细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶12、聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探究细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶12(CDK12)、聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1(PARP1)在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 收集76例胃癌患者的胃癌组织标本及相应癌旁正常胃黏膜组织标本(距离肿瘤组织﹥5 cm).采用免疫组化法检测CDK12蛋白、PARP1蛋白在胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中的表达.利用Ualcan和GEPIA数据库对胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达差异进行比较,并分析胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达相关性;采用Cox回归分析对胃癌患者预后影响因素进行分析.结果 Ualcan和GEPIA数据库显示,胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达水平均明显高于癌旁正常胃黏膜组织(P﹤0.05).CDK12 mRNA和PARP1 mRNA表达呈正相关(P﹤0.05).胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1阳性表达率均明显高于癌旁正常胃黏膜组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).不同TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况的胃癌患者的胃癌组织中CDK12和PARP1蛋白表达情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).CDK12、PARP1蛋白阳性表达组胃癌患者5年生存率均明显低于阴性表达组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).CDK12蛋白阳性表达、PARP1蛋白阳性表达、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、分化程度低、淋巴结转移是影响胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.01).结论 胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1蛋白呈高表达,二者表达水平与TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关,可能作为提示胃癌患者预后不良的潜在生物标志物.     

KNSL4基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的:前期研究发现驱动蛋白样DNA结合蛋白(kinesin-likeDNA-bindingprotein,Kid)的编码基因kinesin-like4(KNSL4)mRNA在乳腺癌的淋巴结转移癌中较其配对的原发癌表达下调。本研究目的是证实KNSL4mRNA表达水平与乳腺癌临床病理因素及转移和预后的关系,并考察其作为转录调节因子与c-erbB-2蛋白表达的关系,以探讨其促进肿瘤细胞转移的可能机制。方法:采用实时定量RT-PCR方法检测108例乳腺原发癌组织中KNSL4mRNA表达,分析其与临床病理因素及转移和预后的关系;免疫组织化学方法检测其中76例乳腺癌组织中c-erbB-2蛋白表达,分析KNSL4mRNA表达与c-erbB-2蛋白表达的关系。结果:KNSL4mRNA的平均相对表达量在临床分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期组低于临床Ⅰ～Ⅱ期组(P<0.001);转移淋巴结数>3个组低于0～3个组(P<0.01);在ER和PR阴性组均低于阳性组,但差异无显著性(P=0.216,0.065);2年随访有远处转移组较无远处转移组下调,但因随访时间短尚无法进行统计学分析;3例双乳癌KNSL4mRNA的平均相对表达量较非双乳癌且无远处转移的病例下调68.8%。KNSL4mRNA表达在c-erbB-2阳性组低于阴性组(P<0.01)。结论:KNSL4mRNA在乳腺原发癌中的表达水平与乳腺癌的预后有关,并可能通过促进c-erbB-2基因转录和蛋白表达提高乳腺癌细胞的转移能力。     

表皮生长因子受体、自噬相关蛋白5、p62蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌合并颈部淋巴结转移中的表达及临床意义

目的分析表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、自噬相关蛋白5(ATG5)、p62在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)合并颈部淋巴结转移患者中的表达及意义。方法取80例PTC患者的PTC组织及相应的癌旁正常组织,同时取其中合并颈部淋巴结转移的45例患者的转移淋巴结组织标本。免疫组化法检测PTC组织、转移淋巴结组织和癌旁正常组织中EGFR、ATG5、p62蛋白的表达情况,及其与PTC患者临床特征及生存情况的关系。结果PTC组织和转移淋巴结组织中EGFR、p62蛋白的阳性表达率均高于癌旁正常组织,ATG5蛋白的阳性表达率低于癌旁正常组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。不同TNM分期和淋巴结转移情况PTC患者PTC组织中ATG5蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);不同分化程度、TNM分期和淋巴结转移情况PTC患者PTC组织中p62蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,PTC组织和转移淋巴结组织中,ATG5的表达与p62呈负相关(P﹤0.01)。对80例PTC患者进行为期3年的随访,病死22例,3年生存率为72.50%(58/80)。p62阳性表达PTC患者的3年生存率为65.52%,低于阴性表达患者的90.91%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。Cox风险比例回归模型结果显示,TNM分期、淋巴结转移、EGFR阳性表达、p62阳性表达为PTC患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05),ATG5阳性表达为PTC患者预后的独立保护因素(P﹤0.05)。结论PTC组织及淋巴结转移组织中EGFR、p62的阳性表达率较高,ATG5的阳性表达率较低,此外,ATG5及p62与PTC生物学行为有关,可能成为PTC诊断的潜在指标。     

