内镜下切除十二指肠乳头部肿瘤的疗效和安全性

目的探讨十二指肠乳头部肿瘤经内镜下切除的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2020年1月于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院内镜科行内镜下十二指肠乳头部肿瘤切除的21例患者的临床病理资料,分析手术效果和术后并发症的发生情况。结果 21例患者均成功行内镜下十二指肠乳头部肿瘤切除,切除病灶大小为0.5~2.8 cm,整块切除19例,分块切除2例。术后总并发症的发生率为52.4%(11/21)。术后迟发性出血8例(38.1%),5例患者通过内镜下止血治疗后出血停止,3例患者经介入栓塞治疗后出血停止;穿孔2例(9.5%),经过抗炎、腹腔穿刺引流等保守治疗后愈合;术后胰腺炎5例(23.8%),给予生长抑素和消炎痛栓肛塞处理后好转。术前活检示,高级别上皮内瘤变11例,低级别上皮内瘤变8例,慢性炎症2例;术后病理结果显示,腺癌4例,腺瘤17例。术前活检病理结果与术后病理的吻合率为38.1%(8/21),其中术前活检病理低估11例(52.4%),高估2例(9.5%)。切缘阳性4例。所有患者预后良好,随访期内无死亡病例。结论对于早期十二指肠乳头部肿瘤应当采取积极的切除治疗策略,内镜下十二指肠乳头部肿瘤切除术安全、有效,可以作为首选术式。     

原发性十二指肠乳头癌误诊误治2例

收集天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院半年来收治外院误诊误治原发性十二指肠乳头癌2例,报告如下。 例1 女,62岁,因黄疸、发热1周住外院,经B超检查诊断：胆囊结石,胆总管下段梗阻。行胆囊切除,胆总管探查引流术,术后10天T管造影：胆总管下段梗阻,胃镜检查：十二指肠乳头溃疡型肿物1．2cm×1．0cm。术后40天,于2000年5月22日转天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院,行胰十二指肠切除术。术后病理报告：十二指肠乳头腺管癌,侵出浆膜。经抗炎、抑制胰液分泌及支持治疗,现术后6个月健在。 例2 女,53岁,因间断发热2个月,腹痛1周住外院,行B超检查…     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰管胃粘膜缝合术

1988年4月～1991年7月,作者为7例胰头腺癌、壶腹部癌行胰十二指肠切除术,改进消化道重建,胰管胃粘膜缝合术,胰断面胃粘膜下埋植术.胰管经胃经鼻外减压引流.手术操作简单、安全、可靠.1 临床资料男性5例,女性2例.年龄45岁～69岁,重度黄疸2例,轻度黄疸4例,1例无黄疸.7例行胰十二指肠切除术后,3例胰管—胃粘膜缝合术,4例行胰管—胃粘膜固定术.病理报告:5例为胰头腺癌,2例为壶腹部腺癌.手术操作 游离胰断端1cm,保留胰管于胰断     

内镜下胆道支架治疗恶性胆道梗阻临床观察与护理

目的:总结通过纤维十二指肠镜逆行胆胰管造影(ERCP)放置胆道内支架治疗晚期恶性胆道梗阻的临床观察和护理.方法:32例恶性梗阻性黄疸的患者,均行ERCP(经内镜逆行胰胆管造影)术,根据情况置人不同支架.结果:术后黄疸逐渐消退,皮肤瘙痒等症状消失或减轻.插管成功的30例患者血清总胆红素从(170.84±101.72)μmol/L下降到术后l周(105.42±82.44)μmol/L,发生并发症2例,其中急性胰腺炎1例,胆管炎l例,并发症发生率均为3.33％.结论:全部患者经过精心护理和健康教育,临床症状显著缓解,生存质量明显改善.     

内镜下射频结合食道支架治疗食管恶性梗阻的临床分析

目的:探索经内镜射频、扩张结合食道支架治疗食管恶性梗阻的临床应用价值.方法:在内镜直视下,运用射频电极、扩张器和食道支架对食道癌术后复发病灶和晚期食道癌所致管腔狭窄进行治疗.25例食道恶性梗阻内镜不能通过患者,其中18例患者经过1次射频治疗后胃镜顺利通过狭窄口,后再行食道支架置入;7例患者经过2次射频治疗后食道管腔变宽但胃镜仍不能通过,予扩张后行食道支架置入.结果:25例患者随访1-12个月,无严重并发症,所有患者经治疗后营养迅速恢复,停止静脉补液.结论:经内镜下射频、扩张结合食道支架置入术是食道恶性梗阻较理想的姑息治疗方法,且设备价廉,操作简单,安全性高,易于推广应用.     

