食管癌中CTGF,Cyr61表达与相关因素分析

目的 探讨人食管癌组织中结缔组织生长因子(CTGF),富含酪氨酸61(Cyr61)表达及其与相关因素的关系.方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组化染色法对186例食管癌患者的食管癌组织和癌旁正常食管组织中CTGF,Cyr61表达水平进行检测,并进行Logistic回归分析.结果 与正常食管组织比较,食管癌组织中CTGF,Cyr61mRNA(5.29±5.12,7.13±4.26)均表达上调(P=0.000),蛋白均高表达(20.83±8.20,16.79±6.81)(P=0.000);多因素Logistic回归分析显示:吸烟,浸润深度是CTGF mRNA表达的危险因素(P<0.01);吸烟、淋巴结转移、家族史、肿瘤大小、病理分级是CTGF蛋白表达的危险因素(P<0.05);淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、浸润深度是Cyr61 mRNA表达的危险因素(P<0.05);淋巴结转移、病理分级、浸润深度是Cyr61蛋白表达的危险因素(P=0.001).结论 CT-GF、Cyr61在食管癌发展过程中起重要作用,其可能成为基因治疗的重要靶点.     

bFGF在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的检测碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达情况,并分析其与非小细胞肺癌的病理分化程度、手术-病理分期、淋巴结转移的相关性,探讨bFGF在非小细胞肺癌的发生、浸润及转移过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测原发性非小细胞肺癌石蜡包埋组织80例、正常肺组织40例中bFGF蛋白的表达水平。结果非小细胞肺癌组bFGF阳性率均高于正常肺组织组(P=0.000)。非小细胞肺癌组TNM分期中Ⅰ-Ⅱ期和Ⅲ-Ⅳ期bFGF的阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);低分化癌的bFGF的阳性率与高、中分化癌相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013);淋巴结转移组bFGF的表达与无淋巴结转移组相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论 bFGF可能参与了非小细胞肺癌的发生和演进的过程;bFGF蛋白检测可能成为判断非小细胞肺癌发生发展和评价预后的有效参考指标之一,对于非小细胞肺癌的早期预测可能具有重要的临床意义。     

Egfl7与非小细胞肺癌上皮间质转化关系的研究

目的:研究Egfl7与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)上皮间质转化标志物E-cadherin,Vimentin的相关性,探讨Egfl7是否参与NSCLC的上皮间质转化(EMT).方法:分别采用免疫组化法和RT-PCR法检测40例NSCLC组织和20例肺癌旁正常肺组织中Egfl7,E-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白和mRNA的表达情况.结果:1).NSCLC组织中的Egfl7蛋白和mRNA的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常肺组织;其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Egfl7的表达水平与肺癌的临床分期、及淋巴结转移密切相关(p＜0.05);2).E-cad-herin蛋白和mRNA在NSCLC组织中的表达明显低于癌旁正常肺组织,40例癌组织中E-cadherin的表达有转移组明显低于无转移组;3).Vimenfin蛋白和基因在NSCLC组织中的表达高于癌旁正常肺组织,40例癌组织中Vimentin的表达在转移组明显高于无转移组;4).在NSCLC组织中,Egfl7与E-cadherin表达成负相关(r=0.34,P＜0.05),而与Vimentin表达成正相关(r=0.297,P＜0.05),E-cadherin和Vimentin的表达无明显相关性(r=0.0002,P＞0.05).结论:NSCLC组织中Egfl7高表达,Egfl7可能与NSCLC的侵袭性相关;Egfl7与E-cadherin呈负相关,与Vimentin表达成正相关,Egfl7可能参与了NSCLC患者的上皮间质转化(EMT)过程,阻断Egfl7信号可能会抑制NSCLC患者的ENT.     

