CYP1B1在成年肥胖小鼠巨噬细胞浸润及组织炎症中的作用

目的探讨CYP1B1(cytochrome P450,family 1,subfamily B,polypeptide 1)缺失对成年小鼠巨噬细胞募集及组织炎症作用。方法选择6 w周龄SPF级CYP1B1基因敲除(KO)和野生型(WT)雄性小鼠,给予低脂肪(LFD)、高脂肪(HFD)饲料,喂养6 w后分别测定各组全血葡萄糖及血清胰岛素水平。利用葡萄糖耐量实验,判断糖耐量损伤情况。HE染色及免疫荧光检测小鼠附睾脂肪组织的巨噬细胞浸润情况。多重实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测附睾脂肪组织及肝脏中巨噬细胞特异性蛋白(Emr1)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-a)的表达水平。结果 CYP1B1敲除可以改善高脂膳食导致的胰岛素敏感性下降;在附睾脂肪组织中,CYP1B1基因缺失与高脂肪膳食均促进巨噬细胞的募集,但CYP1B1缺失抑制高脂膳食对炎症因子的诱导;在肝脏组织中,高脂膳食诱导巨噬细胞的浸润,但CYP1B1基因缺失抑制小鼠巨噬细胞浸润并下调组织炎症因子的表达。结论 CYP1B1基因缺失对高脂膳食诱导的肥胖及相关的胰岛素敏感性下降的保护作用可能是由其对炎症抑制的组织特异性决定的。     

CYP1B1对肥胖小鼠脂肪组织血管新生因子影响

目的 探讨血管新生因子血管生成素Ⅰ和Ⅱ在保护幼年细胞色素P4501 B1(CYP1 B1)基因敲除小鼠营养性肥胖中作用.方法 CYP1 B1基因敲除和野生型雄性C57/BL小鼠(3周龄)各16只,给予低脂膳食(10％脂肪)、高脂膳食(60％脂肪)饲料11周;小鼠处死后取附睾脂肪组织检测血管密度及血管新生因子基因和蛋白表达.结果 野生高脂组小鼠脂肪组织血管密度下降,基因敲除小鼠脂肪组织血管分布不受影响;高脂膳食诱导下,野生型和基因敲除小鼠血小板-内皮细胞粘附分子CD31 mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05),野生型小鼠CD31蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05);与野生低脂组比较,高脂诱导后野生型和基因敲除小鼠血管生成素Ⅰ表达量分别为0.35和0.50(P ＜0.05),瘦素表达量则分别为2.48和1.42(P＜0.05);敲除高脂组瘦素表达量较野生高脂组下降(P＜0.05).结论 CYP1B1基因敲除对血管新生相关因子的调控可能在其营养性肥胖中起一定保护作用.     

CYP1B1基因敲除对高脂膳食诱导小鼠肥胖的抑制作用

目的 从整体水平探讨基因CYP1B1在机体脂肪代谢中的作用.方法 选择3周龄SPF级CYP1B1基因敲除(KO)和野生型(WT)雄性小鼠各16只,给予低(LFD)、高脂肪(HFD)饲料,每组8只.连续喂养11周.测定血清中甘油三酯(TG)的含量和肝脏组织中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR-γ)、脂肪酸转移酶(CD3...     

脂肪组织炎症在CYP1B1基因敲除抑制小鼠营养性肥胖及其胰岛素抵抗中的作用

目的 探讨脂肪组织炎症在CYP1B1基因缺失小鼠保护营养性肥胖及其胰岛素抵抗中的作用和可能机制.方法 选择3周龄SPF级CYP1B1基因敲除(KO)和野生型(WT)雄性小鼠各16只,给予低(LFD)、高脂肪(HFD)饲料,每组8只,连续喂养11周.采用实时定量RT-PCR测定脂肪组织中巨噬细胞相关炎症因子、胰岛素通路中...     