真核起始因子3b在乳腺癌中的表达及与患者临床特征的关系

目的探讨真核起始因子3b(eIF3b)在乳腺癌中的表达及与患者临床特征的关系。方法取45例乳腺癌患者的乳腺癌组织和相应的癌旁组织,采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测乳腺癌组织和相应的癌旁组织eIF3b mRNA的相对表达量,采用免疫组化二步法检测乳腺癌组织和相应的癌旁组织e IF3b蛋白的阳性表达率,分析e IF3b mRNA的相对表达量和eIF3b蛋白的阳性表达率与乳腺癌患者临床特征的关系。结果乳腺癌组织中eIF3b m RNA的相对表达量和eIF3b蛋白的阳性表达率,均明显高于癌旁组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。不同年龄、病理类型、肿瘤直径、组织学分级乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中eIF3b mRNA相对表达量和e IF3b蛋白阳性表达率的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);不同腋窝淋巴结转移情况、TNM分期乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中eIF3b mRNA相对表达量和eIF3b蛋白阳性表达率的比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论 eIF3b表达增高不仅可能参与了乳腺癌发生过程,也可能在乳腺癌的增殖、转移和侵袭过程中发挥促进作用。     

溶血卵磷脂胆碱酰基转移酶1与非小细胞肺癌患者临床特征及预后的关系

目的 分析溶血卵磷脂胆碱酰基转移酶1(LPCAT1)与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者临床特征及预后的关系.方法 收集95例NSCLC患者癌旁组织及肿瘤组织,采用实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法对其癌旁组织及肿瘤组织中的LPCAT1 mRNA相对表达量进行比较,分析LPCAT1 mRNA相对表达量与NSCLC患者临床特征及预后的关系.结果 NSCLC患者癌旁组织LPCAT1 mRNA相对表达量为(0.069±0.017),明显低于肿瘤组织的(0.621±0.124),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).TNM分期为Ⅲ期、有淋巴结转移的NSCLC患者肿瘤组织中LPCAT1 mRNA相对表达量均明显高于TNM分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移者(P﹤0.01);不同年龄、性别、病理类型、肿瘤直径、分化程度及是否吸烟NSCLC患者的肿瘤组织中LPCAT1 mRNA相对表达量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).LPCAT1 mRNA相对表达量高水平组患者总生存率为37.50％,低于低水平组的68.09％,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 NSCLC患者肿瘤组织中LPCAT1 mRNA相对表达量高于癌旁组织,且NSCLC患者临床特征及预后与LPCAT1 mRNA相对表达量有关.     

claudin1和E-cadherin蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨密封蛋白1(claudin 1)和上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)在大肠癌组织中的表达情况及其与大肠癌患者临床特征的关系。方法收集80例大肠癌患者的大肠癌组织标本和癌旁组织标本,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测大肠癌组织和癌旁组织中claudin 1 和E-cadherin 蛋白的表达情况,分析大肠癌组织中claudin 1 和E-cadherin蛋白表达与大肠癌患者临床特征的关系。结果大肠癌组织中claudin 1蛋白的阳性表达率为65.0%(52/80),明显高于癌旁组织的27.5%(22/80),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);大肠癌组织中E-cadherin 蛋白的阳性表达率为42.5%(34/80),明显低于癌旁组织的75.0%(60/80),差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、低分化、有淋巴结转移、侵及浆膜的大肠癌患者大肠癌组织中claudin 1 蛋白的阳性表达率均高于TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、中高分化、无淋巴结转移、未侵及浆膜的患者,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。有淋巴结转移、侵及浆膜的大肠癌患者大肠癌组织中E-cadherin 蛋白的阳性表达率均明显低于无淋巴结转移、未侵及浆膜的患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论 claudin 1蛋白在大肠癌组织中高表达,E-cadherin蛋白在大肠癌组织中低表达,并且与大肠癌的发生发展关系密切。     

