589名徐州市大学生睡眠质量及其相关因素分析

目的了解大学生睡眠质量及其影响因素。方法以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)为测量工具评定大学生的睡眠情况。结果大学生PSQI得分为(8.62±3.25)分,女生得分高于男生;高达66.89%的大学生有睡眠质量问题。焦虑、睡眠环境、经济状况、身体状况、不良习惯、作息时间的规律性、锻炼的习惯、宿舍关系等是影响大学生睡眠质量的因素。结论大学生睡眠质量问题比较严重,应采取综合措施改善大学生的睡眠质量,保护他们的身心健康。     

大学生睡眠状况与影响因素分析研究

目的了解大学生的睡眠状况及其影响因素,为改善大学生睡眠状况提供科学依据。方法以匹茨堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及自制睡眠影响因素量表为测评工具,调查大学生睡眠状况及影响因素并分析。结果 796名大学生PSQI平均分为5.43±0.70。睡眠障碍者(PSQI≥8)〔1〕142人(占17.84%);男、女生睡眠障碍检出率分别为13.64%和22.00%,女生明显高于男生(P<0.01);大学生SDS测评29.65%学生存在抑郁(SDS≥50〔2〕):SDS与PSQI的各成份评分有密切关系,抑郁组学生PSQI各成分评分显著高于正常组(P<0.05);大学生自选影响其睡眠的因素列前三位的是学习困难、环境因素和睡前习惯。结论大学生的睡眠状况欠佳,女生较男生严重,且与抑郁等多种因素相关。     

大学生睡眠质量及相关因素调查

了解在校大学生的睡眠质量及其影响因素,为改善大学生睡眠状况提供依据.方法 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和自制的基本情况及相关因素调查表,于江西某高校随机抽取在校大学生1 200名进行问卷调查,资料采用SPSS 13.0统计软件分析.结果 大学生睡眠质量问题发生率为16.4%.匹兹堡睡眠质量总均分为(5.04±2.62)分,男生平均得分为(5.05±2.62)分,女生平均得分为(5.04±2.64)分,差别无统计学意义(t=0.117,P=0.907);医学生平均得分为(5.26±2.59)分,非医学生平均得分为(4.90±2.63)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.316,P=0.021).Logistic回归分析显示,上课注意力、学习压力、人际关系、睡眠习惯、健康状况、饮食习惯对大学生睡眠质量存在一定的影响.结论 大学生睡眠质量问题发生率较高,影响因素也较多.学校和学生应采取相应措施以改善睡眠状况.     

广东药学院373名大学生睡眠质量及相关因素分析

目的了解大学生睡眠质量及其相关影响因素,为提高大学生睡眠质量的研究提供资料.方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和自制的相关因素调查表,对大学生373名进行问卷调查.资料采用SAS 8.0统计软件进行分析.结果匹兹堡睡眠质量总平均得分为(6.75±2.86)分,男生为(6.42±2.77)分,女生为(7.01±2.92)分,女生高于男生(u=1.993 6,P＜0.05);42.9%的学生在睡眠质量上存在问题;除入睡时间与日问功能、睡眠时间与安眠药物、睡眠质量与安眠药物、日间功能与安眠药物之外,其他的各成份之间均存在一定的相关关系;在31项相关因素中,有10项因素对睡眠质量有一定的影响.结论大学生睡眠质量存在问题的比例较高,影响大学生睡眠质量的因素较多,应采取有效的干预措施.     

