恶性肿瘤休眠的相关因素的研究

恶性肿瘤是可以休眠的,它与以下因素有关:①温度;②年龄;③组织器官;④组织分化程度;⑤供血因素;⑥精神因素;⑦早期肿瘤比晚期肿瘤休眠率高;⑧良性肿瘤比恶性肿瘤休眠率高;⑨基因;⑩人体的免疫系统."癌症休眠理论"的提出导致饿死肿瘤疗法的产生.癌症永久休眠不再复苏可能是攻克癌症的好方法.     

肝癌的病理生理学研究的新发现

根据这些发现，研究人员得出结论：“延长干扰素治疗能预防肝细胞癌，甲胎蛋白增高和／或严重肝硬化的病人，能耐受干扰素有关副作用者，建议延长使用。”     

健康的身体需要合理的晚餐

饮食是我们生活中非常重要的一个环节,一日三餐,为我们人体提供每日必不可少的营养物质,从而维持人体的各种生理功能。一直以来,在中国人的饮食习惯当中,晚餐便是一日三餐中最重要的,而且随着社会节奏的加快,人们在忙碌的生活中,使得早餐显得有些匆忙,而午餐又因工作、环境、家庭等原因,比较容易被忽视,所以晚餐自然就更被人们当做重中之重了。     

肺癌的抗体治疗的研究进展

肺癌的传统疗法效果不够理想，用抗体治疗肺癌是一较为有效的方法。目前主要有5类抗体用于治疗肺癌：（1）西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)、ABXEGF(Panitumumab)、Matuzumab（EMD72000）和曲妥珠单抗(Herceptin)等，这类抗体通过结合肿瘤细胞表面分子抑制细胞生长，具有较好的疗效，     

一种实用的基于GPU的Katsevich算法的实现

Katseivch算法是精确地解决锥束螺旋CT“长物体”问题的滤波反投影（FBP）形式的CT重建算法,不过它依然是非常耗时的,实际应用中必须考虑如何加速的问题。本文给出了一个使用通用显卡（GPU）对该算法进行并行加速的方法。同已有的方法相比较,几乎所有的计算都在GPU上完成,并且重建时所使用的积分范围是由PI线决定的,并且给出了算法所需要的精确地显存大小,10次数也被最大可能地降低。本文使用了标准数值模型对方法的速度、准确性和稳定性进行了验证。     

温暖的陪伴 隽永的告别

1950年阿姨出生在安徽省一个山明水秀的小山村,她家有4个孩子,她排行老三,上有大她20岁的哥哥和大她18岁的姐姐,下有小她3岁的弟弟,父母的疼爱和哥哥姐姐的呵护使阿姨的童年无忧而快乐。     

从美国的临终关怀想到的……

我在美国斯隆凯瑟琳癌症纪念医院学习期间,接触了很多姑息治疗与临终关怀的临床和教学工作,有很多感触,写来和大家一起讨论,希望能够对我们的临终关怀工作有所启发.     

美丽的肥皂泡——女儿的自述

一直以来我认为自己的生活完美无缺。妈妈患癌只是一时的脱发．短暂的生病．在她和我们全家的生活中只是一个偶然的插曲．就像看每周1次的电视秀一样．每周二我和姐姐都要回家．围坐在妈妈身边．听她讲述过去的1周里发生的事情。妈妈的故事好像一部肥皂剧．剧中的人物有令人轻松愉快的女护士、友善的男服务员．享誉世界的医生和患者。从来没有想过我们忙碌而温馨的生活与剧情有什么关系．更没有想过剧中出现的患者是我的妈妈。     

上帝造的与人造的

我现在越来越喜欢使用类比这种思考方式，也越来越喜欢采用比喻的说法。我频繁使用上帝这个词，并不意味着我相信一个有人格的上帝，一个可以与人沟通的神。我只是采用了“上帝”这个比喻性的、拟人的说法。当然我也可以辩称，我所说的上帝是爱因斯坦或者斯宾诺莎的上帝，就是自然（规律）本身。     

健康的鸡生出健康的蛋

近些年来随着饲料工业的发展及生产技术的提高,使得养鸡业也得到了大发展,同时也创造出了一些"奇迹".例如肯德鸡的工场化快速生长的鸡,在其"高效管理"下,以惊人的33天生产出来的鸡不断走入人们的日常生活.国内的普通饲养水平大约是40天左右上市.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.