阿立哌唑联用氨磺必利治疗男性精神分裂症患者高泌乳素血症30例

目的观察阿立哌唑联用氨磺必利对男性精神分裂症高泌乳素血症患者临床疗效的影响。方法将60例精神分裂症高泌乳素血症患者随机分为氨磺必利组(对照组)和氨磺必利+阿立哌唑组(联合组)两个组,每组30例;于治疗前和治疗8周后检测患者血清泌乳素水平的变化,观察血清泌乳素水平变化情况。结果治疗8周后,两组总有效率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而治疗8周后联合组泌乳素水平低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿立哌唑治疗男性精神分裂症患者疗效好且安全,而且氨磺必利联合阿立哌唑后明显降低男性精神分裂症高泌乳素血症患者血清泌乳素水平。     

氨磺必利治疗儿童少年期精神分裂症的疗效分析

目的探讨氨磺必利治疗儿童少年期精神分裂症的疗效及安全性,为临床治疗提供依据。方法选取我院2012年6月至2014年1月收治的儿童少年期精神分裂症96例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和氨磺必利治疗组,每组48例。氨磺必利治疗组采用氨磺必利治疗,对照组给予奥氮平治疗。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床总体印象量表-严重程度和改善程度(CGI-SI)、不良反应量表(TESS)评价疗效以及不良反应。应用SPSS 17.0软件进行χ2检验及t检验,偏态分布病程资料采用非参数秩和检验。结果对照组和氨磺必利治疗组的有效率分别为68.75%和77.08%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗8周后,氨磺必利治疗组患儿的阳性症状分、阴性症状分、精神病理分、PANSS总分及CGI-SI总分分别为(8.35±3.18)、(9.07±2.54)、(19.42±4.58)、(36.61±6.97)和(2.03±0.31)分,对照组分别为(9.14±2.72)、(9.63±3.16)、(28.19±4.87)、(48.13±5.29)和(2.65 0.45)分,氨磺必利治疗组上述指标均较对照组明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);氨磺必利治疗组不良反应[TESS值为(0.59±0.13)分]明显低于对照组[TESS值为(2.76±0.27)分],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氨磺必利治疗儿童少年期精神分裂症的临床疗效显著,不良反应少,耐受性较好,值得在临床广泛推广。     

氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症效果对比

目的探讨氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的临床效果比较。方法选取2014年3月—2016年2月诊断并治疗的首发精神分裂症患者176例,随机分对照组和观察组,两组各88例,对照组采用氨磺必利治疗,观察组采用奥氮平治疗,比较两组疗效及不良发应情况,计数资料采用χ~2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果对照组总有效率(93.19%)与观察组总有效率(92.05%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用氨磺必利药物与奥氮平药物治疗首发精神分裂症效果相当,值得临床应用。     

长期服用氨璜必利对精神分裂症患者心电图及心肌酶的影响

目的:探讨长期服用氨璜必利对精神分裂症患者心电图及心肌酶的影响.方法:将135例精神分裂症患者随机分为氨璜必利组(60例)和氯氮平组(75例),于治疗前及治疗后每月进行心电图及心肌酶检查,共观察24个月.结果:氨磺必利组和氯氮平组心电图异常人数的比例分别为25.86％,47.76％,两组比较有统计学意义(x2=6.35,P＜0.05);氨磺必利组心电图改变特点在窦性心动过速、T波改变、S-T段改变、Q-T间期延长上较氯氮平组减少(x2值=4.67、7.81、7.47、4.72,P均＜0.05);氨磺必利组心肌酶指标CK-MB、AST较氧氮平组低(t=11.55,P＜0.05),两组CK、LDH比较无统计学差异(P均＞0.05).结论:氨璜必利对心电图及心肌酶影响显著低于氯氮平.     

氨磺必利与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的临床效果观察

目的探讨氨磺必利与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效和安全性。方法选择2014年2月—2015年2月收治的60例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组各30例。对照组给予口服利培酮治疗,1 mg/次,1次/d,根据病情调整至2~3 mg/次,2次/d;研究组给予口服氨磺必利治疗,100 mg/次,1次/d,根据病情调整至200~600 mg/次,2次/d。两组均治疗8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative symptoms scale,PANSS)评定临床疗效,不良反应量表(treatment emergent symptom scale,TESS)评定不良反应发生情况。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果治疗后研究组总有效率为93.3%,对照组为86.7%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组与对照组治疗后2、4、8周PANSS得分分别为(71.5±17.1)、(59.8±14.4)、(47.1±10.1)、(72.6±17.5)、(60.2±15.2)、(48.3±13.9)分,均明显低于治疗前的(85.4±15.1)、(89.6±16.2)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。研究组总不良反应发生率、锥体外系反应发生率分别为20.00%、0,显著低于对照组的46.67%、20.00%,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症疗效显著,与利培酮疗效相当,安全性高,患者依从性好,值得临床推广应用。     

氨磺必利联合奥氮平治疗精神分裂症临床疗效及其对患者认知功能的影响观察

目的 观察氨磺必利(amisulpride, AMI)联合奥氮平(olanzapine, OLA)治疗精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SCH)的临床疗效及其对患者认知功能的影响。方法 选取2020年7月—2022年6月宁德市福鼎精神病医院收治的SCH患者120例,随机分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组给予奥氮平口崩片10～20 mg/d,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予氨磺必利片0.1～0.2 g/d,连续用药8周后,评价两组患者阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome,PANSS)评分,并根据PANSS减分率评估两组患者的临床疗效;同时,运用重复性成套心理状态测验(repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status,RBANS)量表、威斯康辛卡片分类测验(wsiconsin cardsortingtest,WCST)等工具对患者认知功能进行测评。结果 两组治疗前PANSS量各项评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗8周后,两组PANSS量表各...     

