随机选取共700名在职教师,进行问卷调查。收回的问卷利用EpiDate软件录入并转入SPSS12.0统计软件进行处理分析。结果高校女教师心理状况比全国常模差;在恐怖因子得分显著高于男教师;已婚女教师在躯体因子上显著高于未婚女教师,而未婚女教师在偏执因子上显著高于已婚女教师;45岁以上年龄组比其他二个年龄组相比心理问题要严重,随着年龄的增长,躯体化因子得分显著增加。结论根据高校女教师的心理状况特点,探讨高校女教师的心理压力的来源,并共同来维护高校女教师心理健康。     

婚前保健对婚姻质量的影响

目的:探讨婚前保健对婚姻质量的影响。方法:选择106例未婚女性,其中62例接受婚前保健,44例未接受婚前保健,均在婚后6个月,发放自编问卷调查表及奥尔森(Olson)婚姻质量问卷表(ENRICH)进行婚姻质量的调查。结果:两组患者在年龄、文化程度、居住地区、医疗费用承担方式、婚史等方面无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组性生活平均得分为(35.94±11.25)分,夫妻交流平均得分为(39.58±12.04)分,婚姻满意度平均得分为(37.41±9.96)分,均显著高于对照组的(23.08±8.85)分、(21.57±11.13)分、(23.66±10.28)分(P<0.05)。结论:加强婚前保健措施,提高群众婚前保健的意识,有助于提高婚姻质量,值得推广应用。     

睡眠质量对高血压老人主观幸福感的影响

目的了解高血压老人主观幸福感现状及睡眠质量对主观幸福感的影响。方法选取乌鲁木齐市某三级甲等医院体检中心健康检查的60岁以上高血压老人392例作为调查对象,进行主观幸福感问卷和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)测评。结果单因素分析发现,年龄60~64岁高血压老人主观幸福感得分显著高于≥80岁高血压老人(P0.01)。家庭关系较为融洽高血压老人主观幸福感得分显著高于家庭关系一般和隔阂多高血压老人(P0.01)。已婚高血压老人主观幸福感得分显著高于丧偶高血压老人(P0.05)。家庭月收入4 000元高血压老人主观幸福感得分显著低于7 000元家庭收入老人(P0.05)。有睡眠障碍高血压老人的主观幸福感得分显著低于无睡眠障碍老人(t=2.500,P0.01)。高血压老人主观幸福感得分与PSQI总分及主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率和催眠药物得分呈显著负相关(r=-0.304、-0.216、-0.277、-0.129、-0.186和-0.188,均P0.01)。PSQI总分进入主观幸福感得分的回归方程(β=-0.169,P0.01)。结论 60岁以上高血压老人睡眠质量具有一定的人口学特征,低质量睡眠对高血压老人主观幸福感具有明显的消极影响。     

包头市415名学龄前儿童的营养状况评价

目的　了解学龄前儿童的营养状况。方法　对包头市某日托幼儿园的儿童生长发育和营养状况进行了评价。结果　儿童的身高、体重分别为 (10 7 5± 7 3)cm、(18 0± 3 3)kg。年龄别身高 (HAZ)、年龄别体重 (WAZ)、身高别体重 (WHZ)分别为 0 0 4 5± 0 987、0 0 0 3± 1 116、0 0 0 8± 1 0 0 8。学龄前儿童低体重率 (WHZ<- 2 )为 1 2 % ,生长迟缓率 (HAZ <- 2 )为 1 0 % ,超重率 (WAZ >2 )为 4 6 %。血红蛋白浓度为 (12 9 7±10 3)g L ,贫血的患病率为 5 5 %。血清铁蛋白 (SF)含量为 (4 8 6± 2 9 2 ) μg L ,铁缺乏率为 2 6 2 %。血清视黄醇浓度为 (1 72± 0 5 2 ) μmol L ,亚临床维生素A缺乏率为 11 1%。血清 2 5 OH D3含量为 (4 1 98± 2 4 6 0 )nmol L ,边缘性维生素D的缺乏率为 18 4 %。各年龄组间、各年龄组男女孩之间 ,血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白、血清视黄醇、血清 2 5 OH D3的含量无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。贫血患病率、铁缺乏率、亚临床维生素A缺乏率、边缘性维生素D缺乏率 ,各年龄组间、各年龄组内男女间也无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　所调查的儿童生长发育状况较好 ,低体重、生长迟缓的发生率在城市已明显减少 ,但超重问题开始显现出来。微量营养素铁、维生素A、维生素D的缺乏或边     