中国八所中医药高校大学生睡眠状况调查

目的 调查中医药高校大学生的睡眠状况，分析可能的影响因素。方法 采用分层整群抽样法从国内四个区域8所中医药高校，获取7 142名大学生为研究对象，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh sleep quality index，PSQI）和自行设计的问卷进行调查。结果 共收回有效问卷6 534份，男生有1 778（27.21%）人，女生有4 756（72.79%）人；平均年龄为（20.32±1.23）岁。PSQI平均得分为（4.58±2.30）分，睡眠差（PSQI ≥ 8）的检出率为10.33%。城市生源学生的PSQI得分（4.36±2.32）优于乡镇（4.64±2.29），差异有统计学意义（t=-3.909，P<0.001），外向型（4.50±2.38）和中间型（4.54±2.25）性格的学生PSQI得分优于内向型（4.78±2.35），差异有统计学意义（F=6.481，P=0.002），体质指数正常者的PSQI得分（4.52±2.22）优于低体重者（4.64±2.38）、超重者（4.89±2.60）和肥胖者（5.03±2.60），差异有统计学意义（F=5.892，P=0.001）；性别间PSQI得分差异无统计学意义（t=-0.005，P=0.996）。多因素回归分析发现，日常压力数、生活满意度、规律饮食等12个因素可能影响了大学生的睡眠状况。结论 我国中医药高校大学生睡眠质量的影响因素多，睡眠质量存在进一步提升的空间。     

医学院校大学生睡眠现状及影响因素

目的了解大学生睡眠现状,研究焦虑状况及其他因素对睡眠质量的影响。方法 2016年12月,通过整群随机抽样抽取广东医科大学624名在校大学生为调查对象,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表和焦虑自评量表(SAS)及自制影响睡眠因素调查表进行调查。结果 624名在校大学生的PSQI平均得分为6.30±2.69,有28.4%的大学生有睡眠质量问题。男女睡眠差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中女生PSQI得分、主观睡眠质量及睡眠障碍得分均高于男生。不同年级PSQI得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同专业PSQI得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。焦虑组与无焦虑组的PSQI得分及7个因子各得分差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,焦虑程度、学习压力、健康状况、锻炼频次、人际关系为大学生睡眠质量的影响因素(P0.05)。结论大学生睡眠质量较差,欲提高大学生睡眠质量学校应重视心理健康教育,适当减轻课业压力,完善宿舍管理制度,学生自身应加强锻炼提高身体素质,积极创建良好的宿舍睡眠环境。     

医学生睡眠质量及其相关因素分析

目的　探讨学生睡眠质量与应付方式、个性类型之间的关系。　方法　采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PiusburghSleepQualityIndex ,PSQI)测试了 118名在校医学专业本科生。　结果　①医学生PSQI平均分为 6 .4 4±2 .2 2 ,19.5 %的学生有睡眠质量问题 ,男生高于女生 ,性别差异有显著意义 (χ2 =5 .6 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。②PSQI睡眠总分与性别呈显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与艾林克个性问卷因素N得分 (EPQN)呈极显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,与艾林克个性问卷因素E得分 (EPQE)、特质应对方式问卷积极应对方式维度得分 (PC)呈极显著负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。③逐步回归发现 ,医学生睡眠质量问题的主要直接影响因素依次为EPQN和EPQE。④情绪不稳定组PSQI睡眠总分明显高于情绪稳定组 ;个性内倾组PSQI睡眠总分明显高于个性外倾组。　结论　学生的睡眠质量与其性别、人格类型、应付方式等多种因素有关     

泰安市某高校2016级新生睡眠质量现状调查

目的调查泰安市某高校新生的睡眠质量现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,选取泰安市某高校547名2016级新生为研究对象,利用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)以及自制的影响因素调查表进行问卷调查,描述新生的睡眠质量状况并探讨其影响因素。结果参与调查的新生PSQI得分为5(3~7)分,其中26.51%存在睡眠质量问题。PSQI得分女生得分高于男生,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.84,P0.05)。抑郁与焦虑水平均与PSQI得分呈正相关(P0.05)。多因素分析显示,对录取专业的满意程度、人际交往、父母身体状况以及体育锻炼是影响睡眠质量的主要因素(P0.05)。结论该高校新生睡眠质量问题较为严重,且与抑郁、焦虑状态有关,应积极采取措施改善其睡眠质量。     

