抗SSB抗体检测在系统性红斑狼疮中的临床意义

[目的]探讨抗SSB抗体对系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断的敏感性和特异性,并了解其与SLE临床表现的关系。[方法]采用线型免疫印迹(LIA)法检测SLE患者与对照组血清抗SSB抗体,并记录SLE患者的主要临床表现,分析其与抗SSB抗体的关系。[结果]74例SLE患者血清中25.7%抗SSB抗体阳性,30例对照组仅3.3%阳性,抗SSB抗体在SLE中检测的敏感性25.7%,排除类风湿关节炎(RA)和原发性干燥综合症(pSS)后抗SSB抗体在SLE中检测的特异性为96.7%。抗SSB抗体阳性组的SLE患者颊部红斑、脱发、浆膜炎、继发性干燥综合征(sSS)、周围血象减低、IgG升高、抗SSA60抗体阳性、抗SSA52抗体阳性及两者均阳性的发生率显著高于抗SSB抗体阴性组(P均﹤0.05)。[结论]抗SSB抗体对SLE的诊断有重要意义,与颊部红斑、脱发、浆膜炎、sSS、周围血象减低、IgG升高、抗SSA60抗体阳性和或抗SSA52抗体阳性有一定相关性。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清中IP-10测定及其临床意义

目的 探讨血清γ干扰素诱导蛋白10（interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10kD,IP-10）水平与系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）疾病活动的关系及意义.方法 采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测32例SLE患者和30例正常对照者血清中IP-10水平,分析其与SLE病情活动指数（SLEDAI）、抗dsDNA抗体滴度、补体C3、肾损害的相关性.结果 （1）患者血清IP-10水平[（303±187）pg/ml]明显高于正常对照组[（72±50）pg/ml],活动期患者（512±347）pg/ml]高于非活动期患者[（128±115）pg/ml];患者血清IP-10水平与疾病活动指数呈正相关（r=0.54,P＜0.01）;血清IP-10水平与抗dsDNA抗体呈正相关（r=0.51,P＜0.01）,而与补体C3呈负相关（r=-0.41,P＜0.05）.（2）肾损害组血清IP-10水平[（532±307）pg/ml]明显高于非肾损害组（241±108）pg/ml].结论 IP-10水平可作为监测SLE疾病活动程度和肾脏损害的指标之一.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者抗β2-糖蛋白-1抗体与CD62P的检测意义

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者抗外周血β2-糖蛋白-1抗体(抗β2-GP1抗体)与CD62P的表达及与发生血栓的关系.方法 对86例SLE患者及40例健康献血员用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清抗32-GP1抗体滴度,同时用流式细胞术检测外周血血小板活化指标CD62P.结果 (1) SLE患者中抗β2-GP1抗体阳性率明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.01);并发血栓组显著高于无血栓组(P＜0.01); (2) SLE患者中CD62P的表达率明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.01),并发血栓组显著高于无血栓组(P＜0.01);且血栓组中CD62P的阳性率与抗β2-GP1抗体滴度呈明显正相关(P＜0.01).结论 抗β2-GP1抗体与活化血小板均与SLE的血栓形成相关,且活化血小板可能是抗β2-GP1抗体参与SLE患者血栓形成的机制之一.     

抗C1q抗体检测与SLE疾病活动性及狼疮性肾炎关系探讨

目的探讨抗C1q抗体检测与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)活动性及活动性狼疮性肾炎的关系。方法采用ELISA法检测35例SLE患者血清中抗C1q抗体水平,并与其它SLE活动性指标进行相关分析。结果SLE患者血清中抗C1q抗体阳性率为51.4%,其中活动性狼疮性肾炎患者和其它无活动性狼疮性肾炎患者血清中阳性率分别为77.8%(14/18),42.3%(22/52),前者显著高于后者(P<0.01)。在活动期SLE患者中,抗C1q抗体水平显著高于临床非活动期患者。相关分析表明,血清中抗C1q抗体水平分别与SLEDAI评分、抗dsDNA抗体水平和CRP含量呈显著正相关;但与补体C3、C4和CH50含量分别呈显著负相关。活动性狼疮性肾炎患者血清中抗C1q抗体(P<0.05)、抗dsDNA抗体(P<0.01)单独检测阳性率和两抗体联合检测(P<0.001)阳性率均显著高于其它SLE患者。结论抗C1q抗体与SLE疾病活动性高度相关,抗C1q抗体和抗dsDNA抗体的联合检测为活动性狼疮性肾炎的特异性检测指标,两抗体同时阴性排除活动性狼疮性肾炎。     

