Nutritional Status Of A Healthy, Middle Class, Elderly Population

Dietary intakes were examined in a group of New Mexican elderly subjects without financial or medical restrictions. Intakes were often similar to those of survey populations more representative of the United States population.     

农村居民营养知识态度与行为调查

目的：调查农村居民营养知识、态度及行为现状,为提出切实可行的营养教育方案提供科学依据。方法：抽取某地农村387名18~60岁农民,进行面对面问卷调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果：调查对象《中国居民膳食宝塔》知晓率为17.0%,对蔬菜水果、脂肪、肥肉、乳制品、豆制品营养价值的知晓率较高,对主食、多品种摄入食物等知识知晓率较低。农村居民的学习营养知识及应用态度较为积极,营养行为整体较差,各品种食物食用频次较低。结论：农村居民营养知识水平整体较低,对营养知识态度较为积极,营养行为较不合理。应针对农村居民特点制订营养教育方案,纠正农村居民膳食品种偏少、食用频次偏低的状况。     

Development, validity and reliability of the Derby Nutritional Score

Background: The Derby Nutritional Score (DNS) is a new instrument which has been developed to screen the nutritional status of all adult patients on admission to hospital. In this article we describe the rationale for its development and report the findings of two related studies in which the validity and inter-rater reliability of the instrument were evaluated. Methods: Eighty-nine patients were screened by nursing staff on admission using the DNS and were assessed within 8 h by an experienced senior dietitian using a Dietetic Assessment Scale (DAS). In the reliability study, 70 patients were screened by five experienced nurses within 8 h of admission. Results: Moderately good agreement (kappa=0.6) was reached between scores obtained using the DNS and ratings obtained by the DAS. Similarly, agreement between pairs of nurses with respect to classification of nutritional risk was found to be high (median kappa=0.7). Conclusion: The DNS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument which can be administered accurately and relatively quickly by trained nursing staff to identify patients at risk of malnutrition.     

大学体育教师营养认知及行为调查

目的了解大学体育教师的营养知识、态度、行为水平及其影响因素,为对其进行有针对性的营养教育提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样法抽取四川省8所大学180名体育教师,采用自行设计的问卷进行营养认知及行为调查。结果营养知识、态度、行为得分优秀的分别有19、99、26人,优秀率分别为18.9%、61.9%、16.4%;营养知识平均得分为(20.60±3.09)分,111人及格,及格率为69.7%;营养态度平均得分为(4.99±0.34)分,愿意改变自身不良饮食习惯的132人,占82.4%;注意自身体重变化的118人,占73.5%;认为很有必要掌握营养知识的150人,占93.6%;122人认为目前掌握的营养知识不足以满足当前教学和生活需要,占76.4%;营养行为平均得分为(10.96±1.00)分,在三餐安排方面,自认为晚餐最丰富的121人,占76.2%;午餐最丰富的仅19人,占12.3%。结论大学体育教师营养知识的掌握情况较差,营养态度普遍较好,但欠缺合理的营养行为。     

Nutritional models

Summary  A number of nutritional models have recently been developed in the UK. The Institute of Grocery Distribution (IGD)'s Industry Nutrition Strategy Group reviewed these models. A number of criteria were used to develop a template, making it easier to compare and contrast the models and to better understand the intended aims of the models and how they work. This work also highlighted a number of issues that need to be considered when a model is developed.     

鼻咽癌患者营养状态的评价及营养辅助治疗

<正> 为了客观地评价鼻咽癌(NPC)患者的营养状态,我们对131例NPC患者进行观察,现将初步结果报告如下: 临床资料及观察结果 1.病人:131例病人均经病理确诊,其中男86例,女45例。按TNM分期,Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期35例,Ⅲ期70例,Ⅳ期24例。病理诊断低分化鳞癌102例,泡状核细胞癌23例,未分化癌     

Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Methods to Identify Nutritional Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) experience several nutritional challenges and are prone to develop malnutrition. This observational study aimed to perform a comprehensive nutritional assessment of outpatients diagnosed with RA and SpA, as well as to evaluate methods to identify nutritional risk. Nutritional status was investigated by anthropometric measures, body composition (DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), and handgrip strength (HGS). Nutritional risk was classified by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and malnutrition was defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg/m², <16.7 (M), <14.6 (F)). Out of 71 included patients, 46 (66%) were abdominally obese, 28 (39%) were obese in terms of body mass index (BMI), and 33 (52%) were obese in terms of the fat mass index (FMI; kg/m², ≥8.3 (M), ≥11.8 (F)). Malnutrition was identified according to FFMI in 12 (19%) patients, according to GLIM criteria in 5 (8%) patients, and on the basis of BMI (<18.5 kg/m²) in 1 (1%) patient. None were identified by NRS2002 to be at nutritional risk. Our study revealed high prevalence of abdominal obesity and low FFMI. Waist circumference was a good indicator of FMI. BMI, NRS2002, and HGS did not capture patients with malnutrition identified by DXA.     

