镇办纺织厂噪声对女工月经功能影响的调查

本文报告了镇办纺织厂工业噪声对女工月经功能影响的调查情况。调查噪声接触组共60人,噪声强度为75—103dB(A),对照组为本厂其它女工34人,噪声为70dB(A)以下。结果发现,噪声接触组的白带异常率占23％,与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05),而且白带异常随工龄增加呈上升、     

噪声对纺织女工月经功能影响的调查

目的 为研究探讨噪声对纺织女工月经功能的影响。方法 对接触不同噪声强度的织布和细纱车间192名女工的月经功能进行问卷调查,并同对照组进行比较。结果 织布车间女工月经异常率显著高于细纱车间(P<0.05)和对照组相比差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),且有随着工龄增长有增高的趋势(P<0.05),提示接触高强度噪声织布车间对女工月经功能有一定的影响并与工龄有关。结论 应加强该车间噪声治理和女工卫生保健。     

稳态噪声对女性生育机能及子代智力的影响

对长春市纺织工业系统的三家工厂中接触不同声强级稳态噪声的已婚女工879人,进行回顾性及现状职业流行病学调查。结果表明,接触噪声前后,月经功能异常率有非常显著差异;好高症、自然流产、早产及低体重儿的发生率有增高趋势,但差异不显著;高声强级组有2例出生缺陷,对照组及中声强级组则无;乳汁分配不足及过少阳性率则随声强级增加而增高(P<0.05);接触组子代智商明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。     

塑料作业女工月经功能变化研究

目的 探讨塑料生产中职业接触内分泌干扰物对女工月经功能的影响。方法 应用整群抽样方法和女性生殖情况调查表,对塑料厂作业女工(观察组)及非塑料作业女工(对照组)共719人进行自评问卷调查。结果 (1)观察组女工月经异常发生率明显高于对照组,且经期、经量和周期异常的发生率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)观察组女工经期和经量异常在不同工龄段间差异有显著性(P<0.05),但不存在线性关系。(3)将月经异常的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析,发现接触毒物与月经异常有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论 塑料作业中接触内分泌干扰物可对女工月经功能产生不良影响,提示有必要做进一步研究,以便采用措施,保护女工健康。     

甲苯与职业性噪声接触对听力损失的联合作用

目的 探讨甲苯与噪声联合接触对听力损失的影响。 方法 选择珠海市两家企业中同时接触甲苯和噪声人员78例为混合接触组,单纯接触噪声人员75例为噪声接触组,不接触职业病危害因素的办公室和后勤人员90例为对照组,进行现场甲苯浓度和噪声强度检测,对三组研究对象进行纯音测听检查,并对结果进行统计学分析。 结果 接触组各作业点甲苯浓度、噪声强度均超过国家职业接触限值。混合接触组与噪声接触组在高频段(3.0 kHz、4.0 kHz、6.0 kHz)听阈值差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。混合接触组与对照组比较,各频段听力差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。混合接触组、噪声接触组的语频听力异常检出率(25.6%、22.7%)均高于对照组(2.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05/3);混合接触组的高频听力异常检出率(51.3%)均大于噪声组(24.0%)和对照组(7.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05/3)。工龄≥ 5年者,混合接触组与噪声接触组听力损害发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 甲苯与噪声联合接触对听力损害有协同作用,应充分考虑联合接触因素的职业安全防护。     

职业性粉尘和噪声对血压及心电图的影响

为探讨职业性粉尘与噪声对血压和心电图的影响,对南昌市某车辆厂单纯接触粉尘261人、单纯接触噪声292人、同时接触粉尘和噪声249人以及对照组不接触粉尘和噪声300人行血压测量及常规同步十二导联心电图检查。结果显示,粉尘组(50/261)、噪声组(36/292)、粉尘+噪声组(67/249)血压异常率高于对照组(17/300),粉尘+噪声组的血压异常率高于粉尘组和噪声组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);粉尘组(26/261)、噪声组(20/292)、粉尘+噪声组(40/249)心电图异常率高于对照组(9/300),粉尘+噪声组的心电图异常率高于粉尘组和噪声组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);粉尘+噪声组随着接害工龄的增长,血压和心电图异常率均增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。提示,单纯接触粉尘或噪声与同时接触粉尘和噪声对心电图和血压均有影响;同时接触粉尘和噪声对血压和心电图的影响更明显,粉尘和噪声对血压和心电图的影响呈联合作用。     

