结直肠癌危险因素及临床流行病学特征研究

目的探讨结直肠癌危险因素及临床流行病学特征。方法回顾性分析1 860结直肠癌患者的临床资料,分析其流行病学特征,并与1 725例非肿瘤患者进行对照分析,比较引发结直肠癌的主要危险因素。结果结直肠癌患者在性别、年龄、年份、原发病灶部位及病理类型分布上存在显著差异(P<0.05);结直肠癌组患者与对照组在基础疾病、结直肠癌家族史、胆囊切除手术史、阑尾切除术史上存在显著差异(P<0.05),进一步进行单因素和多因素logistic分析发现,糖尿病、高血压、结直肠癌家族史和阑尾切除术史均可能为诱发结直肠癌的危险因素,糖尿病和结直肠癌家族史为诱发结直肠癌的主要危险因素。结论结直肠癌高危发病人群为男性,发病年龄集中于中老年人群,原发病灶部位主要位于直肠,病理类型多为管状腺癌,糖尿病和结直肠癌家族史为诱发结直肠癌的主要危险因素。     

年轻结直肠癌患者临床特征及诊疗进展

结直肠癌为消化道最常见肿瘤之一,年轻结直肠癌患者与其他年龄段的结直肠癌患者在疾病特点、生物学特点、危险因素、临床诊治和生存预后等方面有所差别,分析年轻结直肠癌患者的特点可为其治疗提供新的思路.     

直肠癌伴同时性多发性肺转移患者的多学科临床决策探讨

结直肠癌患者中肺是继肝脏之后最常见的远处转移器官之一,但由于肺转移发病率较低且生物学侵袭性相对温和,因而与结直肠癌肝转移相比,结直肠癌肺转移无论是关注程度、综合治疗理念还是相关的临床和基础研究都相对匮乏。本文现介绍1例直肠癌伴同时性多发性肺转移患者在浙江大学医学院附属第二医院大肠癌诊治中心的多学科综合治疗(multidisciplinary team,MDT)经过,以探讨该类患者的临床病理特征、预后影响因素、合理的综合治疗决策以及现有的诊治争议与共识,以期促进临床诊疗的规范化和个体化,使患者更多获益。      

结直肠癌临床病理特征与预后的多因素回归分析

目的探讨结直肠癌的临床病理特征与预后的关系。方法应用单因素和多因素的分析方法,回顾性分析有完整临床病理资料和随访资料的761例结直肠癌患者的临床特点、病理特征及其对预后的影响。结果结直肠癌患者总的3,5年生存率分别为62.9％和60.7％,中位生存时间为1825 d。单因素分析显示,其预后与肿瘤的大体分型、侵袭程度、转移情况、分化等级、病理分期以及癌性肠梗阻均有相关性。应用Cox比例危险回归模型分析显示,肿瘤的大体分型、分化程度、肠壁的侵袭深度和病理分期是影响结直肠癌患者术后生存的独立因素。结论病理分期是影响结直肠癌患者预后最重要的一个指标(P<0.0005),对于指导手术治疗、术后辅助治疗和判断预后方面具有重要作用。     

结直肠癌预后的多因素回归分析

目的 探讨影响结直肠癌预后的因素在预测结直肠癌术后生存中的价值。 方法 应用多因素回归的分析方法,回顾性分析有完整临床病理资料和随访资料的941例结直肠癌患者的临床特点、病理特征及其对预后的影响。 结果 结直肠癌患者总的3,5年生存率分别为63.2％和60.8％,中位生存时间为1841d。单因素分析显示,其预后与肿瘤的大体分型、侵袭程度、转移情况、分化等级、病理分期以及癌性肠梗阻均有相关性。应用Cox比例危险回归模型分析,则显示肿瘤的大体分型、分化程度、肠壁的侵袭深度和病理分期是影响结直肠癌患者术后生存的独立因素。 结论 病理分期是影响结直肠癌预后最重要的一个指标(P<0.0005),对于指导手术治疗、术后辅助治疗和判断预后方面具有重要作用。     