Fmr1基因敲除小鼠的被动回避行为及海马GAD的表达变化

目的 探讨Fmr1基因敲除小鼠的学习记忆功能和海马的谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)表达变化的关系.方法 对4周龄和6周龄的基因敲除型(KO)鼠和野生型(WT)鼠分别连续进行2天的被动回避行为的避暗和跳台实验观察后使用免疫印迹技术检测海马GAD的表达变化,根据所获得的数据进行多因素方差分析处理.结果 避暗实验中,4周龄和6周龄KO鼠潜伏期比WT鼠明显少(P＜0.05);而KO鼠的错误次数比WT鼠明显多(P ＜0.05);4周龄和6周龄KO鼠或WT鼠的潜伏期、错误次数无差异(P＞0.05),同周龄WT鼠第一天的潜伏期和错误与第二天相比无差异(P＜0.05).跳台实验中,4周龄和6周龄KO鼠的潜伏期比WT鼠明显少(P＜0.05);而KO鼠的错误次数比WT鼠明显多(P＜0.05);4周龄和6周龄KO鼠或WT鼠的潜伏期、错误次数无差异(P＞0.05);同周龄第一天KO鼠的潜伏期和错误次数与第二天相比无差异(P ＞0.05);同周龄第一天WT鼠的潜伏期和错误次数与第二天相比有显著差异(P＜0.05).GAD65/67蛋白在KO鼠海马表达比WT鼠增多(P＜0.05);随着周龄的增加,6周龄KO鼠或WT鼠的GAD 65/67蛋白表达比4周龄表达增多(P＜0.05).结论 4周龄和6周龄Fmr1基因敲除小鼠存在认知功能障碍,海马的GAD的表达异常变化可能介导Fmr1基因敲除小鼠学习记忆障碍.     

隔日禁食通过促进白色脂肪棕色化改善小鼠代谢

目的 利用Ctrp6基因敲除小鼠建立模型解析隔日禁食改善代谢的作用机制。方法 采用3月龄雌性的野生型（WT）小鼠和Ctrp6基因敲除（KO）小鼠进行隔日禁食实验，每种基因型分为两组：自由采食组（WT,n=9;KO,n=12）和隔日禁食组（WT-ADF,n=12;KO-ADF,n=12）。饲养实验持续14 w，期间所有小鼠自由饮水，每日记录采食量，每周称量体重。13 w进行葡萄糖耐受实验和小鼠行为学实验。14 w饲养实验结束后，取血清检测其中脂代谢相关因子含量，取小鼠皮下脂肪和棕色脂肪组织用RT-PCR检测其中棕脂标志性基因表达，利用蛋白印迹分析相关信号通路。结果 与自由采食组相比，隔日禁食组的WT和KO鼠的累积采食量均降低，体重增加减缓，体脂积累减少，葡萄糖耐受性增加，血脂降低，代谢得到改善。对皮下脂肪的基因表达分析，隔日禁食导致两种基因型小鼠皮下脂肪组织中的白色脂肪棕色化标志基因Ucp1和Pgc1α的mRNA和蛋白丰度均升高，其中KO鼠上升幅度更大；利用蛋白印记分析相关信号通路，隔日禁食组PKA磷酸化水平显著升高。结论 隔日禁食能够减缓小鼠体重增加，减少白色脂肪积累，改善小鼠代谢，这...     

4周龄Fmr1基因敲除小鼠的高架十字迷宫行为观察

目的对4周龄的Fmr1基因敲除小鼠的高架十字迷宫行为进行观察。方法采用SMART软件对4周龄的Fmr1基因敲除小鼠(KO)和野生型小鼠(WT)进行高架十字迷宫行为观察,数据采用多因素方差分析处理。结果采用SMART软件分析发现:在高架十字迷宫实验中,与WT组小鼠比较,KO组小鼠的运动性、兴奋性、探索性明显增强,且KO组小鼠在开放区域活动时间,次数以及路程均明显高于WT组。结论 4周龄Fmr1基因敲除小鼠的行为异常,运动性和兴奋性较野生型小鼠增高。     