乳头管腺瘤1例

乳头管腺瘤临床罕见。国外,Perzin305000标本中,仅见38例。国内吴克兰和顾绥岳各报告1例。乳头管腺瘤多见于40～50岁妇女,病程较长。主要症状为乳头溢液、疼痛、搔痒。乳头常发红、糜烂、挂血样液或结痂、肿大、变硬。在乳头和乳晕下常可摸到肿块。现报告乳头管腺瘤1例如下:女,42岁,左乳头肿物、糜烂、流淡黄色和血水样液,局部搔痒3年。左乳头有直径0. 8cm片状肿物,表面结痂,痂下为鲜红     

X线下大气管覆支架置入术1例

报告１例重度呼吸困难患者行气管内支架置入术得以缓解。患者男性,４１岁,因右肺中心型肺癌于１９９９年１月２６日全麻下行右全肺切除术。病理报告为鳞状细胞癌。术后未行任何辅助治疗。近３个月来患者咳嗽、咯血,１个月前出现憋气、呼吸困难、平静呼吸可闻大气管喘鸣。纤维支气管镜检查,大气管中段可见肿物,导致管腔明显狭窄。高电压胸片,见肿物位于大气管中段,环形生长,长约４cm,气管最狭窄处为０．２cm。临床诊为右全肺切除术后大气管肿物、支气管重度狭窄。２００１年９月２０日,行环甲膜穿刺滴入２％利多卡因,清醒状态下气…     

十二指肠Brunner‘s腺瘤2例

例1:女,32岁,心窝部闷痛伴返酸2年,进食或服药后缓解,无黑便史。胃镜见十二指肠球部小弯侧黄豆大肿物,周围肠粘膜呈花斑状。术中见球部后壁有1×0.8cm灰白色息肉样肿物,基部宽表面无糜烂。行胃大部切除术,病理诊断:十二指肠肠腺错构瘤,慢性十二指肠球炎。     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰管结扎预防胰瘘的临床研究

目的 :研究胰十二指肠切除术后胰管暂时性结扎对胰瘘的预防作用。方法 :对山东省肿瘤医院1989年 5月 - 2 0 0 2年 10月因壶腹周围肿瘤行胰十二指肠切除术的 2 30例患者 ,比较胰管结扎组 (A组 )和胰管不结扎组 (B组 )胰瘘的发生情况。结果 :胰管A组 16 0例患者发生胰瘘 4例 ,发生率为 2 5 % ;B组7例出现胰瘘 ,发生率为 10 % ,两组差异有显著意义 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :行胰十二指肠切除术时胰管暂时性结扎手术操作简单 ,预防胰瘘效果可靠 ,是胰十二指肠切除术胰管较可靠的处理方式     

金属内支架对45例胃十二指肠恶性梗阻的治疗

目的：探讨不能手术切除的胃十二指肠恶性梗阻介入治疗的临床价值方法：45例患者均有明显的梗阻症状，其中胃窦及幽门梗阻17例（37．8％），十二指肠梗阻22例（48.9％）．胃十二指肠吻合口梗阻6例（13.3％）在X线透视监视下，经口腔置入自膨式金属内支架47枚．并对13例患者支架术后1～2周行局部动脉灌注化疗，结果：45例患者中44例一次成功置放支架，一次性技术成功率为97．8％支架置入后梗阻症状缓解．当日即能进软食．无严重并发症发生，随访时间2～15个月，患者平均生存5.5个月。结论：对于不能或拒绝手术的胃十二指肠恶性梗阻的患者，金属内支架置入是简单、有效、安全、创伤小的治疗方法。     

Contribution of endoscopy to diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the ampulla of Vater

In a series of 52 patients presenting with tumors of the ampulla of Vater, endoscopic procedures, especially endoscopic sphincterotomy and snare biopsies, permitted histologic classifications as follows: adenocarcinoma: 50%, adenoma: 35%, and adenoma with cancer: 15%. In 37% of cases, the papilla was normal endoscopically and the tumor was detected only after sphincterotomy. Destruction of adenomas by snare resection, laser photoradiation, or both after sphincterotomy was attempted in 11 patients. Subsequent biopsies revealed persistence or recurrence of adenomatous tissue in only one case and complete destruction of adenomas, with a mean duration of follow-up of 39 months, in the 10 other cases. Palliative treatment by endoscopic procedures was performed in 21 patients and was effective for a mean of 45 months for adenomas and for a mean of 6 months for adenocarcinomas, with a mortality of 10%. To avoid repeated sphincterotomy in patients requiring palliative treatment, the data support the early use of endobiliary prostheses. Endoscopic palliative treatment is not indicated, however, for infiltrative tumors that can induce rapid duodenal obstruction.     