社区不同人群慢性非传染性疾病预防控制知识、态度和行为比较

目的　了解宁波市海曙区不同人群慢性非传染性疾病 (慢病 )预防控制的相关知识、态度和行为(KAP) ,为制定针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法　采用两阶段整群抽样方法 ,对辖区内 1 5岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查。有效调查人数 2 0 4 3人 ,其中男性为 4 5 . 5 %,女性为 5 4 . 4 %;1 5～ 34岁占 5 . 7%,35～ 5 9岁占5 8. 3%,6 0岁及以上者占 36 0 %;5 8 3%享有职工医疗保险 ,公费医疗和自费的分别为 1 5 . 2 %和 1 9 1 %。结果　海曙区居民“慢病”预防控制相关KAP得分分别为 39. 0 3± 1 3. 6 9、 4 . 32± 2. 6 5和 1 0 . 31± 3. 6 9。相关知识知晓率、正向态度持有率以及正确行为采纳率分别为 6 6 2 %、 5 4 0 %和 5 1 6 %。女性的行为得分高于男性 ,享有公费医疗和 6 0岁以上人群正确行为采纳率高 ,自费群体和未婚人群正确行为采纳率低 ,KAP得分随教育水平提高而提高。居民“慢病”预防控制知识主要来自电视 (6 4 . 2 %) ,报纸杂志 (5 6. 8%)、朋友家人 (44 . 9%)等。结论　海曙区居民对“慢病”预防控制KAP受性别、年龄、婚姻、文化程度、收入水平以及医疗保障形式的影响 ,男性、未婚、低文化水平、低收入和自费人群的KAP得分低于相对应人群。     

浙江师范大学学生主观幸福感及其影响因素

目的了解浙江师范大学学生主观幸福感现状,探讨主观幸福感的影响因素,以便采取相应的干预措施。方法采用严标宾等人根据《国际大学调查量表》修订的主观幸福感量表,对浙江师范大学一～四年级311名大学生进行团体施测。结果大学生主观幸福感略高于中等水平(5分),平均得分为(5.1792±1.1458)分。主观幸福感在性别、城乡变量上差异无显著性,但在家庭经济收入上差异有显著性(F=3.205,P=0.042)。结论高校心理健康教育应对贫困大学生的主观幸福感给予更多的关注。     

血清1,25(OH)2D和25(OH)D的测定及正常值的建立

目的　建立 1,2 5 (OH) 2 D和 2 5 (OH)D的长沙居民正常值。　方法　选择长沙居民 13 7例 ,年龄 3 0～ 75岁 ,使用RIA方法测定血清上述指标正常值。　结果　两项指标皆随年龄下降 ,对于 2 5 (OH )D ,<40岁 ,40～ 60岁以及>60岁 ,三年龄组分别为 (2 5 .5± 3 .6) ,(2 1.3± 3 .3 )以及 (18.9± 3 .3 )ng/ml ,1,2 5 (OH) 2 D三年龄组分别为 (3 2 .2± 3 .1) ,(2 7.4± 3 .4)以及 (2 5 .7± 3 .7) pg/ml组间有显著差异。　 结论　 1,2 5 (OH) 2 D和 2 5 (OH)D血清正常值随增龄而下降 ,必须按年龄段分别确定正常值 .     

石油工人职业紧张与心理健康的关系

目的　研究不同职业紧张水平石油工人的心理健康状态。方法　抽取 12 2个不同工种石油作业工人 12 30人 ,填写职业紧张调查问卷 (OSQ)和症状自评量表 (SCL 90 )。结果　石油工人心理健康状态随职业紧张水平的增加而下降。高、中紧张强度组躯体化症状 (分别为 1.87± 0 .80、1.72± 0 .70 )、忧郁 (分别为 1.74± 0 .76、1.6 2± 0 .6 7)、恐怖 (分别为 1.48± 0 .6 5、1.39± 0 .5 5 )、偏执(分别为 1.6 0± 0 .6 2、1.5 5± 0 .5 7)、强迫症状 (分别为 1.88± 0 .81、1.79± 0 .6 8)等的得分均明显高于低紧张强度组 (分别为 1.5 5± 0 .6 1、1.43± 0 .5 4、1.2 8± 0 .46、1.35± 0 .47、1.5 9± 0 .5 9) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。高、中紧张强度组情绪状态的得分亦明显高于低紧张强度组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。低工龄组工人的心理健康、情绪状态的变化明显低于高工龄组的工人 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　职业紧张可影响工人的心理健康状态。     

Factors associated with quality of life among married women in rural China: a cross-sectional study

Purpose

Specific medical and living conditions in rural China may predispose people there to a poor quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate factors affecting the quality of life among married women in rural China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Liaoning Province in China. Out of the 3900 married women, 3163 (81%) completed the questionnaire survey. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Sociodemographic factors, such as monthly income, and living and health conditions, such as left-behind status, stress (quantified by the Perceived Stress Scale), and coping styles (assessed by the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire) were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to explore the factors related to quality of life.

