2010年北京市东城区恶性肿瘤发病与

[目的]分析北京市东城区2010年恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况,为肿瘤防治工作提供科学依据。[方法]对北京市肿瘤防治研究办公室提供的数据进行分析,计算2010年北京市东城区恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率、累积发病(死亡)率等指标。[结果]2010年北京市东城区新发恶性肿瘤病例2669例,粗发病率279.16/10万(男性340.73/10万,女性330.58/10万);死亡病例1821例,粗死亡率190.46/10万(男性216.70/10万,女性164.71/10万)。恶性肿瘤发病第1位的是肺癌,其次是结直肠癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、甲状腺癌和肾癌,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的72.91%。恶性肿瘤死亡第1位的是肺癌,其次是结直肠癌、肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、胆囊癌、前列腺癌和膀胱癌,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的76.28%。[结论]肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肝癌等消化系统肿瘤是主要流行癌种,应作为今后恶性肿瘤防治工作的重点。     

2012年湖北省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况分析

目的 分析湖北省肿瘤登记地区2012年恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡流行特征。方法 收集整理2012年湖北省肿瘤登记地区上报的恶性肿瘤发病与死亡数据,计算发病/死亡粗率、年龄别发病（死亡）率,0~74累积率等指标。结果 2012年湖北省肿瘤登记地区覆盖人口数为8 221 036人（其中男性4 183 884人,女性4 037 152人）。新发病例数24 182例,发病粗率为294.15/10万（男性319.92/10万,女性267.44/10万）,中国人口标化率（用2000年中国人口）为194.33/10万,世界人口标化率为210.93/10万。恶性肿瘤死亡病例14 459例,死亡粗率为175.88/10万 ,中标率是111.20/10万,世标率125.76/10万。湖北省肿瘤登记地区的恶性肿瘤发病首位为肺癌,其次为乳腺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、子宫颈癌、食管癌、甲状腺癌、前列腺癌和卵巢癌。占全部恶性肿瘤发病的74.35%。恶性肿瘤死亡前十位分别为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、淋巴瘤、子宫颈癌及前列腺癌。占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的81.05%。结论 湖北省肿瘤登记地区发病主要癌种为肺癌、乳腺癌、消化系统肿瘤。湖北肿瘤登记城市地区甲状腺癌发病率较高需引起重视。     

2014—2017年广西城市癌症早诊早治项目癌症风险评估及筛查结果分析

目的 分析 2014—2017 年广西城市癌症早诊早治项目中癌症高危评估和临床筛查结果。 方法 采用整群抽样的方法选取2014年11月至2017年8月广西南宁市西乡塘区和青秀区的40~74岁常住户籍人口为调查对象，以《防癌风险评估问卷》对其进行调查，评估出五大癌症（肺癌、上消化道癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和乳腺癌）高危人群并进行临床筛查，分析各癌种的高风险率、筛查参与率和检出率。结果 共152 630人完成问卷调查和风险评估，癌症高危72 376人（47.62%），其中肺癌、食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和女性乳腺癌评估的高风险率分别为25.66%、17.39%、26.11%、28.95%、22.19%、32.76%；男性肺癌高风险率高于女性，女性食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌高风险率高于男性。肺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、上消化道癌的临床筛查参与率依次为26.42%、25.18%、25.03%、11.31%、7.68%。临床筛查结果显示，疑似肺癌、疑似肝癌、乳腺BI-RADS 4～5级、结直肠癌和上消化道癌的检出率分别为0.58%、0.05%、2.79%、0.13%和0.12%。结论 2014—2017年广西城市癌症早诊早治项目癌症筛查参与率及各癌种阳性病变检出率均不高，需提高区域人群防癌意识和体检筛查参与度，进一步识别癌症高危人群，提高筛查效果。     