结直肠癌肺转移患者的临床特征及预后生存分析

目的探讨结直肠癌肺转移患者的临床特征及预后生存分析。方法选取2008年1月至2014年1月间福建医科大学附属第一医院收治的146例结直肠癌肺转移患者的临床资料及随访资料,分析患者的临床特征及影响结直肠癌肺转移患者预后的相关因素。结果患者中位随访时间为35.1个月,中位生存时间为27.1个月,1年、3年和5年生存率分别为75.3%、30.8%和12.4%。病理组织分级、TNM肿瘤分期、肺转移灶大小、肺转移灶数目、是否合并肝转移和治疗方式不同的结直肠癌肺转移患者,预后生存时间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。低分化结直肠癌、高TNM分期、合并肝转移及单纯化疗是影响结直肠癌肺转移患者预后生存的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论结直肠癌肺转移患者预后较差,低分化、高TNM分期、合并肝转移及单纯化疗是影响患者预后生存的危险因素,积极进行综合治疗可提高预后疗效。     

蔬菜、水果摄入与结直肠癌发病风险关系的队列研究进展北大核心CSCD

结直肠癌的疾病负担呈逐年增长趋势。全球范围内结直肠癌危险因素的流行病学研究结果并不一致,尤其是膳食因素。蔬菜、水果提供了大量膳食纤维、维生素等潜在的抗肿瘤生物活性化合物,其足量摄入被认为是结直肠癌的重要保护因素。全文根据蔬菜水果与结直肠癌风险关系的前瞻性队列研究结果,对膳食蔬菜、水果摄入以及蔬菜水果来源的营养素和结直肠癌的关系进行系统归纳和总结,以期为结直肠癌的一级预防和公共卫生决策提供可靠的参考依据。     

抑癌基因Runx3在结直肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨抑癌基因Runx3在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系,并分析结直肠癌组织中Runx3蛋白与Runx3 mRNA的表达。方法:采用RT-PCR技术检测Runx3基因mRNA的表达;用免疫组化SP法检测结直肠癌组织中Runx3蛋白的表达;并采用Kaplan-meier计算生存率曲线,Log-rank检验和Cox模型多因素回归分析法对结直肠癌患者的预后进行分析。结果:结直肠癌组织中Runx3蛋白表达阳性率为36.73%,Runx3 mRNA表达明显低于其配对的正常黏膜组织（0.306±0.126 vs 1.605±0.437,P=0.001,P<0.05）;Runx3蛋白及Runx3 mRNA表达与结直肠癌的淋巴结转移、分化程度、临床分期（Ⅰ﹢Ⅱ,Ⅲ﹢Ⅳ）有关（P<0.05）;而与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、远处转移、浸润深度和肿瘤位置无关（P>0.05）;Kaplan-meier单因素分析显示,Runx3 mRNA和Runx3蛋白是结直肠癌患者的重要预后因素（P<0.05）,Cox回归分析结果显示Runx3 mRNA和Runx3蛋白是影响患者预后的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论:Runx3低表达与结直肠癌的发生、发展关系密切,有望成为临床诊治的新靶点,并为结直肠癌的治疗起指导作用。     

结肠炎相关结直肠癌认识的进展

目的:总结国外结肠炎相关结直肠癌(CaCRO)有关流行病学、危险因素、发病机制以及预防措施的研究.方法:应用PubMed以及vip期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"结肠炎相关结直肠癌"为关键词,检索1990-2008年相关研究文献,共检索到英丈文献679篇.纳入标准:1) CaCRC的流行病学研究;2) CaCRC的危险因素研究;3)CaCRC的发病机制研究;4) CaCRC的预防措施研究.根据纳入标准选取45篇丈献.结果:CaCRC是炎性肠病的一种主要并发症,其发病机制与散发性结直肠癌有着一定的差异,通过合理的监管以及治疗措施可以有效地控制其发病率.结论:我国需要进一步做好炎性肠病患者的治疗、监控管理工作,降低CaCRC的发生率.     