Results

The mean scores of quality of life were 14.08?±?2.27 for the domain of physical health, 11.78?±?2.28 for psychological health, 13.07?±?2.69 for social relationships, and 12.26?±?2.67 for environmental conditions. Older age, having chronic diseases, being left-behind, sense of marriage insecurity, and stress were all negatively associated with quality of life scores, whereas a higher monthly income was associated with higher scores. Coping styles could be moderating factors in the relationship between stress and quality of life.

Conclusions

Overall, married women living in rural China had relatively low scores for quality of life. Improving family income, providing access to affordable and high-quality medical care, facilitating couple communication, and promoting active coping styles could be intervention strategies to improve the quality of life of these rural residents.

     

幼儿园教师心理幸福感及其相关因素分析

目的探讨幼儿教师心理幸福感状况,为维护幼儿教师的心理健康提供参考。方法采用Ryff心理幸福感量表,通过分层整群抽样,对河北省11所幼儿园437名教师进行调查分析。结果已婚教师的总体幸福感、自主幸福感、掌握环境、生活目标、自我接纳幸福感显著高于未婚教师;有子女幼儿教师的自主性和掌握环境幸福感水平高于无子女幼儿教师;幼儿园管理及辅助人员的自主幸福感水平显著高于保育员和教养员;不带班教师的自主幸福感高于带班教师。在自主性因子上,城乡来源与学历之间存在交互作用(P=0.030):农村教师学历越高自主幸福感越低;中专及以下与大专学历教师间的差异无统计学意义,但本科及以上学历城市教师显著高于农村教师。结论婚姻、子女、岗位、带班情况影响幼儿教师心理幸福感。     

Examining subjective wellbeing and health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis

The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective wellbeing, health-related quality of life and lived experience of women living with endometriosis. In 2015 five hundred participants between the ages of 18–63 (M = 30.5, SD = 7.46) were recruited through Endometriosis Australia and social media, completing an online questionnaire comprising the Personal Wellbeing Index, the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 and various open-ended questions. Results found that women with endometriosis reported low levels of subjective wellbeing (mean PWI total scores of 51.5 ± 2.03), considerably below the normative range of 70–80 for western populations. The mean Endometriosis Health Profile total score indicated a very low health-related quality of life amongst the women in this sample (78.9, ±13.14). There was also a significant relationship between scores on the Endometriosis Health Profile and Personal Wellbeing Index. The findings from the qualitative data suggest that endometriosis impacts negatively on women's lives in several areas such as; social life, relationships and future plans, this in turn affects women's overall life quality. The study highlights the strong negative impact that endometriosis can have on women's subjective wellbeing and health related quality of life, contributing to productivity issues, relationship difficulties and social dissatisfaction and increasing the risk of psychological comorbidities.     

Association Between Child Marriage and Reproductive Health Outcomes and Service Utilization: A Multi-Country Study From South Asia

PurposeDespite the pervasiveness of child marriage and its potentially adverse consequences on reproductive health outcomes, there is relatively little empirical evidence available on this issue, which has hindered efforts to improve the targeting of adolescent health programs. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of child marriage with fertility, fertility control, and maternal health care use outcomes in four South Asian countries: India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.MethodsData for the study come from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in the study countries; we used a subsample of women aged 20–24 years. Child marriage, defined as first marriage before 18 years of age, is categorized into two groups: first married at ages 15–17 years and first married at age ≤14 years. We used multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe results of the study suggest that child marriage is significantly associated with a history of rapid repeat childbirth, current modern contraceptive use, female sterilization, not using contraception before first childbirth, pregnancy termination, unintended pregnancy, and inadequate use of maternal health services, although the associations are not always consistent across countries. Furthermore, women who married in early adolescence or childhood show a higher propensity toward most of the negative outcomes, compared with women who married in middle adolescence.ConclusionsChild marriage adds a layer of vulnerability to women that leads to poor fertility control and fertility-related outcomes, and low maternal health care use.     

已婚育龄妇女生命质量及领悟社会支持状况相关分析

目的: 探讨已婚育龄妇女的生命质量及相关因素。方法: 应用MOSSF 36健康调查量表、领悟社会支持量表对 550名已婚育龄妇女进行问卷调查。结果: 已婚育龄妇女的生命质量其生理职能、情感职能 2个维度变异度较大; 婚姻状况不同的已婚育龄妇女生理职能、精力、精神健康状况不同 (方差分析P值均<0. 05), 已婚育龄妇女的生命质量与婚姻状况、年龄、社会支持状况、对生活的主观满意程度呈显著性相关关系。结论: 增加已婚育龄妇女的领悟社会支持和对生活的满意程度有利于提高其生命质量。     

Trends in age at first marriage in women and related factors: A population-based study in southwestern Iran