2014—2018年山西省城市癌症早诊早治项目筛查结果分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析山西省2014—2018年城市癌症早诊早治项目的癌症筛查结果。［方法］ 采取整群随机抽样的方法,选取太原市、阳泉市、晋城市40～74岁常住居民进行患癌风险评估,评估出的高风险对象免费接受相应癌种的临床筛查,分析评估各癌种的高风险率、筛查顺应性和阳性病变检出率。［结果］ 研究人群整体患癌高风险率为41.37%,其中男性高风险率高于女性,55～59岁人群高风险率最高,各癌种高风险率从高到低依次为：上消化道癌22.46%,肺癌19.94%,乳腺癌17.38%,结直肠癌12.24%,肝癌9.42%;各癌种筛查顺应性从高到低为：乳腺癌（51.33%）、肝癌（43.74%）、肺癌（34.41%）、结直肠癌（21.71%）、上消化道癌（14.53%）;临床筛查结果显示,肺癌、上消化道癌和结直肠癌的阳性病变检出率随年龄的增加而增高,45～49岁女性乳腺癌阳性病变检出率较高,男性上消化道癌和结直肠癌的阳性病变检出率高于女性。［结论］ 人群患癌高风险比例分布与当地癌症发病分布基本一致,筛查顺应性和筛查方法相关,介入性检查顺应性较低。筛查人群高风险率、顺应性以及阳性病变检出率不同性别和不同年龄段存在一定的差异,有针对性地对城市高风险人群进行筛查,能够发现早期癌症患者,从长远来讲将有效降低癌症的发病率和死亡率。     

新疆石河子市2010年恶性肿瘤发病和死亡流行特征

摘 要：［目的］ 了解2010年石河子市肿瘤发病与死亡的流行特征,为肿瘤的预防控制提供科学依据。［方法］ 根据石河子市肿瘤登记处2010年登记的恶性肿瘤发病及死亡资料,统计和分析肿瘤粗发病率、粗死亡率、年龄别发病率、年龄别死亡率、中标率及世标率等指标。［结果］ 2010年石河子市新发肿瘤病例990例,死亡病例516例,肿瘤发病率为172.68/10万（男性194.28/10万,女性150.76/10万）,中标率为90.74/10万,世标率为121.50/10万;肿瘤死亡率为90.00/10万（男性106.66/10万,女性73.09/10万）,中标率为49.88/10万,世标率为65.53/10万。男性肿瘤发病率和死亡率均高于女性,且随着年龄的增长而升高(χ2发病趋势=157.38,P<0.001;χ2死亡趋势=180.02,P<0.001)。肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、宫颈癌、淋巴瘤、卵巢癌等是石河子市常见的恶性肿瘤,约占全部肿瘤新发病例的69.84%;肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、食管癌、淋巴瘤、前列腺癌是石河子主要的肿瘤死因,约占全部肿瘤死亡病例的64.92%。［结论］ 石河子市肿瘤发病率接近全国和世界水平,应加强肿瘤综合防控措施,有效降低石河子市肿瘤流行水平。     

2013年福建省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

摘 要：［目的］ 描述分析2013年福建省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况。［方法］ 根据中国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核和评价方法,对9个符合评价标准的肿瘤登记地区的数据进行合并分析,分别计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率、累积率（0~74岁）、年龄别率以及前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位和构成等。［结果］ 2013年福建省肿瘤登记地区新发恶性肿瘤病例12 386例,死亡病例8129例;病理学诊断比例（MV%）为68.93%,仅有死亡医学证明书比例（DCO%）为0.84%,死亡/发病比（M/I）为0.66。全省恶性肿瘤粗发病率为251.18/10万（男性307.84/10万,女性193.32/10万）,中标率为196.26/10万,世标率为192.28/10万,累积率（0~74岁）为22.71%;粗死亡率为164.85/10万（男性227.33/10万,女性101.04/10万）,中标率为125.53/10万,世标率为123.91/10万,累积率（0~74岁）为14.64%。发病前10位恶性肿瘤是肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、甲状腺癌、子宫体癌和前列腺癌,占全部恶性肿瘤的78.02%。死亡前10位恶性肿瘤是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌、脑肿瘤、白血病、胰腺癌和子宫体癌,占全部恶性肿瘤的84.32%。［结论］ 肺癌、消化系统恶性肿瘤和女性乳腺癌是福建省肿瘤登记地区的主要癌肿,应作为福建省肿瘤防治工作的重点。     