氨磺必利联合文拉法辛治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨氨磺必利与文拉法辛合用治疗阴性精神症状的疗效和安全性。方法:选取伴阴性症状的精神分裂症共计82例,按随机原则平均分为两组,研究组口服氨磺必利治疗的同时合并服用文拉法辛,对照组仅服氨磺必利治疗,持续观察12周。以阳性与阴性精神症状量表(PANSS)评定临床疗效,分别于治疗前及治疗第4周、8周、12周末进行评估,治疗期间以副反应量表(TESS)评定安全性。结果:服药12周末,研究组与对照组治疗有效率分别为92.68%和90.24%,无明显统计学差异,服药4周末两组PANSS总分及阳性、阴性因子分均显著下降(P0.01),随着时间的推移,呈进一步下降;治疗4周末、8周末、12周末,研究组阴性因子分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:氨磺必利与文拉法辛合用能更有效地改善精神分裂症的阴性症状。     

氨磺必利与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效和安全性对比分析

目的：分析研究氨磺必利和利培酮针对治疗首发精神分裂症患者的治疗效果以及安全性比较。方法：选取2010年12月到2012年11月的70例精神分裂症患者资料进行回顾性分析,将70例患者随机分为两组,观察组和对照组各35例,观察组患者使用氨磺必利进行治疗,对照组患者使用利培酮进行治疗,观察组和对照组患者在基线以及治疗之后8周实施血压、体重、脉搏检测,为患者进行阳性以及阴性症状量表评分,为患者进行精神分裂抑郁量表评分,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果：在治疗8周之后观察组患者的有效率为90．6％,对照组的有效率为54．2％,两组比较没有显著差异（P〉0．05）,不具有统计学意义;观察组患者的阴性症状量表减分评分与精神分裂抑郁量表减分全部显著高于对照组患者（P〈0．05）,具有统计学意义。结论：氧磺必利与利培酮的治疗效果相似,但是氨磺必利针对阴性症状以及抑郁情况的治疗效果较高,对患者的糖代谢、泌乳素以及心血管的影响相对来说更小,可以在临床中加以推广使用。     

阿立哌唑与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效

目的评价阿立哌唑与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的临床疗效与安全性。方法 60例住院治疗的精神分裂症患者,随机分为2组,每组各30例。研究组口服阿立哌唑治疗,对照组口服奥氮平治疗,观察时间8周。于治疗前及治疗后4、8周采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、阴性症状评定量表(SANS)评价其疗效,副反应量表(TESS)及实验室检查评价其安全性。结果阿立哌唑组显效率为76.7%,有效率为93.2%。奥氮平组分别为80.0%和96.7%,2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后第2周起2组PANSS总分及各因子分均较治疗前有显著下降(P均0.01),并随治疗时间的延续呈持续性下降,但2组间同期比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。SANS总分和各因子分均较治疗前显著下降(P0.05)。2组治疗前催乳素水平比较,差异无统计学意义,治疗后研究组显著低于对照组(P0.01)。2组不良反应轻微,但研究组体质量增加、嗜睡及泌乳发生率均显著低于对照组(P均0.05),而静坐不能、失眠发生率研究组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论阿立哌唑与奥氮平在治疗精神分裂症阴性症状方面都具有显著效果且疗效相当,阿立哌唑在体质量增加、嗜睡及泌乳方面的不良反应小于奥氮平。     

齐拉西酮与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效观察

目的 对比观察齐拉西酮和奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效.方法 78例精神分裂症患者被随机分为两组,分别给予齐拉西酮和奥氮平口服治疗,比较两组患者的治疗疗效及不良反应（TESS量表）,并于治疗前,治疗后1、2、4、8周记录PANSS评分比较.结果 两组治疗结束时PANSS评分较治疗前明显降低（P＜0.05）;治疗开始后,齐拉西酮组各时间点PANSS减分率于奥氮平组无明显差异（P＞0.05）;两组不良反应发生率无明显差异（P＞0.05）,但奥氮平组以体重增加为主,齐拉西酮组以心动过速,失眠,恶心为主,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;奥氮平治疗的有效率为79.5％,齐拉西酮治疗的有效率为84.6％,两组间无明显差异（P＞o.05）.结论 奥氮平和齐拉西酮均能有效治疗精神分裂症,两种药物的主要不良反应不同,可根据患者情况具体选择相应药物.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.