某炼钢厂150名职业性噪声接触女工健康状况调查

目的探讨职业性噪声接触女工的健康状况,为保护女工的健康提供理论依据。方法选择150名某炼钢厂接触噪声女工作为接触组,另选择行政后勤女工125名作为对照组,将其结果比较分析。结果接触组的听力损伤、神经衰弱、月经失调、高血压检出率分别为23.33%、21.33%、19.33%、10.67%;均高于对照组的3.20%、12.00%、9.60%、6.40%,前3项两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。疾病检出率随着作业工龄的增加而增加。结论接触噪声女工的身体健康状况较对照组差,应予以重视。     

职业接触高频电磁场对女工生殖内分泌的影响

目的 探讨高频电磁场(25～30MHz)对女性生殖内分泌的毒性作用.方法 调查福州市区180名接触高频电磁场1年以上的鞋业女工及福州市区日用品超市349名身体健康的女工的月经状况与妊娠结局情况;随机抽取接触组与对照组女工(处排卵期)各30人,静脉采血,制备血清,并采用放射免疫法测定雌激素(E2)、孕激素(P4)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)水平.结果 高频电磁场接触1组和接触2组女工月经紊乱发生率(分别为33.8%、26.8%)明显高于对照组(12.0%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);接触1组女工月经经量异常发生率(16.9%)明显高于对照组(8.0%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触1组和接触2组P4水平[分别为(2.10±1.57)、(2.39±1.35)mg/L]明显低于对照组[(3.80±2.67)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).接触组E2、FSH和LH水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 一定强度高频电磁场可导致女工月经紊乱及月经经量异常发生率增加,对孕激素具有抑制作用.     

某钨钼厂噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果

目的 探讨生产性噪声对钨钼厂作业工人心血管系统的影响.方法 以某钨钼厂接触噪声作业的393人为接触组,另选非噪声作业工人386人为对照组,对两组人群进行职业健康检查、血压测量及心电图检查,两组检查结果用卡方检验进行统计学分析.结果 噪声接触组的血压及心电图异常发生率高于对照组,两者的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);不同年龄组、不同工龄组的噪声接触组的血压异常率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),并且随着年龄及工龄的增加,血压异常率有增加的趋势;年龄在20 ～ 30岁及工龄在0～10a的噪声接触组的心电图异常率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),其他年龄组及工龄组间的噪声接触组与对照组心电图异常率无明显差异.结论 噪声对钨钼厂作业工人心血管系统可产生不同程度的影响,应加强防护措施.     

新疆某大型钢铁厂噪声作业女工职业和生理健康状况及其影响因素

目的调查新疆某大型钢铁厂噪声作业女工职业健康与生理健康状况。方法于2014年10月—2015年9月期间开展现场监测,测定钢铁厂内作业场所中的噪声强度,以接触噪声女工372名作为观察组,同时选取222名不接触噪声作业女职工作为对照组进行职业健康检查和生殖健康调查。结果暴露于噪声环境下的女工其高血压、听力异常和月经异常的发生率均高于对照组(17.47%vs 5.86%;27.96%vs 7.66%;40.86%vs 26.58%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析显示,接触噪声女工随着噪声暴露量的增加,血压、听力损失和月经异常的检出率均增高;随着接噪工龄的延长,血压和听力损失的检出率增高;未采取有效防护措施者血压、听力损失和月经异常的检出率明显高于采取有效防护措施者。Logistic回归分析结果表明,无个体防护和累积噪声暴露量超过105 d B是导致高血压的危险因素;无个体防护、接触噪声工龄在10 a以上和累积噪声暴露量在95 d B以上是导致听力损失的危险因素;无个体防护和接触噪声工龄在10 a以上是导致月经异常的危险因素。结论新疆某大型钢铁厂接触噪声女工高血压、听力损失和月经异常检出率较高,应加强个体防护。     

黄体期避孕对月经影响的临床研究

目的:评估当妇女在月经周期有无保护性生活超过120h,或多次无保护性生活后于黄体期避孕对月经的影响。方法:在黄体期1次性服用米非司酮100mg并在36~48h后服用米索前列醇400μg,服药后观察月经情况。结果:100例受试者中4例妊娠,在成功避孕的96例中,月经提前68例(70·83%),延期15例(15·6%),无改变13例(13·5%)。服药前后比较,月经周期缩短,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),服药后月经出血天数5·76±1·18天,与妇女原来出血天数比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),与服药前自身经量比较,经量减少1例,相似90例,增多5例,经量与服药前差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。服药距下次月经时间为6·85±1·88天,服药距下次月经9~7天组和6~4天组月经周期缩短,与服药前相比差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05),而3~1天组月经周期改变不明显(P>0.05);出血天数及经量3组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:黄体期避孕有效率为96%,该方法可使妇女月经周期缩短,经期延长,且服药距下次月经时间长对月经周期影响较大。     

Is 3alpha-androstenol pheromone related to menstrual synchrony?

BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY: The ovarian cycles of females living and interacting together may synchronise due to pheromones released from axillary secretary glands, the highest concentration of which is produced in the mid-follicular phase, prior to ovulation. The objective of this study was to find evidence for menstrual synchrony in a group of female students living together and to obtain a correlation between the ability to smell the putative pheromone, 5alpha-androst-16-en-3alpha-ol (3alpha-androstenol), found in apocrine secretions and menstrual synchrony. This cross-sectional study involved 88 students who completed a standard questionnaire and whose sense of smell was measured using ten varying thresholds. The menstrual history, friendship scale and menstrual hygiene score was determined for the participants. RESULTS: A total of 59.1% of the subjects studied were found to have menstrual synchrony. There was no significant association between menstrual synchrony and smelling threshold. However, a significant correlation was found between menstrual synchrony and personal hygiene score (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The phenomenon of menstrual synchrony may be related to various factors. The results failed to demonstrate any significant difference between synchronised and non-synchronised subjects in detecting the steroid by sense of smell. However, the odours associated with menstrual blood or vaginal discharge might have an affect on menstrual synchrony.     

Menstrual pattern and lipid profiles during use of medroxyprogesterone acetate and estradiol cypionate and NET-EN (200 mg) as contraceptive injections

The objectives of this study were to compare effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate 25 mg + estradiol cypionate 5 mg (Cyclofem) and norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) upon the menstrual pattern and determine changes in lipoprotein parameters after 12 months of use. One-hundred females were included and 87 (45 with Cyclofem and 42 with NET-EN) women completing 12 months were evaluated. Menstrual changes were the leading complaint among users. At the end of 12 months, 20/45 (44.4%) and 18/41 (43.9%) Cyclofem and NET-EN users, respectively, had normal menstrual pattern. Irregular and infrequent bleeding were the two most important changes that occurred. The discontinuation rate at 12 months due to menstrual disturbances did not show any significant differences between the two preparations, but showed lower incidence compared to other studies. Total cholesterol, high-density, low-density and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased at 12 months in both groups and these changes were statistically significant.     

Menstrual Cycle Phase Effects on Memory and Stroop Task Performance

The present study examined differences in Stroop and memory task performances modulated by gonadal steroid hormones during the menstrual cycle in women. Thirty women with regular menstrual cycles performed a logical memory task (Wechsler Memory Scale) and the Stroop task. The results showed a significant difference in Stroop task performance between low and high levels of estradiol and progesterone during the menstrual cycle, but there was no significant difference in memory performance between the two phases, nor was there any significant mood change that might have influenced cognitive performance. These findings suggest that sex-related hormone modulation selectively affects cognitive functions depending on the type of task and low level secretion of estradiol appears to contribute to reducing the level of attention that relates to the prefrontal cortex.     

民航女乘务员生殖功能的流行病学调查

为了解飞机乘务员职业对女性生殖功能的影响，应用横断面及回顾性群组研究方法对某航空公司５３６名女乘务员及对照组４１７人的月经及生殖结局进行了调查。结果表明，乘务员组月经异常患病率明显高于对照组，主要表现为月经周期异常及痛经患病率增高。乘务员组的不良生殖结局（自然流产、死胎死产、早产、出生缺陷等）与对照组比未见显著性差异     