Marriage and related processes seem to show individual tendencies but are in fact social phenomena. The aim of this study was to identify, among women, trends in age at first marriage and its related factors. In this cross-sectional study, the target population was women in households in Fars Province, Iran. To identify main effects of variables associated with age at marriage, multiple linear regression modeling was used without interactions. Women’s age, women’s and their husbands’ occupations and educational levels, and place of residence were included in multiple linear regression modeling. A total of 3074 ever-married women were interviewed. A steep upward trend over time in age marriage was observed. The mean age at first marriage was 16.9 ± 3.4 years in women who married during the period from 1954 to 1974, and 21.9 ± 4.1 years among those who married during 2005–2014. Age at first marriage was significantly positively associated with women’s and men’s educational levels and with husband’s employment status as laborers (p = 0.017) and negatively associated with husbands being employees (compared to being unemployed) (p < 0.001). Health providers should focus on increasing public awareness of factors associated with early and with delayed marriage.     

Child marriage and relationship quality in Ethiopia

Child marriage is prevalent in Africa, with almost 40% of girls being married before age 18. Although child marriage is linked to a range of adverse outcomes, including intimate partner violence, little is known about the quality of these marriages in terms of the levels of communication, trust, equality, intimacy, conflict, marital satisfaction or happiness. We used both quantitative and qualitative data to examine how exact age at first marriage influenced multiple domains of relationship quality in Ethiopia. Our analysis was based on household survey data from 3396 currently married or recently divorced women aged 18–45, 32 in-depth interviews and 8 participatory focus groups in two regions. The regression results show a strong negative effect of marriage at or before age 12 on relationship quality across multiple domains. The qualitative data suggest a more pervasive effect on marital quality, with the lack of ability to choose whom they married and reduced agency emerging as particularly important factors influencing marital quality. This relationship may be direct or indirect, potentially mediated by factors such as intimate partner violence. Interventions intending to mitigate the effects of child marriage should include components that aim to improve the quality of spousal relationships, particularly in terms of communication and negotiation skills.     

晚期妊娠孕妇心理状况与分娩方式的关系初探

目的:探讨晚期妊娠孕妇的心理状态与分娩方式选择的关系,为做好产前心理支持和接产提供准备。方法:采用W illiam WK Zung自评量表(SAS)及自制的与分娩方式相关因素问卷,对150例无剖宫产指征及有妊娠合并症的晚期妊娠孕妇的心理状态进行调查分析。将SAS评分结果与常模比较,以高于常模者(存在焦虑)的28例为观察组,低于常模者(无焦虑)的122例为对照组,观察两组的分娩方式。结果:焦虑发生率为18.70%,焦虑评分44.25±1.17,与对照组焦虑评分39.22±1.64相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。阴道自然分娩及剖宫产观察组分别为12例和16例,对照组分别为91例和31例,两组分娩方式比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:晚期妊娠孕妇存在心理焦虑状态,而焦虑状态可增加剖宫产率。因此,对晚期妊娠孕妇提供心理支持,加强孕期健康教育工作,缓解焦虑情绪,使其处于正常的心理状态,促进阴道自然分娩。     

The Psychological Benefits of Marriage and Children in Rural Malawi

Despite an extensive literature on the psychological rewards of marriage and children in high-income countries, research on these relationships in low-income countries remains limited. This paper draws on data from 4,133 adult women and men interviewed in the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health to examine how marital status, categorized as never, formerly, monogamously, and polygynously married, and number of children are associated with psychological well-being. With respect to marital status, we find that women in polygynous unions fare worse than monogamously married women and this detrimental effect is stronger for women than for men. Formerly married men and women of reproductive age experience the worst psychological outcomes, although this association wanes with age. In contrast, the benefits of having children is only evident among older Malawian women. These findings offer novel insights into the patterns of nearly universal marriage and high fertility that characterize Malawi and much of sub-Saharan Africa.     

不同类型学校教师心理卫生状况比较

目的分析不同类型学校教师的心理卫生状况,为预防和控制教师心理问题提供依据.方法采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90),分别对3所大学、56所中学、20所小学的556名教师进行测评,对不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教龄、家庭人均收入和居住地的教师进行比较分析.结果按照SCL-90中有1个因子≥3分界定为有心理问题,教师心理问题检出率为32.0%.其中男性检出率为50.0%,女性检出率为17.9%;不同类型学校以及不同年龄、教龄、经济状况教师的心理卫生问题检出率差异有显著性.中小学教师的心理卫生问题检出率高于大学教师;家庭人均收入在500～1 000元和教龄大于20 a的教师心理卫生问题最明显.Logistic回归分析表明,性别、婚姻状况对教师心理卫生水平有较大的影响.结论教师心理问题不容忽视,应对各类教师进行心理援助.