Let-7与Dicer基因在肺癌组织和癌旁正常组织中表达的比较

目的 探讨Let-7a、Let-7b与Dicer基因在肺癌组织中的表达特征及相互调控关系.方法 选择47例肺癌患者并收集癌组织和癌旁正常组织,用TRIzol法提取总RNA,实时荧光定量PCR检测基因表达量.结果 Dicer基因在癌组织中的相对表达量(9.65±2.31)明显低于癌旁正常组织(11.79±2.71),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Let-7a、Let-7b基因表达无明显变化.4例有远处转移的个体癌组织中Let-7b基因相对表达量(16.97±2.11)高于43例无转移者(14.87±1.92),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在癌旁正常组织中,Let-7a、Let-7b均与Dicer基因的表达呈负相关(P＜0.05),在癌组织中未发现相关关系.结论 Dicer基因在癌组织中表达降低,并且可能失去与Let-7a、Let-7b基因的正常调控关系.     

长链非编码RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1在肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的研究长链非编码RNA (long ncRNA,lncRNA) MAPKAPK5-AS1在肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法收集143例经病理明确诊断的肺癌患者癌组织及配对癌旁正常肺组织标本和临床资料,real time PCR法检测组织中lncRNA MAPKAPK5-AS1的表达,分析其临床意义,通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线法和Log Rank检验法分析其对患者预后意义。结果 143例肺癌组织中MAPKAPK5-AS1相对表达水平(0. 012 2±0. 000 7)明显比癌旁正常肺组织中相对表达水平(0. 007 1±0. 000 4)高,差异有统计学意义(t=5. 727,P 0. 01);高表达MAPKAPK5-AS1与肺癌患者年龄、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移均密切相关(P值均0. 05),并且与预后不良密切相关(t=3. 97,P 0. 05)。结论肺癌组织中高表达MAPKAPK5-AS1与肿瘤转移密切相关,是潜在肺癌预后生物学指标之一。     

E3泛素连接酶Iduna在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨E3泛素连接酶Iduna mRNA和蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织和癌旁肺组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素和预后的关系.方法 应用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、Western-Blot和免疫组织化学（EnVision）方法检测分析非小细胞肺癌组织和癌旁肺组织中Iduna mRNA和蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理因素和预后的关系.结果 RT-PCR及Western-Blot结果显示非小细胞肺癌组织中Iduna mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别为0.468±0.086和2.554±0.544,明显高于癌旁肺组织的0.203±0.070和1.570±0.316,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;免疫组织化学结果显示：Iduna在肺泡上皮细胞中呈阴性,在正常支气管黏膜上皮中呈阴性或弱阳性,在非小细胞肺癌组织中呈不同程度的阳性表达.Iduna的高表达率与肿瘤分化程度呈负相关（P=0.002）,与肿瘤大小（P=0.044）、TNM分期（P=0.015）、淋巴结转移（P=0.009）呈正相关,并与Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者的预后有关（P=0.016）.结论 Iduna的高表达可能与非小细胞肺癌的侵袭、转移过程密切相关,有可能是提示非小细胞肺癌患者预后不良的指标.     

食管癌组织中Cyr61的表达及患者生存分析

[目的]探讨人食管癌组织中Cyr61的基因表达,了解食管癌患者术后生存情况及其影响因素.[方法]运用实时荧光定量PCR技术和免疫组化染色法测定186例食管癌患者的癌组织及配对的癌旁正常食管组织中Cyr61表达水平,采用Kaplan-Meier单因素与Cox多元回归进行生存分析.[结果]食管癌组织Cyr61 mRNA(7.13 4±4.26)表达水平显著高于癌旁正常食管组织(9.55±4.97) (P=0.000).食管癌组织Cyr61蛋白表达水平(16.79 4±6.81)显著高于配对的正常食管组织(2.85±2.14) (P=0.000).Kaplan-Meier法生存分析结果显示:性别、是否吸烟、家族史、肿瘤大小、分化程度、漫润深度、淋巴结转移、Cyr61 mRNA的表达、Cyr61蛋白的表达与患者的存活率显著相关.Cox回归分析结果显示:淋巴结转移以及Cyr61蛋白的表达水平与病人的生存时间相关,相对危险度分别是1.937(95%CI1.144～3.281)和2.238(95%CI 1.080～4.634). [结论]食管癌组织中Cyr61的高表达可能影响食管癌患者术后的生存,其可作为食管癌患者预后的一个评价指标,并可能成为基因治疗的一个作用靶点.     

