CK19与CD56联合应用在甲状腺乳头状癌诊断中的意义

目的:探究细胞角蛋白19（CK19）和黏附分子CD56 在甲状腺乳头状癌诊断中的意义。方法:采用了回顾分析的方法,收集芜湖市第二人民医院病理科87例具有甲状腺乳头状结构形态特点的甲状腺病变蜡块,采用免疫组化SP法检测 CK19、CD56蛋白的表达。结果:CK19在甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC)中阳性率为100.00%,但在结节性甲状腺肿伴滤泡上皮乳头状增生中阳性率为23.81%,差异有统计学意义。CD56在甲状腺乳头状癌中的阳性表达率为11.11%,在结节性甲状腺肿伴滤泡上皮乳头状增生中阳性率为90.48%,差异有统计学意义。结论:CK19在伴有滤泡上皮乳头状增生的甲状腺良性病变及甲状腺乳头状癌中均可出现阳性表达,CK19单独使用有的时候不易区分两者。CD56在甲状腺乳头状癌中低表达,提示CD56可能作为一种新的免疫标记物诊断甲状腺乳头状癌。联合应用CK19与CD56有助于提高甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断准确率。     

RASSF1A、CK19和p53在甲状腺良恶性病变中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Ras相关区域家族1A（RASSF1A）,细胞角蛋白19和p53基因产物在甲状腺乳头状癌及良性病变中的表达及临床意义。方法采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测,41例甲状腺乳头状癌、19例结节性甲状腺肿、35例甲状腺腺瘤和5例桥本氏病患者标本中RASSF1A、细胞角蛋白19和p53基因的表达情况。结果 RASSF1A、CK19和p53阳性表达率甲状腺乳头状癌与滤泡源性良性病变比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;而各良性病变中其表达率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。半定量结果显示,在甲状腺乳头状癌及良性病变中,上述3种基因产物的mRNA丰度差异性显著（P〈0.01）。在甲状腺滤泡源性良恶性病变中RASSF1A与CK19表达呈负相关（γ=-0.3181,P=0.0013）;RASSF1A与p53表达呈正相关（γ=0.2364,P=0.0179）。结论 RASSF1A、CK19和p53表达产物可作为鉴别甲状腺乳头状癌与良性乳头状增生的重要参考标记物,联合测定效果更好。     

甲状腺乳头状癌与乳头状增生的免疫组化特征

目的 探讨甲状腺良恶性乳头状病变组织中细胞角质蛋白19(CK19)、半乳凝素-3(Gal-3)、HBME-1的表达及其鉴别诊断价值.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法检测CK19、Gal-3、HBME-1在46例甲状腺乳头状癌、30例结节性甲状腺肿伴乳头状增生、30例癌旁正常滤泡组织中的表达情况.结果 CK19、Gal-3、H...     

桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺微小癌临床病理分析

目的 探讨桥本甲状腺炎(HT)合并甲状腺微小癌(TMC)的临床病理特征.方法 回顾性分析17例HT合并TMC的临床病理资料,15例做细胞角蛋白19(CK19)免疫组化染色.结果 17例29个癌灶,均为甲状腺乳头状微小癌(TPMC)(直径0.2～1.0cm),与HT病变混合存在呈"播种状".HT病变与癌灶之间有上皮细胞过度增生-非典型增生-微小癌的移行过渡带.15例乳头状微小癌CK19均强阳性表达,部分病例非典型增生的滤泡上皮阳性表达强弱不一,HT中相对正常滤泡上皮阴性.结论 HT是1种具有恶变潜能的病变,与TMC发生关系密切.HT合并TMC临床诊断困难,仔细的标本检查是提高检出率的关键.     

CK19,S-100和EMA在鉴别甲状腺乳头状癌与乳头状增生中的作用

目的：评估检测CK19、S-100蛋白和EMA在诊断甲状腺乳头状癌、滤泡性癌及乳头状增生中的作用。方法：65例甲状腺病变组织分别用CK19、S-100、EMA进行免疫组化染色。结果：在乳头状增生中，CK19、S-100和EMA均不表达。CK19在乳头状癌包括滤泡型乳头状癌中100％表达，在滤泡性癌中有22％的表达。S-100和EMA在经典型乳头状癌分别为61％、100％；滤泡型乳头状癌38％、54％和滤泡性癌44％，11％。结论：CK19结合S-100和EMA检查在诊断甲状腺病变中是有用的辅助手段。CK19在区分甲状腺乳头状癌和乳头状增生中是一个很好的标志物。     

