2014年深圳市福田区重点企业职业病危害因素及个人防护现状

目的了解福田辖区重点企业存在的职业病危害因素,为职业卫生监管部门有效监督提供依据。方法由专业人员采集2014年福田区辖区内54家企业的职业病危害因素,通过自填式问卷调查职工防护用具佩戴情况。结果福田区各类职业危害因素中化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素的合格率分别为99.5%、97.0%和85.9%。调查的各类企业的总职业危害因素合格率分别是电子业98.6%、服装100.0%、汽修98.2%、物流91.5%、印刷97.0%和珠宝100.0%。在涉及化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素职业危害的企业中提供防护用品的合格率分别为28.26%、16.67%、21.28%。在接触化学毒物、粉尘、物理因素职业危害的工人中能正确使用防护用具的分别有28人(84.85%)、9人(90.00%)和9人(32.14%)。结论福田区职业危害以噪声为主,相关企业提供防护用具的合格率和工人对防护水平的正确使用率较低,应加强该地区企业物理因素职业危害的监管和相关企业员工的培训。     

北京朝阳区381家企业职业健康状况调查

通过问卷调查方式,对朝阳区存在职业病危害因素的企业进行职业健康状况调查,381家企业中有109家(28.61%)为工人进行职业健康体检;粉尘职业健康体检率为26.82%、化学毒物职业健康体检率56.99%、物理因素职业健康体检率45.60%。内资企业占有比例较大(93.70%),接触职业病危害因素人数占职工总数的73.57%,应检岗位数占67.69%。朝阳区职业健康状况不容乐观,不同经济类型和行业企业的职业健康体检差异较大,本次调查为今后的职业卫生服务重点提供重要信息。 更多还原     

三次企业外来工职业危害现状调查

目的 了解三资企业外来工的职业危害状况，保护外来工的身体健康。方法 用统一的调查表采用现场调查及抽查问答的方式，对辖区内有关的23个三资企业外来工职业危害情况进行调查。结果 调查23个三资企业外来工3700人，从事有毒有害作业人数占865，主要分布于木业、粘胶、电子、机械、矿产等行业，接触粉尘作业人数占51.5%，毒物作业32.2%。物理性有害因素作业61.7%；作业现场监测粉尘、毒毒、物理因素合格率分别为32％、47％、34％；外来工接触毒害作业时间平均44h／周；外来工职业体检率也较低。结论 三资企业外来工从事有毒有害作业较严重，外来工文化水平低，自我保护意识差，不进行定期健康检查，三资企业外来工的职业危害问题应引起我们的关注。     

2011年无锡市1248家企业职业危害状况调查

[目的]掌握无锡市企业职业危害状况,为制定职业病防治对策提供依据。[方法]设计统一调查表,以无锡市8093家具有职业危害因素的企业之中的1248家企业作为调查对象,运用整群随机抽样法对职业危害因素监测、作业者职业健康监护和职业病发生情况进行调查。[结果]无锡市企业存在多种职业危害因素,如粉尘、物理因素、化学因素、高毒物品。作业场所空气监测合格率和职业健康监护率均较低:粉尘、高毒物品、物理因素的监测合格率分别为92.95%、92.36%、79.94%;矽尘、锰、铅、高温、噪声监测合格率分别为71.70%、76.47%、89.65%、58.52%、78.31%;231人被诊断为职业病,187人被诊断为尘肺,24人被诊断为职业性眼病。[结论]粉尘、噪声、苯系物、铅等是该市主要的职业危害因素,企业应继续加强职业危害因素监测和健康监护,保护劳动者健康。     

2014年南通市通州区107家中小企业职业病危害因素检测结果分析

目的通过对南通市通州区107家中小型企业作业场所中的职业病危害因素检测结果分析,了解全区中小企业的职业病危害情况,为相关部门进行职业卫生监督管理、职业卫生服务提供依据。方法对2014年该区中小企业作业场所中职业病危害因素监测情况进行描述分析。结果 2014年检测的107家企业中,职业病危害因素以噪声、粉尘为主,粉尘、毒物、物理因素的合格率分别为73.7%、89.6%、70.7%;其中粉尘、毒物的合格率较高,物理因素的合格率最低(χ2=53.6,P0.01)。结论该地区应重视各相关部门的密切配合,加强协作,增强用人单位的法律责任主体意识和社会责任感,提高企业和劳动者预防职业病的意识,切实做好职业病防治工作。     