2020年全球癌症最新数据解读

近日,世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构(Iternational Agency forResearch on Cancer,IARC)发布2020年全球最新癌症负担数据,涵盖了全球185个国家36种癌症的新发病例数和死亡病例数等情况。全球:乳腺癌新发病例数首超肺癌位列第一,肺癌死亡病例数仍居榜首。2020年全球癌症新发病例数近2000万例,死亡病例数近1000万例,全球癌症负担非常重。值得注意的是,乳腺癌新发病例数226万例,首次超过肺癌,成为全球“第一癌”。令人欣慰的是,在发达国家中,乳腺癌五年生存率近90%,我国亦达83%。肺癌新发病例数虽位居第二,但其死亡病例数高达180万,仍居榜首。其中,男性肺癌的新发病例数和死亡病例数均为女性的两倍左右,主要由主动吸烟等因素差异所致。     

浙江省肿瘤登记地区2010年癌症发病与死亡分析

[目的]分析2010年浙江省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡情况。[方法]收集2010年浙江省7个肿瘤登记处上报的恶性肿瘤发病与死亡资料,计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率等指标。采用1982年中国标准人口构成和Segi’s世界人口构成分别计算中国和世界人口年龄标化发病率和死亡率。[结果]2010年浙江省肿瘤登记地区共报告恶性肿瘤新发病例35 226例,恶性肿瘤粗发病率为332.03/10万,中标率为161.35/10万,男性发病率高于女性,城市地区发病率高于农村地区。癌症发病在40岁以后快速上升,80～岁年龄组达到发病高峰。发病前10位癌症依次为肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、淋巴瘤和脑肿瘤,占全部癌症发病病例的75.39%。2010年浙江省肿瘤登记地区共报告恶性肿瘤死亡病例19 399例,恶性肿瘤粗死亡率为182.85/10万,中标率为78.78/10万,男性死亡率高于女性,城市地区死亡率低于农村地区。癌症死亡在45岁以后快速上升,80～岁年龄组达到死亡高峰。死亡前10位癌症依次为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、淋巴瘤、脑肿瘤、白血病和乳腺癌,占全部癌症死亡病例的87.63%。[结论]肺癌、女性乳腺癌和消化系统恶性肿瘤是浙江省肿瘤防治的主要癌种。     

2015年广西肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

目的 分析2015年广西肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况。方法 按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准,对广西26个县区上报的恶性肿瘤发病、死亡和人口数据进行汇总,按地区、性别、年龄进行分层,计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡的粗率、标化率、累积率（0～74 岁）和前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位及构成等。人口标准化率计算采用全国2000年人口普查人口结构和Segi's世界人口结构。结果 2015年纳入分析的26个县区（其中城区19个,县及县级市7个）,覆盖人口9 414 305人（其中城市5 679 778人,农村3 734 527人）,新发恶性肿瘤病例22 644例,死亡病例13 737例,恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率分别为240.53/10 万（男性275.63/10万,女性202.99/10 万）和145.92/10 万（男性191.62/10万,女性97.05/10 万）,中标发病率和死亡率分别为191.79/10 万和112.83/10 万,世标发病率和死亡率分别为186.76/10 万和110.91/10 万,累积（0～74 岁）发病率和死亡率分别为21.07%和12.52%。城市地区发病率和死亡率分别为254.16/10 万和146.47/10 万,中标发病率和死亡率分别为203.42/10 万和114.47/10万。农村地区发病率和死亡率分别为219.79/10 万和145.08/10 万,中标发病率和死亡率分别为175.86/10 万和111.80/10万。发病前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、子宫体癌、前列腺癌和脑肿瘤,占全部新发病例的76.90%。死亡前10位恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、宫颈癌、食管癌、前列腺癌和白血病,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡报告病例的82.32%。结论 2015年广西肿瘤登记地区常见发病与死亡恶性肿瘤为肝癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、鼻咽癌和宫颈癌,应将其作为防治工作的重点,同时前列腺癌和女性甲状腺癌发病率上升,亦要加强关注。     