四种自身抗体联合检测对SLE诊断的应用价值分析

目的探讨分析联合检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清抗核糖体P蛋白(r RNP)抗体、抗双链DNA(ds DNA)抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗核小体抗体(Anu A)联合检测在疾病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法选取2012年10月-2015年12月收住平顶山市平煤神马医疗集团总医院的SLE患者48例为SLE组,同期在该院体检健康者30例为健康对照组,其他结缔组织病患者32例为疾病对照组。所有受试者均取血液标本,ELISA法检测抗r RNP抗体、Anu A以及抗Sm抗体,放射免疫法检测抗ds-DNA抗体。组间比较其阳性率,同时探讨分析联合检测上述抗体的诊断价值。结果 SLE组患者血清抗r RNP抗体、抗ds DNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、Anu A阳性率均显著高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。四种抗体联合检测的敏感性与Anu A+抗ds DNA抗体+抗Sm抗体三联检测差异无统计学意义(P0.05),二联、三联或四联检测的特异性差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论四种抗体在SLE的诊断中具有互补作用,其中Anu A和抗ds DNA抗体与SLE活动性相关。联合检测有助于提高诊断的敏感性和特异性,其中Anu A+抗ds DNA抗体+抗Sm抗体三联检测具有较好的敏感性。     

抗核抗体谱检测对系统性红斑狼疮诊断价值的探讨

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是风湿类自身免疫病最常见的一种,它是自身免疫介导,以免疫性炎症为突出表现的弥漫性结缔组织病。SLE患者血清中含有多种自身抗体,自身抗体的检测在SLE的诊断中起重要作用。本研究采用免疫印迹法检测49例SLE患者血清中八种自身抗体,探讨抗核抗体谱检测在SLE中的临床应用价值。     

抗SmD1抗体表达与狼疮肾炎预后的相关性分析

目的探讨与分析抗SmD1抗体表达与狼疮肾炎(Lupus nephritis,LN)预后的相关性。方法采用回顾性研究方法,2013年2月到2018年2月在湖北医药学院附属东风医院门诊与住院的系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者60例作为SLE组,LN患者30例作为LN组,无结缔组织病患者32例作为对照组,检测三组血清抗SmD1抗体等抗体表达情况,记录患者的病情状况与随访预后。结果 LN组与SLE组的抗SmD1抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗dsDNA抗体、抗核抗体表达阳性率高于对照组,LN组高于SLE组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。LN组、SLE组、对照组的SLEDAI评分分别为13.20±1.28分、8.29±2.47分和2.56±0.58分,差异均有统计学意义(F=9.424,P=0.001)。LN患者随访6个月期间死亡6例,死亡率为20.00%;直线相关性分析显示随访死亡与SLEDAI评分和抗SmD1抗体、抗Sm抗体表达阳性率都呈现显著正相关性(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示SLEDAI评分和抗SmD1抗体、抗Sm抗体表达阳性率都为导致患者预后死亡的主要影响因素(P0.05)。结论抗SmD1抗体在LN患者中呈现高表达装,在患者的病情判断及随访预后预测都有很好的应用价值,并且与患者预后存在显著相关性。     

SARS患者7年随访血清抗体变化规律及胃肠道免疫组化研究

目的 连续7年随访严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者血清特异性IgM、IgG及N蛋白抗体滴度变化,应用胃肠镜观察胃肠道的病理改变并进行免疫组织化学研究.方法 应用免疫荧光(IFA)和双抗原夹心ELISA方法,对SARS患者发病1年后采用每隔1年检测一次血清SARS病毒(SARS-CoV)特异性IgM、IgG及N蛋白抗体滴度;用抗SARS-CoV N蛋白单克隆抗体对SARS恢复期患者胃肠道组织进行免疫组化研究.结果 14例SARS患者特异性IgG抗体1年后平均滴度为1/71(95%CI:1/58～1/85),连续追踪7年呈下降趋势,7年后大部分患者IgG抗体滴度消失,特异性IgM抗体1年后消失,N蛋白抗体1年后平均滴度为1/146(95%CI:1/122～1/171),与IgG抗体变化同时呈下降趋势.7年后其中9例患者检测N蛋白抗体全部为阴性,另5例临床症状较重的患者,N蛋白抗体仍检测阳性,其中3例N蛋白抗体滴度维持在1/156～1/210之间,2例N蛋白抗体滴度接近正常.该5例患者行胃肠镜检测和细胞免疫组化试验,血中N蛋白抗体检测阳性的3例患者胃组织黏液腺上皮细胞免疫组化呈阳性表达,大部呈胞浆着色.其中1例患者在肠组织浆液柱状上皮及间质细胞亦有表达,另2例血清N蛋白抗体检测接近正常的患者,细胞免疫组化为阴性.5例患者病理活检:1例明确诊断为"胃印戒细胞癌并直肠多发转移"、1例"胃息肉"、1例"浅表性胃窦炎",其余2例正常.结论 SARS患者血清特异性IgM、IgG、N蛋白抗体在恢复期呈下降趋势,7年后大部分消失;N蛋白抗体变化规律与病情轻重程度有关.     