高脂膳食对SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因缺失小鼠脂代谢的影响

目的探讨A类Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型清道夫受体(scavenger receptor class A typesⅠandⅡ,SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ)基因缺失对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法以SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因敲除与野生型雄性小鼠为对象,分别喂饲普通膳食和高脂膳食12w,应用酶法或油红O染色法检测脂质代谢(包括血脂水平和肝脏脂质水平)的变化,采用RT-PCR法检测肝脏B类Ⅰ型清道夫受体(scavenger receptor class B typeⅠ,SR-BⅠ)和CD36的表达。结果SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因敲除鼠与野生型鼠相比,高脂膳食喂饲的第3、6、12w,其血清TG、TC、LDL、HDL均比野生型小鼠下降,肝细胞中脂滴的数量较多,体积较大,SR-BⅠmRNA表达上调,CD36mRNA的表达无差异。结论高脂膳食诱导SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ基因缺失小鼠脂质代谢的变化可能与肝脏SR-BⅠ表达升高及外周脂质向肝脏的逆向转运有关。     

Plin1基因敲除对肥胖小鼠脂肪组织炎症反应的影响及机制研究

目的 探究Plin1基因敲除对肥胖小鼠脂肪组织炎症水平的作用及其可能分子机制。方法 将雄性野生型C57BL/6J小鼠和Plin1基因敲除小鼠随机分为普通饲料组和高脂饲料组4组（n=6）,喂养12 w后,隔夜禁食自由饮水12h,眼眶采取所有新鲜血液及组织样本,并颈椎脱臼处死,取各组小鼠血清及部分附睾脂肪组织,酶法测定小鼠血清中游离脂肪酸（nonesterified fatty acid,NEFAs）的水平;酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）试验测定小鼠血清和脂肪组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)及单核细胞趋化因子1(monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1)的水平;免疫组织化学染色法观测F4/80的表达程度;免疫荧光染色法和Western blot法观察核因子κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-B,NF-κB)亚基P65的转位及表达水平和NF-κB亚基P65表达及磷酸化差异...     

腺苷A2A受体基因对脓毒症肝损伤小鼠肝脏超微结构改变的影响

目的探讨A2A受体基因对脓毒症肝损伤小鼠肝脏超微结构的影响和意义。方法选用雄性清洁级C57BL/6腺苷A2A受体基因敲除小鼠为A2A受体基因敲除(KO)组,其同窝野生型C57BL/6小鼠,随机分别为野生型(WT)阳性组和WT阴性组。KO组和WT阳性组经腹腔注射热灭活大肠杆菌菌液,WT阴性组注射生理盐水。检测小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶水平;透射电镜观察肝脏超微结构的变化并对肝脏线粒体进行半定量评分。结果 WT阳性组ALT、AST水平比WT阴性组升高(P0.05)。结论腺苷A2A受体基因敲除小鼠正常线粒体数量减少,肝细胞结构破坏严重,肝功能下降明显。     

The protective effects of steamed ginger on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and adiposity in diet-induced obese mice

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe steamed ginger has been shown to have antioxidative effects and a protective effect against obesity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of steamed ginger (SGE) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model.MATERIALS/METHODSThe protective effects of SGE on adipogenesis were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring lipid accumulations and genes involved in adipogenesis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND, 10% fat w/w), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat w/w), and HFD supplemented with either 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg of SGE for 12 weeks. Serum chemistry was measured, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was determined in the adipose tissue. Histological analysis and micro-computed tomography were performed to identify lipid accumulations in epididymal fat pads.RESULTSIn 3T3-L1 cells, SGE significantly decreased lipid accumulation, with concomitant decreases in the expression of adipogenesis-related genes. SGE significantly attenuated the increase in body, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue weights by HFD. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in SGE fed groups compared to HFD. In adipose tissue, SGE significantly decreased adipocyte size than that of HFD and altered adipogenesis-related genes.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, steamed ginger exerted anti-obesity effects by regulating genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cell and epididymal adipose tissue of DIO mice.     