2016年福建省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析2016年福建省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况。［方法］ 收集整理2016年福建省肿瘤登记地区上报的恶性肿瘤发病与死亡资料,对10个符合评价标准的登记地区数据进行合并分析,分别计算恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率、累积率（0～74岁）、年龄别率以及前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位和构成等,人口标准化率根据全国 2000 年人口普查人口结构和 Segi’s 世界人口结构计算。［结果］ 2016年福建省肿瘤登记地区新发恶性肿瘤病例18 359例,死亡病例10 560例;病理学诊断比例（MV%）为68.12%,仅有死亡医学证明书比例（DCO%）为1.62%,死亡发病比（M/I）为0.58。2016年福建省肿瘤登记地区粗发病率为284.19/10万（男性316.79/10万,女性250.43/10万）,中标率为208.13/10万,世标率为202.62/10万,累积率（0～74岁）为23.20%,城市地区发病率高于农村地区。2016年福建省肿瘤登记地区粗死亡率为163.47/10万（男性217.03/10万,女性107.99/10万）,中标率为112.93/10万,世标率为111.46/10万,累积率（0～74岁）为13.11%,城市地区死亡率高于农村地区。发病前10位恶性肿瘤分别是肺癌、女性乳腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、宫颈癌、食管癌、前列腺癌和脑肿瘤,占全部恶性肿瘤的78.21%。死亡前10位恶性肿瘤分别是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、食管癌、女性乳腺癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、脑肿瘤和胰腺癌,占全部恶性肿瘤的81.58%。［结论］肺癌、消化系统主要恶性肿瘤和女性乳腺癌是福建省肿瘤登记地区的主要恶性肿瘤,同时甲状腺癌和前列腺癌发病上升明显,不同性别、年龄、地区恶性肿瘤疾病负担存在差异,应针对性开展肿瘤防治工作。     

Survival and comorbidities in lung cancer patients: Evidence from administrative claims data in Germany

Lung cancer is the most common cancer type worldwide and has the highest and second highest mortality rate for men and women respectively in Germany. Yet, the role of comorbid illnesses in lung cancer patient prognosis is still debated. We analyzed administrative claims data from one of the largest statutory health insurance (SHI) funds in Germany, covering close to 9 million people (11% of the national population); observation period was from 2005 to 2019. Lung cancer patients and their concomitant diseases were identified by ICD-10-GM codes. Comorbidities were classified according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Incidence, comorbidity prevalence and survival are estimated considering sex, age at diagnosis, and place of residence. Kaplan Meier curves with 95% confidence intervals were built in relation to common comorbidities. We identified 70,698 lung cancer incident cases in the sample. Incidence and survival figures are comparable to official statistics in Germany. Most prevalent comorbidities are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (36.7%), followed by peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (18.7%), diabetes without chronic complications (17.4%), congestive heart failure (CHF) (16.5%) and renal disease (14.7%). Relative to overall survival, lung cancer patients with CHF, cerebrovascular disease (CEVD) and renal disease are associated with largest drops in survival probabilities (9% or higher), while those with PVD and diabetes without chronic complications with moderate drops (7% or lower). The study showed a negative association between survival and most common comorbidities among lung cancer patients, based on a large sample for Germany. Further research needs to explore the individual effect of comorbidities disentangled from that of other patient characteristics such as cancer stage and histology.     

Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring the evolution of the cancer burden in Europe is of great value. Estimates of the cancer burden in Europe have been published for 2004 and estimates are now being presented for cancer incidence and mortality in Europe for 2006. METHODS: The most recent sources of cancer incidence and mortality data have been collected and projections have been carried out using short-term prediction methods to produce estimated rates for 2006. Additional estimation was required where national incidence data were not available, and the method involved the projection of the aggregations of cancer incidence and mortality data from representative cancer registries. The estimated 2006 rates were applied to the corresponding estimated country population to obtain the best estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006. RESULTS: In 2006 in Europe, there were an estimated 3,191,600 cancer cases diagnosed (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and 1,703,000 deaths from cancer. The most common form of cancers was breast cancer (429,900 cases, 13.5% of all cancer cases), followed by colorectal cancers (412,900, 12.9%) and lung cancer (386,300, 12.1%). Lung cancer, with an estimated 334,800 deaths (19.7% of total), was the most common cause of death from cancer, followed by colorectal (207,400 deaths), breast (131,900) and stomach (118,200) cancers. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of new cases of cancer in Europe appears to have increased by 300,000 since 2004. With an estimated 3.2 million new cases (53% occurring in men, 47% in women) and 1.7 million deaths (56% in men, 44% in women) each year, cancer remains an important public health problem in Europe and the ageing of the European population will cause these numbers to continue to increase even if age-specific rates remain constant. Evidence-based public health measures exist to reduce the mortality of breast and colorectal cancer while the incidence of lung cancer, and several other forms of cancer, could be diminished by improved tobacco control.     

Lung Cancer in Women: A Single Institution Experience with 50 Patients

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The incidence oflung cancer is aproximately 7-8 thousand percent in Turkish women. In this study, we aimed to evaluate theclinical, pathological properties and survival data of female patients with lung cancer who were treated in ourcenter. Materials and Methods: From 2007 to 2012, 50 women with lung cancer were enrolled. Patient data wereevaluated retrospectively. Results: The median age was 61 (40-81). Forty patients (80%) were diagnosed withnon small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 10 patients (20%) were small cell carcinoma (SCC). Twelve (24%) patientswere smokers and 13 of 16 non-smokers had a history of exposure to asbestos. The most common histologicsubtype was adenocarcinoma (46%) and this accounted for 71% in patients with exposure to asbestos. The mostcommon initial Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score was 1 (24 patients, 48%) andinitial stage was IV (25 patients, 50%) in the study group. During the median 15 months (1-96 months) followupperiod: 1 year overall survival (OS) was 68%, 2yearoverall survival was 36% and the median survival time was19 months. According to univariate analysis, poor ECOG performance status, advanced stage, anemia and weightloss at time of diagnosis were negative prognostic factors. However, adenocarcinoma sub-type was a positiveprognostic factor. Conclusions: In this study NSCLC sub-type, poor ECOG performance score, advanced stage,anemia and weight loss were prognostic factors in Turkish women with lung cancer.     

Predicting lung cancer deaths from smoking prevalence data

Reliable data on lung cancer burden is not available from most developing countries as cancer registration is lacking. In a previously proposed model to estimate lung cancer deaths in those countries using smoking prevalence data, we estimated the current yearly number of lung cancer deaths in Ethiopia as 3356, a figure far above the WHO estimate of 1343 and the GLOBOCAN of 748. Our aim was to further develop and validate our estimation procedure.We included additional data on risk estimates for lung cancer mortality of ex-smokers and an approximation of duration of smoking into our model and reanalysed study results on non-smoker mortality, thus building two improved models. For validation the number of lung cancer deaths in Germany (2006), the UK (2006), Canada (2004), and Utah, USA (2000) were estimated based on all three models and compared to the observed number of deaths in these countries.We found that the refined model with a modified estimate of lung cancer mortality rates in non-smokers and a more detailed incorporation of smoking dose categories estimates rather well the observed lung cancer deaths in the above countries. With this model, the updated estimate of yearly lung cancer deaths in Ethiopia is 2946 deaths, close to the previous reported estimate. If Ethiopian lung cancer mortality rates in never-smokers and smoking relative risks are the same as in industrialised countries, our models suggests that WHO lung cancer deaths may be underestimated in Ethiopia.     