SARS患者7年随访血清抗体变化规律及胃肠道免疫组化研究

目的 连续7年随访严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者血清特异性IgM、IgG及N蛋白抗体滴度变化,应用胃肠镜观察胃肠道的病理改变并进行免疫组织化学研究.方法 应用免疫荧光(IFA)和双抗原夹心ELISA方法,对SARS患者发病1年后采用每隔1年检测一次血清SARS病毒(SARS-CoV)特异性IgM、IgG及N蛋白抗体滴度;用抗SARS-CoV N蛋白单克隆抗体对SARS恢复期患者胃肠道组织进行免疫组化研究.结果 14例SARS患者特异性IgG抗体1年后平均滴度为1/71(95%CI:1/58～1/85),连续追踪7年呈下降趋势,7年后大部分患者IgG抗体滴度消失,特异性IgM抗体1年后消失,N蛋白抗体1年后平均滴度为1/146(95%CI:1/122～1/171),与IgG抗体变化同时呈下降趋势.7年后其中9例患者检测N蛋白抗体全部为阴性,另5例临床症状较重的患者,N蛋白抗体仍检测阳性,其中3例N蛋白抗体滴度维持在1/156～1/210之间,2例N蛋白抗体滴度接近正常.该5例患者行胃肠镜检测和细胞免疫组化试验,血中N蛋白抗体检测阳性的3例患者胃组织黏液腺上皮细胞免疫组化呈阳性表达,大部呈胞浆着色.其中1例患者在肠组织浆液柱状上皮及间质细胞亦有表达,另2例血清N蛋白抗体检测接近正常的患者,细胞免疫组化为阴性.5例患者病理活检:1例明确诊断为"胃印戒细胞癌并直肠多发转移"、1例"胃息肉"、1例"浅表性胃窦炎",其余2例正常.结论 SARS患者血清特异性IgM、IgG、N蛋白抗体在恢复期呈下降趋势,7年后大部分消失;N蛋白抗体变化规律与病情轻重程度有关.     

SARS患者7年随访血清抗体变化规律及胃肠道免疫组化研究

目的 连续7年随访严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者血清特异性IgM、IgG及N蛋白抗体滴度变化,应用胃肠镜观察胃肠道的病理改变并进行免疫组织化学研究.方法 应用免疫荧光(IFA)和双抗原夹心ELISA方法,对SARS患者发病1年后采用每隔1年检测一次血清SARS病毒(SARS-CoV)特异性IgM、IgG及N蛋白抗体滴度;用抗SARS-CoV N蛋白单克隆抗体对SARS恢复期患者胃肠道组织进行免疫组化研究.结果 14例SARS患者特异性IgG抗体1年后平均滴度为1/71(95%CI:1/58～1/85),连续追踪7年呈下降趋势,7年后大部分患者IgG抗体滴度消失,特异性IgM抗体1年后消失,N蛋白抗体1年后平均滴度为1/146(95%CI:1/122～1/171),与IgG抗体变化同时呈下降趋势.7年后其中9例患者检测N蛋白抗体全部为阴性,另5例临床症状较重的患者,N蛋白抗体仍检测阳性,其中3例N蛋白抗体滴度维持在1/156～1/210之间,2例N蛋白抗体滴度接近正常.该5例患者行胃肠镜检测和细胞免疫组化试验,血中N蛋白抗体检测阳性的3例患者胃组织黏液腺上皮细胞免疫组化呈阳性表达,大部呈胞浆着色.其中1例患者在肠组织浆液柱状上皮及间质细胞亦有表达,另2例血清N蛋白抗体检测接近正常的患者,细胞免疫组化为阴性.5例患者病理活检:1例明确诊断为"胃印戒细胞癌并直肠多发转移"、1例"胃息肉"、1例"浅表性胃窦炎",其余2例正常.结论 SARS患者血清特异性IgM、IgG、N蛋白抗体在恢复期呈下降趋势,7年后大部分消失;N蛋白抗体变化规律与病情轻重程度有关.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.