Predictors of hysterectomy as a treatment for menstrual symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is a common procedure in Australia; approximately 1 in 5 Australian women undergoing a hysterectomy by the age of 50 for indications such as fibroids, disorders of menstruation (including excessive or irregular menstrual bleeding), and endometriosis. However, little is known about the characteristics of women who have had the procedure or the predictors of hysterectomy as a treatment for menstrual problems. This study of 687 middle-aged Australian women suffering from menstrual symptoms aimed to identify the common health and demographic characteristics that were likely to lead to hysterectomy for the treatment of these problems. METHODS: A cross-sectional and a prospective cohort study were undertaken as a substudy of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (Women's Health Australia). Women from the mid-aged cohort of the Women's Health Australia study who identified having menstrual problems (n = 715) in the 1996 and 1998 surveys or who had undergone a hysterectomy (n = 218) during that time were recruited. A self-administered instrument was mailed to the 933 women in 2000. Data were analyzed using backward logistic regression to identify the characteristics that increased the likelihood of women undergoing hysterectomy for the treatment of menstrual problems. RESULTS: Factors that increased the likelihood of hysterectomy as a treatment for menstrual problems were varied. They included the number of menstrual symptoms experienced (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; p < .005) or conditions diagnosed (such as fibroids or excessive menstrual bleeding; OR, 2.5; p < .0005), a perception that information was available about menstrual problems (OR, 1.16; p < .001), being influenced in the decision making process to elect a treatment option (OR, 1.25; p < .025), and dissatisfaction with the other treatments tried before hysterectomy (OR, 0.63; p < .0005). CONCLUSIONS: Hysterectomy seem to be the treatment of choice for women experiencing a number of menstrual problems and less than satisfactory outcomes with other treatment options. Importantly, women appear to be making decisions based on the perception of sufficient information available about their menstrual problems, regardless of whether or not this was actually the case. Women are being influenced in their decision-making process to undergo a hysterectomy by health professionals, such as general practitioners and gynecologists.     

Menstrual cycle phases and personality variables as related to response to erotic stimuli

The present research examined the relationship between menstrual cycle phases and response to erotic stimuli. Correlations between response to erotic stimuli and extraversion and neuroticism, as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory, were also investigated. Subjects were 60 university coeds who were shown explicitly erotic slides and asked to rate their sexual arousal while viewing these stimuli. Although significant effects were found for slides, no significant differences were noted among women at different points in the menstrual cycle. Nonsignificant correlations were obtained between slide ratings and extraversion and neuroticism.The present study is based in part on a master's thesis submitted by the senior author to the faculty of Baylor University.     

妊娠时间作为妊娠早期生殖损伤筛选指标的探讨

目的 探讨妊娠时间作为妊娠早期生殖损伤观察指标的可行性。方法 以二硫化碳（CS2）作业女工为观察对象,（1）采用回顾性流行百闻不如一见 学研究方法调查已孕女工妊娠所需的月经周期数;（2）应用前瞻性流行病学研究方法。追踪观察待孕女工至临床妊娠时的月经周期数;（3）整理回顾性研究现场空气中CS2监测结果,监测前瞻性研究期间各观察时对象接触左浓度,结果 回顾性研究（127名接触者和108名对照）和前瞻性流行病学研究（257名接触者和366名对照结果均表明,女工接触CS2后各月经周期妊娠率明显低于对照组;且妊娠时间随其接触CS2浓度的增高（r=0.1198,P=0.024),腻主接触时间的增加（r=0.2799,P=0.000)而延长,结论 妊娠时间可作为妊娠早期生死损伤筛选指标之一。     

The effect of oxytocin on the corpus luteum of the monkey

The effect of a pharmacologic dose of synthetic oxytocin on corpus luteum function was evaluated in rhesus monkeys during normal menstrual cycles, or during menstrual cycles in which the corpus luteum was concomitantly stimulated by injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Oxytocin administered by intramuscular injection at a total dose of 4.5 milligrams (2250 I.U.) on Day +6 of the normal luteal phase (Day 0 is the day of the midcycle LH surge) did not change the concentrations of progesterone in the peripheral serum of monkeys or alter the duration of the luteal phase. The same dose of oxytocin, administered to monkeys on Day 22 of menstrual cycles in which hCG was also given on Days 20-22, caused a small, but statistically significant, reduction in serum progesterone values. The results indicate that oxytocin does not alter luteal life span or markedly change blood progesterone concentrations in primates.     

新兵训练对女兵性激素、月经功能的影响及其相关性研究

目的:探讨新兵训练对女兵生殖内分泌以及月经功能的影响,并进行相关性分析。方法:选取陆军某部女兵126名,采用酶免疫测定法(EIA)分别测定新训前、新训结束时血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、泌乳素(PRL)水平,并对437名女兵新训前、新训期、新训结束半年后的月经状况、月经疾患进行调查、随访和分析。结果:激素测定结果显示,新训后FSH、LH、P水平明显降低,E2、T、PRL水平均为明显升高,与集训前比较,差异显著(P<0.05);月经期除E2、P于集训后升高外,FSH、LH、T及PRL集训后与集训前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。新兵训练使女兵月经周期异常率、月经疾患发生率明显增高。结论:新兵训练对女兵性腺轴及月经功能有显著的影响,这种影响是功能性、可逆性的,对女性生殖健康并无永久性、器质性损害,但加强新训女兵生殖健康保健仍十分重要。