2010-2017年重庆市肺癌疾病负担变化趋势研究

目的肺癌发病率与死亡率居重庆市恶性肿瘤之首,伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALYs)可以全面反映疾病对人群健康的影响。本研究分析重庆市肺癌疾病负担及其变化趋势,为开展肺癌防控提供建议。方法肺癌发病死亡个案病例资料(ICD-10:C33,C34)来源于2010-2017年重庆市肿瘤登记点上报的新发肿瘤病例报告。采用SPSS 25.0统计分析发病率、死亡率、标化发病率与标化死亡率、DALYs、早死所致的寿命损失年(years of life lost,YLLs)、残疾所致寿命损失年(years lived with disability,YLDs)、年度变化百分比(annual percent of change,APC)等指标,趋势变化统计检验采用t检验。结果 2010年重庆市肺癌发病率与标化发病率为48.11/10万与34.08/10万,2017年为78.42/10万与47.43/10万,肺癌发病率APC为6.82%(t=11.21),标化发病率为4.92%(t=6.46),P<0.05。2010年肺癌死亡率与标化死亡率为50.83/10万与33.30/10万,2017年为64.28/10万与39.60/10万,肺癌死亡率APC为3.98%(t=5.19),标化死亡率为2.74%(t=6.19),P<0.05。2010年肺癌DALYs率为12.96千人年,YLD率为0.57千人年,YLLs率为12.39千人年,2017年DALYs率为15.38千人年,YLD率为0.89千人年和YLLs率为14.49千人年,APC DALYs率为2.94%(t=4.37),YLD率为7.25%(t=7.18)与YLLs率为2.74%(t=3.90),均P<0.05。DALYs率男性高于女性。男性、女性与农村地区肺癌的DALYs率均呈上升趋势。结论重庆市肺癌疾病负担逐年上升,肺癌疾病负担高于全国平均水平,应重视肺癌三级预防,降低肺癌的疾病负担。     

Incidence and Clinicopathologic Features of Primary LungCancer: A North-Eastern Anatolia Region Study in Turkey(2006-2012)

Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer among men and second highest among womenoverall, including in Turkey. Cigarette smoking is the most important etiologic factor for the development ofcancer in both men and women. Objective: To determine the lung cancer incidence in Northeastern AnatoliaRegion of Turkey with a focus on clinical properties, cancer subtypes, the relationships of tumors with cigarettesmoking and radiological properties of the lesions. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study design,566 lung cancer cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Ataturk University in Erzurum over the lastseven years extending from January 2006 to June 2012 were investigated. The results were compared withstatistical analyses. Results: The most common histopathological subtype of primary bronchogenic carcinomain our study was found to be the squamous cell carcinoma, 46.1% (261 out of 566), and the second was smallcell lung carcinoma 15.7% (89 out of 566). Based on our data, an overall male predominance was noted with amale/female ratio of 6.1/1. While 296 (52.2%) of the patients were found to be smokers at the time of diagnosis,125 (22.0%) were nonsmokers and 145 (25.6%) were ex-smokers. Smoking status was found to have a strongcorrelation with primary lung cancer (p <0.05), and there were significant differences between males and females(p<0.001). Conclusion: Although relative prominence of subtypes of lung cancers differ between Turkish andother populations, lung cancer overall remains as an important health problem in Turkey. Our findings stressthe critical need for effective cancer prevention programs such as anti-smoking campaigns.     