A Phellinus baumii extract reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice and absorption of triglyceride in lipid-loaded mice

This study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Phellinus baumii extract (PBE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, normal chow diet plus vehicle; HFD-control, high-fat plus vehicle; HFD plus orlistat (Xenical(?), Roche, Basel, Switzerland) (50?mg/kg); and HFD plus PBE (500?mg/kg). PBE was administered daily by oral gavage for 12 weeks. Oral administration of PBE (500?mg/kg) significantly reduced body weight gain, hepatic lipid concentrations, and fat accumulation in epididymal adipocytes compared with mice fed HFD alone (P?相似文献   

Dietary carnosic acid suppresses hepatic steatosis formation via regulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice

In this study, we examined the hepatic anti-steatosis activity of carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic compound of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves, as well as its possible mechanism of action, in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice model. Mice were fed a HFD, or a HFD supplemented with 0.01% (w/w) CA or 0.02% (w/w) CA, for a period of 12 weeks, after which changes in body weight, blood lipid profiles, and fatty acid mechanism markers were evaluated. The 0.02% (w/w) CA diet resulted in a marked decline in steatosis grade, as well as in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index values, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT) results, body weight gain, liver weight, and blood lipid levels (P < 0.05). The expression level of hepatic lipogenic genes, such as sterol regulating element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was significantly lower in mice fed 0.01% (w/w) CA and 0.02% (w/w) CA diets than that in the HFD group; on the other hand, the expression level of β-oxidation-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1), and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), was higher in mice fed a 0.02% (w/w) CA diet, than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). In addition, the hepatic content of palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and oleic acid (C18:1) was significantly lower in mice fed the 0.02% (w/w) CA diet than that in the HFD group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that orally administered CA suppressed HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fatty liver-related metabolic disorders through decrease of de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid elongation and increase of fatty acid β-oxidation in mice.     

Effect of Walnut Meal Peptides on Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

As a natural active substance that can effectively improve blood lipid balance in the body, hypolipidemic active peptides have attracted the attention of scholars. In this study, the effect of walnut meal peptides (WMP) on lipid metabolism was investigated in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The experimental results show that feeding walnut meal peptides counteracted the high-fat diet-induced increase in body, liver and epididymal fat weight, and reduce the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content. Walnut meal peptides also resulted in increased HDL-cholesterol while reducing the atherosclerosis index (AI). Additionally, the stained pathological sections of the liver showed that the walnut meal peptides reduced hepatic steatosis and damage caused by HFD. Furthermore, walnut meal peptide supplementation was associated with normalization of elevated apolipoprotein (Apo)-B and reduced Apo-A1 induced by the high-fat diet and with favorable changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (LCAT, CYP7A1, HMGR, FAS). The results indicate that walnut meal peptides can effectively prevent the harmful effects of a high-fat diet on body weight, lipid metabolism and liver fat content in rats, and provide, and provide a reference for the further development of walnut meal functional foods.     

High Fructose and High Fat Exert Different Effects on Changes in Trabecular Bone Micro-structure

Objectives

To compare the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and high-fructose diet (HFrD) on bone metabolism at different time points, dynamically observe the bone histology and femur trabecular micro-architecture, and analyze the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Sixty–Five male 6- to 7-week-old C57BL/6J mice were given HFD, HFrD, or standard diets (SD) for 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) and bone histology were used to measure bone mass and trabecular micro-structure. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of genes related to bone and lipid metabolisms.

Results

Compared to SD mice, femoral trabecular bone mass was significantly increased in both HFrD mice and HFD mice at 8 weeks, it continued to be higher in HFrD mice at 16 and 24 weeks with the highest level at 16 weeks, but it was significantly decreased in HFD mice at 16 and 24 weeks. HFD mice showed more epididymal fat accumulation than HFrD mice. mRNA expression of Runx2 was up-regulated at 8 and 16 weeks, but down-regulated at 24 weeks similarly in both HFrD mice and HFD mice. mRNA expression of MMP9 and CTSK was up-regulated at 8 and 16 weeks in HFD mice, but down-regulated at 24 weeks in both HFrD mice and HFD mice.

Conclusions

Our data indicated that the HFrD and HFD had different modulating effects on bone mass. After short-term feeding, both HFrD and HFD showed positive effects on bone mass; however, after long-term feeding, bone mass was decreased in HFD mice. In contrast, the bone mass was first increased and then decreased in the HFrD mice. On the basis of these findings, we speculated that chronic consumption of fat and fructose would exert detrimental effects on bone mass which might a combination action of body mass, fat mass, and bone formation/bone resorption along with proinflammatory factor and bone marrow environment.