大学生睡眠质量及其影响因素研究

目的了解大学生的睡眠质量状况以及影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,利用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表,对辽宁省某大学的2496名大学生进行问卷调查。采用SPSS19.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果大学生的PSQI平均分数为(4.54±2.37)分,18.1%的大学生PSQI≥8分,存在睡眠质量问题。男生的睡眠质量较女生差(P0.05)。吸烟、喝酒、参加体育锻炼和心理因素为影响睡眠质量的因素(P0.05)。结论大学生的睡眠质量较差,其中"睡眠障碍"这一方面的情况尤为严重,学校及有关部门应采取适当干预措施提高大学生睡眠质量问题。     

江苏某高校大学生睡眠现状及影响因素分析

探讨大学生睡眠现状及其影响因素,为实施大学生睡眠障碍综合干预提供科学依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,以自行设计的睡眠质量影响因素调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和爱泼沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS)为测量工具评定江苏大学1 131名学生的睡眠情况及其影响因素.结果 29.5%的大学生存在睡眠障碍,女生睡眠障碍报告率(31.2%)高于男生(27.4%);大学生白天过度嗜睡(EDS)报告率为15.7%,大一学生(21.1%)明显高于大二(14.6%)和大三(11.5%)学生;Logistic回归分析显示,健康状况、熬夜、睡前长时间上网或玩手机、宿舍环境、情绪低落或心情较差、焦虑情绪等因素是影响大学生睡眠质量的主要因素.结论 大学生睡眠质量欠佳,主要影响因素为健康状况、生活习惯、社会心理因素、客观环境等.应采取有针对性的健康教育等干预措施改善在校大学生的睡眠质量.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients'' anxiety and depression

Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.     

The reported incidence of work-related ill-health in Scotland (2002-2003)

BACKGROUND: Although incidence data for work-related ill-health in the UK are available, more detailed information for smaller geographical areas has hitherto been unpublished. AIMS: To estimate the incidence of work-related ill-health reported by clinical specialists in Scotland, 2002-2003. METHODS: THOR (The Health and Occupation Reporting network) is a UK wide reporting scheme for work-related ill-health. In 2002-2003, 241 out of 2162 physicians in THOR were based in Scotland. We have summarized the reported cases and calculated incidence rates for categories of ill-health by age, gender and industry. The UK Labour Force Survey (2002) was used to provide denominator data, with comparisons made between rates for Scotland and the rest of the UK. RESULTS: In 2002-2003, 4043 estimated cases were reported from Scotland. Mental ill-health was most frequently reported (41%); followed by musculoskeletal disorders (31%), skin disorders (16%), respiratory disease (10%), hearing disorders (2%) and infection (1%). The reported average annual incidence rate per 100,000 employees for all work-related ill-health in Scotland was 86.0. The highest reported rate for mental ill-health was found for employees in public administration and defence (76.7 per 100,000), and health and social work (72.3 per 100,000). The construction industry had the highest reported rate of musculoskeletal disorders (41.6 per 100,000), while hairdressers appeared at most risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis (rate=86.4 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limitations, THOR has indicated types of work-related ill-health and related industries for targeted disease prevention in Scotland.     

Function of the protein RPE65 in the visual cycle

A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The palmitoylation of RPE65 serves to switch off the visual cycle in darkness and to switch it on in the light.     