2000-2002年宁波市职业卫生监测与健康监护结果分析

[目的]进一步掌握宁波市的职业卫生状况，为制定防治策略提供科学依据，推动职业卫生工作。[方法]对2000-2002年我市职业卫生现场监测状况以及有害作业人员健康监护情况进行分析。[结果]各类有害因素监测点平均合格率为64．59％，其中物理因素、粉尘的监测合格率较低，仅为48．52％和49．05％；各类企业中，乡镇企业有害因素监测合格率最低，为56．93％。全市有害作业人员健康体检38787人，检出职业病124例，平均检出率为0．32％，其中尘肺检出率最高，为0．42％；乡镇企业职业病检出率最高，为0．66％。[结论]应贯彻执行《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》，加大监督监测力度，降低物理因素、粉尘对人体的危害，并把我市的乡镇企业作为职业卫生的工作重点。     

成都市某区职业危害现况分析

目的 了解该区职业人群的健康状况.方法 对38家企业作业场所的职业病危害因素监测情况及42家用人单位的2 383名职工职业健康检查结果进行分析.结果 38家企业按所属性质分类,国有企业样品合格率为最高(87.3％),私营企业样品合格率为最低(63.5％),各类经济类型企业的样品合格率差异有统计学意义(X2 =4.053,P＜0.05);按职业病危害因素性质分类,粉尘、化学毒物、物理因素合格率分别为68.3％、91.4％和74.2％,三者合格率差异有统计学意义(X2 =35.053,P＜0.01);2 383名职工健康体检异常率为12.1％,职业病危害因素检测及职业健康检查单位覆盖率只有15.4％.结论该区工业企业职业病防制工作应大力加强,提高所有企业职业病危害因素检测及职业健康检查覆盖率势在必行.     

2004—2014年乌鲁木齐市职业病危害因素监测分析

目的分析乌鲁木齐市2004—2014年职业危害因素监测结果,采取有效的管理措施,以达到预防并减少职业病的目的。方法采用excel软件录入乌鲁木齐市2004—2014年67家委托进行职业病危害因素监测的企业的监测数据,利用SPSS 17.0从不同角度分析监测点行业合格率以及职业危害因素监测管理开展的情况并进行风险评估,采用TOPSIS法分析不同行业职业危害管理情况。结果 2004—2014年职业卫生监测的企业数、监测点数每年呈现上升趋势。监测点超标率也呈现稳中有降趋势,总的平均超标率从2004年的9.09%下降至2014年的0.84%。粉尘、化学毒物、物理因素的合格率稳中有升。各行业中建材类的合格率最低。风险评估显示粉尘作业为高度风险,化学毒物与噪声作业为低度风险。TOPSIS法分析显示,各行业中石油化工行业危害管理实施最好,新能源类行业最差。结论乌鲁木齐市委托进行监测的67家企业职业病危害因素中粉尘危害最大,其次是化学毒物。其职业危害管理情况不容乐观。应尽早制定并实施相应的对策措施以加强防护,保护劳动者的健康。     

唐山市市属企业粉尘危害及管理状况分析

目的 了解某市市属企业粉尘作业场所危害现状及职业卫生管理现状,为粉尘危害的监督和管理提供科学依据.方法 以某市市属所有工业企业为研究对象,采用自行设计的<工作场所粉尘危害情况调查表>,对企业粉尘作业场所和职业卫生管理情况进行调查.结果 该市共有市属企业90家,62家企业存在粉尘危害,占65.9%,有粉尘作业点834个,粉尘监测率为69.2%,监测合格率为88.9%,以个体企业的监测率(33.3%)和合格率(66.7%)最低;接尘人员健康体检率为55.8%,其中合资企业体检率最低(36.3%).62家企业中有防护设施的企业共有34家占54.8%,按时发放个人防护用品的企业占45.2%,无论是国有、集体、个人、外企,还是合资企业大部分都未能按时、按规定发放防护用品.结论 唐山市市属企业粉尘危害情况较重,粉尘作业点监测率、接尘工人体检率较低,个人防护用品发放和使用情况较差,需加强对上述企业的监督管理.     

金坛市职业危害因素现状调查分析

目的：了解金坛市工业企业职业危害因素现状，以促进我市职业病防治工作全面开展。方法：制定工业企业职业危害因素现状调查表，对306家工业企业进行调查。结果：306家工业企业共有职工11347名，其中接触职业危害作业的工人4957名，占43．69％；对职业危害作业点进行监测，监测合格率：粉尘、化学因素和物理因素分别为35．66％、61．25％、71．13％，总合率为51．68％。结论：近几年来，虽然该市卫生，劳动、环保等部门对工业企业职业危害因素进行了专项整治，但对照《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》及其相关标准尚存在较大的差距，需进一步加强落实职业病防治工作。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.