结直肠癌组织miR-181a、miR-1260b表达与临床病理及预后的关系

目的探究结直肠癌组织中微小RNA-181a(miR-181a)、微小RNA-1260b(miR-1260b)表达与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月本院收治的85例结直肠癌患者作为研究对象,以实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)技术检测其结直肠癌组织和癌旁正常组织中miR-181a、miR-1260b表达水平,分析上述指标与患者临床病理特征和预后的关系,探索影响直肠癌患者预后的因素。结果与癌旁正常组织比较,结直肠癌组织中miR-181a表达量降低,miR-1260b表达量增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。miR-181a表达与肿瘤大小、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移、临床分期相关(均P0.05),miR-1260b表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、临床分期相关(均P0.05)。miR-181a低表达组和miR-1260b高表达组患者术后随访期总生存率低于miR-181a高表达组和miR-1260b低表达组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、较高临床分期、miR-181a低表达、miR-1260b高表达是结直肠癌预后的危险因素(均P0.05)。结论结直肠癌组织中miR-181a表达降低、miR-1260b表达增加,其为预后不良的影响因素,均与临床分期、淋巴结转移相关,可成为预测结直肠癌患者预后的潜在指标。     

miR-125b-1基因与人肺癌临床病理特征及其预后的关系

目的研究miR-125b-1基因突变与人肺癌临床病理特征和预后的关系，探讨miR-125b-1基因在人肺癌发生、发展过程中的可能作用。方法采用聚合酶链反应．单链构象多态性分析（PCR—SSCP）检测肺癌原发灶癌组织miR-125b-1基因突变情况。结果miR-125b-1在癌旁正常肺组织中未发现异常，在肺癌组织中存在基因突变，突变率33．1％（40／121例），miR-125b-1基因突变与癌的淋巴结转移及临床分期呈正相关（r=0．29，0．24，P〈0．01），与其他临床病理特征无关。miR-125b-1基因突变组肺癌患者的术后长期生存率显著低于高表达组（P〈0．05）。结论肺癌组织中存在着miR-125b-1基因突变，miR-125b-1基因突变在肺癌的发生发展中可能起着重要作用。     

Sp1和miR-92b在口腔癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的探讨核转录因子特异性蛋白1(Sp1)和miR-92b在口腔癌组织中的表达及其意义,为提高口腔癌的诊治水平提供依据。方法对我院2012年3月至2014年9月手术切除的73例口腔癌组织、48例癌旁正常口腔组织的临床病理特征进行回顾性分析,比较两组中Sp1和miR-92b的表达水平,并分析其与临床病理特征的相关性。结果口腔癌组织Sp1阳性表达率为80.82%,miR-92b阳性表达率为72.60%;癌旁正常口腔组织Sp1阳性表达率为8.33%,miR-92b阳性表达率为10.42%;两组Sp1、miR-92b阳性表达率比较差异显著(P0.05)。27例淋巴结转移患者中,24例Sp1表达阳性,25例miR-92b表达阳性。口腔癌组织中Sp1、miR-92b表达与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤分化类型无关(P0.05),但与患者肿瘤分期及淋巴结转移密切相关(P0.05);经多元Cox逐步回归分析:肿瘤分期晚(Ⅲ+Ⅳ期)、伴有淋巴结转移等因素为口腔癌患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论口腔癌组织中Sp1、miR-92b阳性表达率高,其表达水平与肿瘤分期及淋巴结转移密切相关,联合检测对评估口腔癌预后具有重要意义。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.