Recent cancer survival in Germany: An analysis of common and less common cancers

The monitoring of cancer survival by population‐based cancer registries is a prerequisite to evaluate the current quality of cancer care. Our study provides 1‐, 5‐ and 10‐year relative survival as well as 5‐year relative survival conditional on 1‐year survival estimates and recent survival trends for Germany using data from 11 population‐based cancer registries, covering around one‐third of the German population. Period analysis was used to estimate relative survival for 24 common and 11 less common cancer sites for the period 2007–2010. The German and the United States survival estimates were compared using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 13 database. Trends in cancer survival in Germany between 2002–2004 and 2008–2010 were described. Five‐year relative survival increased in Germany from 2002–2004 to 2008–2010 for most cancer sites. Among the 24 most common cancers, largest improvements were seen for multiple myeloma (8.0% units), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (6.2% units), prostate cancer (5.2% units) and colorectal cancer (4.6% units). In 2007–2010, the survival disadvantage in Germany compared to the United States was largest for cancers of the mouth/pharynx (?11.0% units), thyroid (?6.8% units) and prostate (?7.5% units). Although survival estimates were much lower for elderly patients in both countries, differences in age patterns were observed for some cancer sites. The reported improvements in cancer survival might reflect advances in the quality of cancer care on the population level as well as increased use of screening in Germany. The survival differences across countries and the survival disadvantage in the elderly require further investigation.     

729例女性肺癌支气管镜下特征分析

背景与目的近年来,女性肺癌的发生率逐渐升高,该文通过分析湘雅医院1994年1月-2007年6月经支气管镜诊断的女性肺癌病例,探讨其支气管镜下特征。方法对729例女性肺癌患者支气管镜检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果中年组检出数最多(57.0%),其次是老年组(28.5%),青年组较少(14.0%);主要的病理类型分别为腺癌(42.8%)、鳞癌(23.9%)和小细胞癌(19.2%),随着年份的增加三大主要病理类型的检出例数均逐渐增多;好发于右肺(P<0.05),上叶多于下叶(P<0.05);支气管镜下表现以直接征象为主(92.0%),腺癌患者支气管镜下表现以浸润性改变为多(P<0.05),鳞癌和小细胞癌镜下表现均以增生性改变为多(P<0.05);肺不张对应的镜下表现以增生性改变为主(P<0.05),胸腔积液对应的镜下表现以浸润性改变为主(P<0.05)。结论支气管镜检查是诊断女性肺癌的重要手段,借助其可以提高对女性肺癌的认识和警惕,也有助于早期明确诊断。     

Identifying Barriers Associated With Enrollment of Patients With Lung Cancer into Clinical Trials

BackgroundEnrollment of patients with lung cancer into clinical trials is required to accelerate the pace of new therapy development and contribute to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of cancer.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients seen by the thoracic medical oncology team at the Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center (VICC) from November 2005 to November 2008 to determine the barriers associated with patient enrollment in to clinical trials.ResultsOne thousand forty-three patient charts were audited: 32% of patients were eligible for enrollment, and 14% enrolled in a study. There were no significant differences in protocol availability or eligibility by sex, smoking status, or age. Patients living further from the cancer center were significantly less likely to have a study protocol available (P = .009), but if a protocol was available they were more likely to be eligible for enrollment (P < .001). Significantly more protocols were available for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with those who had small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (63% vs. 48%; P < .001). Patients with advanced disease were more likely to have a protocol available (P < .001) and enter a study (P = .031). The most common reasons for patients not being eligible for enrollment were poor performance status (32%) and presence of comorbid disease (27%). The most common reasons for potentially eligible patients not enrolling in a study included preference for treatment closer to home (49%) and patient refusal (43%).ConclusionAdditional strategies are required to increase accrual of patients into lung cancer trials, including development of protocols for early-stage disease and modifying eligibility and performance status criteria for this unique patient population.