Acute symptoms following work with pesticides

BACKGROUND: Serious accidental poisoning by pesticides is rare in the UK, but more minor pesticide-related illness may be under-reported. Anecdotally, use of sheep dip has been linked with flu-like symptoms. AIM: To explore the frequency, nature and determinants of acute symptoms following work with pesticides. METHODS: A postal survey of men in three rural areas of England and Wales provided data on occupational use of five categories of pesticide, occurrence of 12 specified symptoms within 48 h of using pesticides and tendency to somatize. Risk factors for pesticide-related symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression. RESULTS: Of 10 765 responders (response rate = 31%), 4108 had at some time used pesticides occupationally, including 935 (23%) who reported symptoms following such work on at least one occasion. In two areas, acute symptoms were most frequent following use of sheep dip (29 and 32% of users), but in the third area the rate was significantly lower (13% of users). The relative frequency of symptoms was similar for all five categories of pesticide, and flu-like symptoms did not cluster unusually among users of sheep dip. Risk of pesticide-related symptoms increased with somatizing tendency (prevalence ratio for highest versus lowest category 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.0) and was higher in men who had used pesticides most often or handled concentrate. CONCLUSION: Acute symptoms are common following work with pesticides, but in many cases the illness may arise through psychological rather than toxic mechanisms.     

The Life Events Inventory: re-scaling based on an occupational sample.

The objective of this study was to compare the validity of the original weightings used by the Life Events Inventory (LEI) with those obtained from a contemporary occupational sample. Fifty male and 62 female manufacturing employees (age range 16-55 years) assigned scores to each item on a slightly modified version of the LEI scale. The current sample consistently assigned higher weights to events/items than did the original sample, but there was high agreement in terms of item ranking. Some distinct age and gender differences in scoring were apparent, and are discussed further. It was concluded that when separate weightings are employed for age and gender groups, the LEI remains a useful tool for quantifying background levels of stress in both workplace stress audits and epidemiological studies where statistical control for non-occupational sources of stress is required.     

Maxillofacial injuries related to work accidents: a new concept of a hospital-based full electronic occupational trauma surveillance system

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of occupational maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. Twenty-six injuries were identified out of 28,624 patients admitted to the emergency unit during a 12 month period. Falls from height or being struck by moving objects were common causes of these injuries. Two-thirds of those identified were construction workers. This paper demonstrates the power of modern databases to identify specific occurrences that may provide the basis for prevention in the future.     

Rôles physiologiques des endocannabinoïdes dans le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipids which modulate the release of neurotransmitters and activate different signaling pathways, through the binding to cannabinoïd receptors, CB1 and CB2. Endocannabinoids are involved in the control of a variety of behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, including feeding behaviour. In the central nervous system, they essentially modulate the expression of orexigen or anorexigen neuropeptides thus resulting in the stimulation of food intake. Their peripheral targets are mainly the liver and the white adipose tissue where they stimulate lipogenesis, through the modulation of several enzymes and proteins expressions. Cannabinoïd receptor agonists are nowadays prescribed to improve appetite of people suffering from cancer or AIDS. In the same way, CB1 antagonist, such as Rimonabant, could provide efficient treatment of obesity.     

Stress in police officers: a study of the origins,prevalence and severity of stress-related symptoms within a county police force

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress-related illness are causing concern across industry. Against a background of impending legislative moves to try to improve this situation, there is a need to identify key work-related stressors. Police work tends to be regarded as inherently stressful because of the personal risk of exposure to confrontation and violence and the day-to-day involvement in a variety of traumatic incidents. As a result, high levels of stress-related symptoms might be expected in this population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the sources of stress-related symptoms within police officers and measure the prevalence of significant associated mental ill-health. METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a population of 1206 police officers was performed to assess levels of strain associated with a series of potential home and work related stressors. Participants were then split into low and high scoring groups on the basis of a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) threshold score in order to identify those stressors most associated with mental ill-health effects. RESULTS: Occupational stressors ranking most highly within the population were not specific to policing, but to organizational issues such as the demands of work impinging upon home life, lack of consultation and communication, lack of control over workload, inadequate support and excess workload in general. The high scoring group constituted 41% of the population and differed significantly from those with low scores in perception of all stressors, ranking both personal and occupational stressors more highly, and from personality constraints appeared significantly more 'stress-prone'. A significant association between gender and mental ill-health was found, with females more likely to score more highly on the GHQ than males. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous findings of organizational culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree of symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officers.