乳腺癌组织中bcl一2蛋白表达及其与DNA倍体的关系

目的:探讨乳腺癌中bcl-2蛋白表达及DNA倍性与患者临床病理因素的关系.方法:采用流式细胞光度术(FCM)定量分析63例原发性乳腺癌癌组织、相应癌旁组织和22例乳腺良性肿瘤中bcl-2蛋白表达及DNA倍性.结果:乳腺癌组织中bcl-2蛋白表达水平及DNA指数(DI)、S期比例(SPF)和增殖指数(PI)显著高于相应癌旁组织和乳腺良性肿瘤(P＜0.05),而后两者在上述指标上未见显著性差异(P＞0.05).浸润性非特殊类型癌患者DI、SPF和PI明显高于早期浸润癌患者和浸润性特殊类型癌患者(P＜0.05);有淋巴结转移组患者DI和SPF显著高于无淋巴结转移组患者(P＜0.05).bcl一2蛋白表达与患者年龄、病理组织学类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、临床分期均无关(P＞0.05).癌组织bcl一2蛋白表达水平与SPF和PI呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论:bcl-2蛋白表达与乳腺癌发生、发展有关;DI和SPF与淋巴结转移有关;DNA含量可作为判断乳腺癌预后的重要指标.     

甲状腺癌中Bax、Survivin及Livin的表达及意义

目的 探讨甲状腺癌中B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、生存素(Survivin)及Livin的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组化法检测82例甲状腺癌组织及相应癌旁正常组织中Bax、Survivin及Livin的阳性表达,分析三者与临床病理参数的关系.结果 甲状腺癌组织中Bax的阳性表达率明显低于癌旁正常组织(P﹤0.001),Survivin及Livin的阳性表达率明显高于癌旁正常组织(P﹤0.001).Ⅲ~Ⅳ期甲状腺癌患者的Bax阳性表达率明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,有淋巴结转移患者的Bax阳性表达率明显低于无淋巴结转移患者(P﹤0.01).Ⅲ~Ⅳ期甲状腺癌患者的Survivin及Livin阳性表达率明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,有淋巴结转移患者的Survivin及Livin阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移患者(P﹤0.01).甲状腺癌组织中Bax与Survivin的表达呈负相关(r=-0.435,P﹤0.01),Bax与Livin的表达也呈负相关(r=-0.551,P﹤0.01),Survivin与Livin的表达呈正相关(r=0.738,P﹤0.01).结论Bax在甲状腺癌组织中低表达,Survivin及Livin在甲状腺癌组织中高表达,并与TNM分期及淋巴结转移密切相关,三者联合检测可能成为甲状腺癌预后的参考指标.     

喉癌组织中p21、Yes相关蛋白的表达情况与喉癌患者术后复发的关系

目的探讨喉癌组织中p21蛋白、Yes相关蛋白(YAP)的表达情况与喉癌患者术后复发情况的关系。方法将118例喉癌术后患者根据复发情况分为复发组(n=47)、非复发组(n=68)、失访患者(n=3)。比较复发组与非复发组患者喉癌组织中p21、YAP蛋白的阳性表达情况,并对喉癌患者术后复发的影响因素进行分析。结果复发组患者喉癌组织中p21蛋白的阳性表达率明显低于非复发组患者,YAP蛋白的的阳性表达率明显高于非复发组患者(P﹤0.01)。复发组TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、分化程度为低分化、有淋巴结转移的患者比例均高于非复发组(P﹤0.05)。Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,TNM分期高、发生淋巴结转移、YAP蛋白阳性表达均是喉癌患者术后复发的独立危险因素,p21蛋白阳性表达率升高是喉癌患者术后复发的独立保护因素(P﹤0.05)。结论喉癌组织中p21蛋白表达下调、YAP蛋白表达上调均与喉癌的发生、发展有关,同时可能会增加喉癌患者术后复发的风险。     