早期原发性十二指肠腺癌1例报道并文献回顾

目的 探讨十二指肠腺癌特点及有效临床早期诊治方法.方法 对l例早期原发性十二指肠腺癌的内镜诊断、手术局部切除的诊治经过作报道并复习相关文献.结果 1例十二指肠腺癌通过内镜早期诊断,并于内镜钛夹标记后行肿瘤局部手术,最大限度保存解剖结构的完整.术后随访未见局部复发、转移.结论 十二指肠腺癌早期病变可通过局部手术切除、内镜黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)、内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗,明显改善预后.     

内镜切除与腹腔镜手术治疗胃间质瘤临床对比分析

目的:比较内镜切除与腹腔镜手术治疗直径为2~5 cm胃间质瘤的临床对比分析,探讨消化内镜治疗较大胃间质瘤的临床应用价值。方法:收集2013年6月至2018年6月我院病理诊断为胃间质瘤的78例患者临床资料,其中内镜组45例,腹腔镜组33例,比较二者的一般资料、围手术期及随访等情况。结果:两组在年龄、性别、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤危险程度分级上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;内镜组肿瘤直径［（3.13±0.83)cm］较腹腔镜组［（3.67±1.03)cm］小,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组在完整切除率上差异无统计学意义;内镜组手术时间、术后排气时间、术后住院时间、住院总费用均小于腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;内镜组并发症发生率为17.8%,较腹腔镜组（6.1%）高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。内镜组术后随访（22.4±15.4）个月,腹腔镜组术后随访（24.7±17.5）个月,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。随访期间,内镜组均未发生复发、转移和死亡,腹腔镜组1例术后14个月复发,两组在复发、转移及死亡率上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:内镜下治疗2~5 cm直径的胃间质瘤创伤小、恢复快、疗效好,预后和腹腔镜无差异,但是内镜组手术主动穿孔与被动穿孔发生率较高,但均能成功缝合,不影响预后及经济性,内镜下治疗较大直径的胃间质瘤有望成为开腹手术及腹腔镜手术之外的方式之一,更广泛应用于临床。     

A case of flat elevated type carcinoma in adenoma of the duodenum with gastric cancer

Duodenal adenoma is rare, and there have been very few case reports of flat elevated type adenoma. We report a case of flat elevated type carcinoma in adenoma of the duodenum with gastric cancer. A 58-year-old man was referred to our hospital for gastric cancer. Endoscopic examination revealed the gastric cancer and a flat elevated tumor in the descending part of the duodenum, measuring 6 cm in diameter. The biopsy specimen of the duodenal lesion was diagnosed as adenoma. Distal gastrectomy and segmental partial resection of the duodenum were performed with no complication. Histologically, the gastric cancer was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with submcosal invasion and without lymph node metastasis, and the duodenal tumor was a well differentiated carcinoma in villous adenoma. The duodenal adenocarcinoma was limited to the mucosal layer and the resected margins were free of tumor. It is difficult to distinguish a carcinoma from a benign elevated lesion in the duodenum. Therefore, a resection of the whole tumor is necessary. Though endoscopic resection is the first choice of therapy, a surgical partial resection is necessary when it is difficult. Then, a segmental resection may be one of the useful procedures of surgery.     

Safety and efficacy of endoscopic resection for the treatment of duodenal subepithelial lesions

BackgroundEndoscopic management of duodenal subepithelial lesions is challenging, and there are only a few studies on this topic. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic resection for the treatment of duodenal subepithelial lesions.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, including epidemiologic characteristics, therapeutic outcomes, complications, and follow-up results, of 49 patients with duodenal subepithelial lesions who underwent endoscopic resection at our hospital between August 2010 and September 2019.ResultsWe performed 35 endoscopic submucosal dissection, 9 endoscopic mucosal resection, 3 endoscopic submucosal excavation, and 2 endoscopic full-thickness resection. The en bloc resection rate and R0 resection rate were 95.9% and 89.8%, respectively. Delayed perforations developed in 2 (4.1%) patients; surgical intervention was required for both. Coagulation syndrome developed in 1 (2.0%) patient; however, it was treated conservatively. Delayed bleeding or other serious complications did not occur. One patient underwent complementary surgery after endoscopic resection. One (2.3%) recurrence occurred in patients who underwent endoscopic resection at a median follow-up duration of 24 months (range, 1–88 months).ConclusionsEndoscopic resection is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for the histopathologic assessment and curative treatment of duodenal subepithelial lesions originating from the submucosal or muscularis propria.     