营养风险理念解读

营养风险是指与营养因素有关的出现临床并发症的风险,而不是出现营养不良的风险。通过发现患者的营养风险,预测患者的临床结局,监测患者使用临床营养支持的效果。     

Nutritional Status and Implementation of a Nutritional Education Program in Young Female Artistic Gymnasts

Adolescent high-performance gymnasts are considered to be at risk for low energy intake. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of implementing a nutritional education program during the sports season on the nutritional status and nutrition knowledge of the female artistic gymnasts from the Technification Center of the Balearic Islands (n = 24; age, 14.1 ± 2.3 years). A quasi-experimental intervention design was applied, which consisted of implementing a nutritional education program of seven sessions given during eight months. Measurements of nutritional intake, nutrition knowledge, and anthropometric parameters, as well as hematological and biochemical blood parameters, were performed. Gymnasts reported low energy and carbohydrate intakes, with significant increases during the study (energy, 28.3 ± 1.4 vs. 32.8 ± 1.4 kcal kg⁻¹, p = 0.015, carbohydrate 3.2 ± 0.2 vs. 3.9 ± 0.2 g kg⁻¹, p = 0.004). The average values for parameters such as hemoglobin, ferritin, lipoprotein, and vitamin C and E levels in the plasma were within normal ranges. Low intakes of most of the food groups were observed during the study, with similar initial and final values. Nutrition knowledge did not change as a result of the study (28.0 ± 1.7 vs. 31.1 ± 1.3, p = 0.185). In conclusion, gymnasts reported low energy intakes. However, blood markers and most of the anthropometrical parameters measured were within normal ranges. The nutrition education program implemented did not produce significant improvements in the dietary habits or nutritional knowledge of gymnasts.     

A Review of Cutoffs for Nutritional Biomarkers

The nutritional status of an individual or population needs to be assessed through valid and reliable biomarkers. Cutoffs generally have an underlying relation to health status and are one of the important quantitative criteria against which biomarker outputs are compared. For this reason, cutoffs are integral for surveys, surveillance, screening, interventions, monitoring, and evaluation. Despite their importance, nutritional biomarker cutoffs have not been adequately addressed in the literature. Furthermore, the field has not reached a consensus on which cutoff to use for each biomarker, and different cutoffs are often used for the same biomarkers in published studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cutoffs related to nutritional biomarkers and highlights some of the high-priority research gaps and challenges of using micronutrient case studies.     

营养干预、营养风险对临床结局影响研究的方法学

目的探讨营养干预和营养风险对临床结局影响的研究方法。方法检索出PubMed中与营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）有关的文献，从中选择涉及临床结局的研究，对研究结果和研究方法进行总结和分析。结果共检索出20篇文献与NRS2002有关，其中8项研究涉及临床结局。临床结局包括并发症、住院时间、死亡率和住院费用等终点指标，其中并发症的判断标准和住院时间的研究方法存在差异。与无营养风险（NRS〈3分）者相比，有营养风险（NRS≥3分）者的并发症发生率及死亡率增加、住院时间延长、住院费用增加。一项研究显示对有营养风险者进行营养干预可缩短其中有并发症患者的住院时间。结论在有关临床结局的研究中，并发症和住院时间应有明确的判断标准。营养支持对有营养风险者临床结局的影响是进一步研究的方向，目前可采用非随机对照研究，通过多因素分析方法排除营养支持之外的混杂因素的影响。     

对学龄儿童营养状况的宏观监测

对学龄儿童营养状况的宏观监测ＴｈｅＮｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌＭｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｉｎＥｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙＳｃｈｏｏｌｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ周俊梅何志谦１苏宜香１（华南理工大学食品工程系，广州５１０６４１）ＺｈｏｕＪｕｎｍｅｉ，ＨｅＺｈｉｑｉａｎ，ＳｕＹｉｘｉ...     