同源异型盒A5、高迁移率族蛋白1在卵巢癌中表达及临床意义

目的 探讨同源异型盒A5(HOXA5)、高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)在卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义.方法 分别取38例上皮性卵巢癌患者、22例良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤患者、20例无卵巢病变患者的卵巢癌组织、良性病变组织、正常组织,免疫组化法检测不同组织中HOXA5、HMGB1蛋白的表达情况,及其与患者临床特征的关系;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测不同组织中HOXA5、HMGB1 mRNA的相对表达量.结果 良性病变组织和卵巢癌组织中HOXA5蛋白的阳性表达率和HOXA5 mRNA的相对表达量均低于正常组织,卵巢癌组织中HOXA5蛋白的阳性表达率和HOXA5 mRNA的相对表达量均低于良性病变组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).卵巢癌组织中HMGB1蛋白的阳性表达率和HMGB1 mRNA的相对表达量均高于良性病变组织和正常组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).不同淋巴结转移情况、组织学分级卵巢癌患者卵巢癌组织中HOXA5、HMGB1蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).Pearson相关性分析显示,卵巢癌组织中,HMGB1表达与HOXA5呈负相关(r=-0.371,P﹤0.05).结论 HOXA5在卵巢癌组织中低表达,HMGB1高表达,二者异常表达可能与卵巢癌组织的分化、淋巴结转移有关.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Salivary and serum proteomics in head and neck carcinomas: before and after surgery and radiotherapy

Several body fluids have been evaluated as new sources for cancer biomarker discovery. In this context, salivary and serum proteomics seem promising diagnostic and predictive tools for head and neck diseases. In the present study, we performed a proteomic analysis of saliva and serum from patients presenting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compared the results before and after therapy. In saliva of cancer patients, we observed an altered protein profile, including over-expression of PLUNC and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein. Both proteins may contribute to control tumor growth and, therefore, represent targets for new analysis. We also detected serotransferrin and a modified transthyretin form with altered levels in serum from patients. Comparing preoperative and postreatment samples, the results showed that the protein profile after treatment reverted to a pattern closer to those observed for controls. These results add information on the role of secreted proteins in the cancer process and emphasize the potential of saliva and serum analysis for diagnosis and monitoring of HNSCC.     

Proliferation and apoptosis in acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome

Clonal expansion of leukemic cells is thought to be due to proliferation in excess of apoptosis. To define and compare proliferation and apoptosis between various leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we measured proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation as surrogate markers for proliferation and caspase 3 activity and annexin V surface binding as surrogate markers for activation of the apoptotic cascade in patients with MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found high proliferation in bone marrow cells from MDS and CMML as measured by PCNA and BrdU incorporation. The lowest level of proliferation was found in CLL. Apoptosis was also highest in MDS and CMML as measured by annexin V and caspase 3 activity. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in proliferation in bone marrow CD34+ cells from various leukemias or MDS. Apoptosis was significantly higher in bone marrow CD34+ cells from MDS and CML in chronic phase as compared to CD34+ cells from AML patients. Our results illustrate differences in proliferation and apoptosis between acute and chronic leukemias and MDS. These differences may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.     

Occupational and environmental radiation and cancer

Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between occupational and environmental radiation and cancer is reviewed. Studies of pioneering radiation workers, underground miners, and radium dial painters revealed excess cancer deaths and contributed to the setting of radiation protection standards and to theories of carcinogenesis. Occupational exposures today are generally much lower than in the past, thus any associated increases in cancer will be difficult to detect. Pooling investigations of these more recently exposed workers, however, has the potential to validate current estimates of risk used in radiation protection. New information on the effects of chronic radiation exposure also may come from studies in the former Soviet Union of Chernobyl clean-up workers and of workers at the Mayak nuclear facilities. Studies of environmental radiation exposures, other than radon, are largely inconclusive, due mainly to the difficulties in detecting the low risks associated with low dose exposures. Thyroid cancer, however, has been linked to environmental radiation from the Chernobyl accident and from nuclear weapons tests. Low-level radiation released during normal operations at nuclear plants has not been found to increase cancer rates in surrounding populations. Radon, a human carcinogen, is the most ubiquitous exposure to human populations; remediating high residential-radon levels is recommended, recognizing that the exposure can never be removed completely because it occurs naturally.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.