Primary Endonasal DCR Without Stent: Our Experience and Case Series Analysis

Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy is widely accepted and effective treatment option for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. It can be done with or without the use of stents. This study was carried out to evaluate the results of endonasal DCR surgery and to access efficacy of this procedure without stenting. This is a prospective clinical study conducted in Departments of ENT and Ophthalmology, L.N. Medical College and J.K. Hospital, Bhopal from October 2008 to April 2012. A total of 90 patients with epiphora as evidenced by nasolacrimal duct blockage on syringing were included in the study. These patients underwent endoscopic DCR without stenting. The cases were followed up to 18 months postoperative. Surgical success was defined as anatomical patency and symptomatic relief at the end of the follow up period. Failure was defined as no symptomatic relief, and/or acute dacryocystitis, and/or non patent lacrimal drainage system. Surgical success was observed in 80 of 90 (88.89 %) patients. Incidence of complication was low as only 6 patients had minor complication of bleeding, synechie and granulation tissue formation. It was concluded that high success rates could be achieved in case of nasolacrimal duct obstruction by endoscopic DCR. Thus, we can minimize complications, discomfort, the cost of stenting and follow up visits after endonasal DCR surgery.     

Clinicopathological features of elevated lesions of the duodenal bulb

We present here our findings on patients with an elevated lesion of the duodenal bulb. All these patients were treated in our clinics between the years 1984 and 1988. These lesions were present in 36 of 8,802 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal pan-endoscopy. Two patients had a duodenal carcinoma, 2 an adenoma, and 1 a Brunner's gland adenoma. There were 15 with a hyperplastic polyp, 3 with a heterogenic gastric mucosa, 3 with Brunner's gland hyperplasia, 6 with duodenitis, and 4 with regenerative mucosa. Among these 36 lesions, only 69% (25 lesions) were evident on the upper gastrointestinal X-ray series. Adenoma and Brunner's gland adenoma were of a pedunculated form of the gross type and had an irregular surface mucosa. Both duodenal carcinomas were detected by endoscopic biopsy and were resected. Histologically, these lesions were limited to the submucosal layer and were of the non-pedunculated polypoid form, but there were no other characteristic endoscopic features, in comparison with other elevated lesions. Thus, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with routine observations of the duodenal bulb plus endoscopic biopsy will lead to a definite diagnosis of these elevated lesions and to the early detection and treatment of this rare malignant lesion.     

A case of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated by pancreas-sparing partial duodenectomy

An 79-year-old man admitted our hospital for abdominal mass. Computed tomography showed a tumor measuring about 10 cm in diameter without any metastasis lesion and any sings of local infiltration. Gastroduodenal endoscopy revealed the presence of a submucosal tumor in the third portion of the duodenum, and biopsy revealed tumor cells stained positive for c-kit. These findings were consistent with a GIST and we performed a partial resection of the duodenum sparing the pancreas. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were mainly located in the stomach and the small intestine. Duodenal localization is rare. Surgical approach for GISTs should basically be a partial resection. However, for GISTs located in the duodenum, the partial resection was sometimes difficult and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) may be needed, depending on the tumor size and the location of the tumor close to the papilla Vater. Since GIST grew expansively, rarely involving lymph nodes, PD may be an excessive procedure to treat the disease. For this reason pancreas-sparing partial duodenectomy has been introduced for the treatment of duodenal GIST.     

WallFlex? Duodenal Stent Placement in a Gastric Cancer Patient with Malignant Stenosis of a Roux-en-Y Gastrojejunostomy following Distal Gastrectomy

A 69-year-old Japanese woman with a history of distal gastrectomy with a Roux-en-Y reconstruction for advanced gastric cancer was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe dysphagia. On admission, the patient was only able to take liquids, and a firm, fist-sized tumor was palpable in her left upper abdomen. An endoscopic examination disclosed stenosis of the jejunal limb of the gastrojejunostomy. Abdominal computed tomography revealed that a recurrent tumor, 5.0 cm in diameter, was compressing the jejunal limb of the gastrojejunostomy. A knitted nitinol self-expandable metallic stent (WallFlex™ duodenal stent) was placed endoscopically at the stenotic jejunum from the gastrojejunostomy. The time required for stenting and total endoscopic manipulation was 12 and 35 minutes, respectively. No stent-related complications were observed. The patient could resume oral ingestion 1 day after endoscopic stenting and was discharged on the fifth day after treatment. She survived for 201 days after stenting. She continued oral ingestion for 194 days and stayed at home for 165 days. The WallFlex duodenal stent allows safe endoscopic stenting, even in cases of malignant stenosis of a gastrojejunostomy following distal gastrectomy. This stenting device will extend the indications for endoscopic palliation of gastric cancer patients with gastric outlet stenosis.Key words: Gastric cancer, Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, Recurrence, WallFlex™ duodenal stent