青年非远处转移结直肠癌患者的临床特征及预后分析

目的:探讨青年非远处转移结直肠癌患者的临床特征及预后分析。方法:通过SEER*Stat软件提取SEER数据库中2013年至2016年1 750例有完整随访资料的非远处转移结直肠癌患者，分析比较左半结肠癌、右半结肠癌和直肠癌患者的临床特征及预后分析。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线，采用Log-rank检验进行单因素分析，COX回归进行多因素分析。结果:RCC、LCC和RC在性别、组织学分级、T分期、N分期和是否手术方面均有统计学差异（均P＜0.05）；青年结直肠癌患者最常见的发生部位是直肠和乙状结肠。单因素分析显示，性别、种族、婚姻状况、保险情况、肿瘤部位、组织学分级、T分期、N分期和是否手术是影响青年非远处转移结直肠癌患者预后的危险因素。多因素COX回归分析显示，种族、有无保险、组织学分级、T分期及N分期是影响青年非远处转移结直肠癌患者预后的独立危险因素。LCC、RCC和RC患者3年累计生存率及组织学分级方面无明显统计学差异。结论:影响青年非远处转移结直肠癌患者预后的相关因素有很多，无保险、组织学分级为IV级、T4期、N2期和无手术的患者预后较差。在临床工作中，综合考虑相关危险因素，真正实现肿瘤患者的早发现、早诊断和早治疗。     

中国人遗传性大肠癌综合征的特征及诊疗规范

大肠癌在我国的发病率和死亡率均呈逐年上升趋势,其中5%~6%为遗传性大肠癌。遗传性大肠癌综合征是指一系列可引起遗传性大肠癌的疾病,患者患大肠癌的风险显著高于普通人群,早期筛查及干预可降低患者患癌风险。总结了中国人遗传性大肠癌综合征(如Lynch综合征、家族性腺瘤性息肉病和Peutz-Jeghers综合征等)的临床及遗传学特征,并概述了国内外遗传性大肠癌综合征的诊疗、监测规范,以期加深人们对这些疾病的认识,帮助医务人员早期、准确诊断,及时采取干预及筛查措施。     

Early-onset colorectal cancer: Current insights and future directions

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has seen an alarming rise worldwide over the past two decades. The reason for this global trend is poorly understood. EOCRC appears to have its own unique clinical and molecular features when compared with late-onset colorectal cancer. Younger patients appear to have more distal or rectal disease, a more advanced stage of disease at presentation, and more unfavorable histological features. Identifying risk factors for EOCRC is the first step in mitigating the rising burden of this disease. Here we summarize several noteworthy biological factors and environmental exposures that are postulated to be responsible culprits. This can hopefully translate in clinical practice to the development of better risk stratification tool for identifying high-risk individuals for early colorectal cancer screening, and identifying areas needed for further research to curb this rising trend.     

Genetics of hereditary colorectal cancer

Genetic factors can dramatically influence the risk of colorectal cancer, and the molecular bases of many hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), attenuated FAP (AFAP), and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) have been elucidated. Additional syndromes continue to be defined as new genes, including MYH , are linked to the development of colonic polyps and cancer. The risks of colorectal cancer are variable and depend on the specific germline alterations. Some mutations are associated with a 100% lifetime risk of developing cancer, while others are associated with only a mild increase in risk. Although there are overlapping clinical features in many of these syndromes, they can be distinguished by the age at cancer diagnosis, inheritance pattern, number and distribution of polyps, specific histologic features of the cancers, and the presence of distinctive extracolonic features. The introduction and refinement of genetic testing has provided a new and invaluable tool for the diagnosis and assessment of cancer risk for suspected cases of hereditary colon cancer.     

Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Patients under 50 Years of Age: Demographics,Disease Characteristics,and Survival

IntroductionIncidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) is increasing in younger demographics. This study analyzes disease-specific survival in individuals under 50 years of age.MethodsPatients with colorectal malignancy were identified in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2015. Cases were categorized into typically screened (age 50-79 years) and non-typically screened (age 20-49 years) cohorts, as well as by decade. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to study survival.ResultsA total of 240,772 patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed. Average annual percent change in incidence was -0.24% among typically screened patients and +1.12% among patients with EO-CRC. Patients with EO-CRC more frequently presented with distal tumors (70.6% vs. 57.6%, P < .001) and advanced tumor stage (61.3% vs. 48.6%, P < .001). Patients aged 50 and over had comparable 5 year disease-specific survival to younger patients (68.2% vs. 66.4%, P = .31); however, patients in the 3rd, 4th, and 8th decade of life had particularly low survival rates (59.0% vs. 65.8% vs. 65.8%, logrank P < .001). Patients aged 20-29 years had the most increased risk of cause-specific mortality on univariable Cox regression analysis [HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.31-1.56; P < .001], although this was not significant on multivariable analysis [HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.97-1.15; P = .201]. Male sex, older age, advanced stage, rectal and/or cecal primary, and earlier year of diagnosis were independently associated with increased mortality.ConclusionPatients with EO-CRC are diagnosed at a later stage and have lower disease-specific survival than those in typically screened cohorts. Additional studies on tumor biology and surveillance strategies are needed to improve outcomes in this population.     

外周血USP1基因甲基化与大肠癌预后风险的关系

目的 探讨外周血中去泛素化酶USP1甲基化及临床特征与大肠癌预后风险的关系。方法 采用队列研究,共纳入286例大肠癌患者。使用高分辨率熔解曲线分析法(HRM)检测基因甲基化水平。应用Cox回归模型评估基因甲基化及临床特征与大肠癌预后风险之间的关联。结果 在男性大肠癌病例中,USP1甲基化增加预后不良风险(HR=2.091,95% CI:1.195~3.661,P=0.010)。临床病理特征中,UICC肿瘤分期4期(HR=2.464,95% CI:1.205~5.039,P=0.014)、肿瘤大小超过50mm(HR=1.610,95% CI:1.016~2.550,P=0.043)和组织学非腺型(HR=5.117,95% CI:1.142~22.930,P=0.033)是大肠癌不良预后风险增加的影响因素。结论 UICC肿瘤分期4期、肿瘤大小超过50mm和组织学分型为非腺型会增加大肠癌不良预后风险。外周血USP1基因启动子区甲基化与男性大肠癌预后不良风险增加有关。     

Predictive factors for chemotherapy-related toxic effects in patients with colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer represents a major health problem in the Western world. Many drugs have been used for the treatment of this disease, but there is little information about how predictive factors can be used to aid treatment response and anticipate toxic effects related to anticancer treatment in colorectal cancer. In this Review we analyze the main data about this field of investigation, and highlight the most important predictive factors that relate to the toxic effects experienced by colorectal cancer patients treated with anticancer chemotherapy, both in the adjuvant and in the advanced settings. The predictive factors are grouped on the basis of the different anticancer drugs. We discuss the rationale for tailoring anticancer treatment in patients with colorectal cancer according to individual molecular and clinical features, with the aim of improving response rates and reducing the incidence of toxic events.     

同时性结直肠癌肝转移危险因素分析

目的：探讨影响结直肠癌肝转移的临床病理相关因素。方法：收集2010年至2014年南京大学鼓楼医院普外科结直肠癌患者201例的临床病理资料,分析同时性结直肠癌肝转移与临床病理因素的关系。采用非条件Logistic回归单因素分析,对有统计学意义的变量进行非条件Logistic回归多因素分析。结果：201例结直肠癌患者中,肝转移45例。单因素分析显示,肿瘤最大径、CEA、CA199、CA125、肿瘤T分期、分化程度、病理组织类型、糖尿病、肿瘤位置、吸烟是影响结直肠癌肝转移的危险因素。Logistic多因素分析,结果显示肿瘤最大径、CEA、CA199、CA125、肿瘤分化程度、病理类型、糖尿病是肝转移的独立危险因素。结论：肿瘤最大径、CEA、CA199、CA125、肿瘤分化程度、病理类型、糖尿病是同时性结直肠癌肝转移的独立危险因素。