145名老人营养调查

<正> 为探讨老人营养与疾病的关系,于1985年4月对高安县城143名老人进行了膳食调查,体格检查和生化测定。 一、调查方法 1.调查对象:居住在高安县城的离休,退休老干部(下称老人)143名(男97人,女46人),汉族,平均年龄62岁(60～78岁)。一般都从事家务,进行社交和室外活动(打太极拳、散步等),其身高和体重如表1:     

螺旋藻的营养评价

<正> 螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)是一种微形蓝藻,藻丝呈螺旋状盛产于非洲和南美洲的盐湖中。一百多年前当地居民已开始用于制造食品,由于它含蛋白质量很高,引起营养学家的极大兴趣。1973年在美国召开的微生物蛋白质国际会议提出螺旋藻为新的蛋白源,1974年联合国世界粮食会议确认螺旋藻为重要蛋白源。此后,人们开始注意对螺旋藻的开发。现在美国、日本、意大利和墨西哥都已开始进行一定规模     

羽衣甘蓝的营养评价

羽衣甘蓝,学名brassicaOleraceavar.acephala,D.C.,别名:无头甘蓝、海甘蓝,为十字花科芸薹属甘蓝种中的一个变种,二年生草本。原产于欧洲南部,地中海北岸,在意大利、罗马、英国、希腊等地早已种植,为欧洲市场上的主要蔬菜。我国引进的时间不长,现作为特菜可在大饭店、宾馆和一些超市中见到。羽衣甘蓝食用部分为具有皱褶的嫩叶,凉拌、炒食皆可。其叶色碧绿诱人,是绿叶菜家族中的一个上好的品种。为了进一步认识羽衣甘蓝的营养价值,我们用与之同种的结球甘蓝作为对比,对羽衣甘蓝作了较为全面的营养分析。1　材　料　与　方　法1.1　材料　　…     

器官移植患者的营养支持

器官移植患者的营养支持关系到移植器官的功能。近年来，本所将营养支持已应用于肝移植、肾移植、胰腺移植、小肠移植、骨髓移植、联合器官移植和多器官移植的患者身上，提高了手术成功率，治愈了术后严重并发症。营养支持分为移植前期、围手术期和移植后期进行。各期应按病情特点进行合理的肠外与肠内营养支持，做到个体化。谷氨酰胺、生长激素等特殊营养素对危重器官移植患者具有代谢调理和免疫调理作用。     

不同专业大学生营养状况及相关因素分析

目的 了解大学生的营养状况,医学和非医学专业学生的营养知识知晓率、营养态度及行为.方法 采取整群随机抽样法,抽取1 592名在校学生进行问卷调查;使用体质指数评价学生的营养状况;应用X~2检验进行分析.结果 医学生在营养知识问题和日常饮食上的及格率为95.4%,74.8%,非医学生为83.2%,67.3%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000,0.001),但是二者在营养状况和营养态度上却没有明显差异;医学生和非医学生分别有633人(77.2%)和534人(69.0%)每天都吃早餐,分别有793人(96.8%)和732人(94.7%)选择在学校餐厅早餐,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);大学生对营养知识了解掌握情况不佳,大多数学生都有好的态度,但却不能付诸行动;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,与营养状况有关的危险因素有偏食和晚上加餐,保护因素有母亲文化程度和每天吃中餐.结论 大学生膳食健康状况不容乐观,应普及大学营养知识教育.     

黑加仑的营养学研究

<正> 黑加仑为重要浆果类之一,其浆果一般供生食。近年来,这一资源经多方利用,制成清凉饮料、果酒、香精等产品,风味鲜美,畅销国内外。除野生资源外,人工栽培发展也很快。但迄今尚未见到关于黑加仑及其制品营养成分的分析报告。我们对黑加仑浆果及其制     

朝鲜蓟的营养成分分析

朝鲜蓟(Artichoke,学名Cynara scolymusL.),为菊科多年生蓟类植物。原产地中海沿岸,欧洲南部及北非。其食用部分为肉质花托及花托的肥嫩苞片。朝鲜蓟的叶是一种欧洲传统的草药,含有洋蓟酸等物质,具有利尿、促进胆汁分泌及降低胆固醇的作用。其根部含有较多的菊糖。我国上海、浙江、云南、山东及北京等地已有种植。我中心从德国引进朝鲜蓟进行栽培,并对其花蕾的食用部分进行了营养成分分析。1材料与方法1.1材料朝鲜蓟取自本中心实验农场。将其分为花托(receptacle)、苞片的可食部(inside fleshof the bracts)和苞片不可食部(outside partso…     

白花木瓜营养成分分析

<正>木瓜在我国栽培历史悠久,是常用的中药材品种之一,也是重要的药食同源资源之一[1]。现代化学和药理学研究结果表明,木瓜富含有机酸类、三萜类、黄酮类、蛋白质、多种氨基酸和微量元素,有抗菌消炎、抗肿瘤、保肝和免疫调节等生理功效。由于其临床应用广泛。近年又被应用于化妆品和保健品领域,成为研究热点之一[2]。