免疫组化在甲状腺乳头状病变诊断中的意义探讨

目的：探讨甲状腺良性乳头状增生性病变与甲状腺乳头状癌的关系。方法：对36例普通型甲状腺乳头状癌、11例微小乳头状癌、9例伴发于结节性甲状腺肿的乳头状增生性病变和7例Grave’s病伴滤泡上皮乳头状增生标本进行HBME-1和CD15免疫组化染色，并将染色结果与HE切片进行对比观察。结果：36例普通型甲状腺乳头状癌和11例微小乳头状癌均为HBME-1表达阳性；CD15在普通型甲状腺乳头状癌和微小癌中表达阳性率分别为38．9％和27．3％，HBME-1和CD15在普通型乳头状癌和微小癌中的表达无显著性差异。伴发于结节性甲状腺肿的良性乳头状增生性病变HBME-1表达阳性率为66．7％，阳性程度与乳头结构和细胞核特点密切相关：CD15表达均为阴性。Grave’s病伴乳头状增生性病变HBME-1和CD15表达均为阴性．结论：伴发于结节性甲状腺肿的乳头状病变在形态和免疫表型上与甲状腺乳头状癌有部分重叠，是一类介于良性增生和乳头状癌之间的性质未明、有组织学和免疫表型异质性的病变；结节性甲状腺肿病变内的网状瘢痕提示恶性可能。对这两种病变的认识有助于甲状腺疾病的正确诊断。     

CK19、HBME-1、34βE12在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨CK19、HBME-1、34βE12在甲状腺乳头状癌（PCT）中的表达及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法复习47例PCT、37例结节性甲状腺肿或滤泡性腺瘤伴良性乳头状增生及40例癌旁正常组织患者的资料,观察HE切片并运用免疫组织化学方法对CK19、HBME—1、34βE12进行分析。结果47例PCT均显示复杂的乳头状结构、纤维化,可见毛玻璃样核、核沟和核内包涵体,免疫组织化学PCT患者CK19的表达阳性率100．0％,HBME-1表达阳性率89.4％,34βE12表达阳性率42．6％。三者表达明显高于良性乳头状增生及癌旁正常组织（P〈0．01）。结论PCT好发于中年女性,诊断时应和形态相似的良性乳头状病变相鉴别。CK19、HBME-1、34βE12联合检测在鉴别诊断中更有意义。     

80例甲状腺乳头状癌细针穿刺细胞学

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌的细胞学特征.方法:对80例甲状腺乳头状癌细针穿刺涂片的观察分析,结果:甲状腺乳头状癌的细胞学特征有:涂片细胞量丰富,细胞边界清楚,可呈平铺或乳头状结构,细胞核呈毛玻璃样外观,可见核内包涵体及核纵沟,并可见多核巨细胞,砂粒体及胶质成份.结论:大多数甲状腺乳头状癌在细针穿刺细胞学上可作出明确的诊断,在术前对甲状腺结节的诊断及手术方式的选择上有重要的意义.在诊断上要注意与结节性甲状腺肿伴滤泡上皮乳头状增生相鉴别.     

Galectin-3对甲状腺乳头状癌早期病变的诊断意义

 目的 比较Galectin-3（Gal-3）在甲状腺乳头状癌及其早期病变和甲状腺良性病变中的表达差异，明确其临床意义。方法 采用免疫组化EnVision二步法检测329例甲状腺手术标本中Gal-3蛋白的表达情况。结果 Gal-3蛋白在甲状腺乳头状微癌及甲状腺乳头状非典型增生中的表达阳性率分别为83．3％、77．8％，显著高于结节性甲状腺肿（30．9％）、腺瘤（43．7％）及甲状腺炎（16．1％）。结论 甲状腺Gal-3表达在甲状腺乳头状微癌及非典型增生组织中显著高于甲状腺良性病变，Gal-3检测使甲状腺乳头状癌早期病变易于发现。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺乳头状微小癌20例临床病理分析

目的：总结结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺乳头状微小癌的临床病理特点,为提高病理诊断水平,防止漏诊、误诊提供依据。方法：回顾性分析结节性甲状腺肿合并甲状腺乳头状微小癌的临床病理资料。结果：双侧结节性甲状腺肿伴一侧乳头状微小癌（TMC）11例,左侧结节性甲状腺肿伴左侧TMC5例,右侧结节性甲状腺肿伴右侧TMC4例。肿块切面见不同质地的多发结节,灰棕色至灰白色,境界清楚。其中可见夹杂TMC的结节质地较硬,灰白、灰黄色,细颗粒状,边界不清,有不同程度纤维化。结论：典型的乳头状癌具有纤维血管轴心,被覆大而异型的细胞,排列紊乱,癌细胞核呈毛玻璃样,可见核沟,有时出现核内包涵体。乳头结构不明显时,但见到明显的间质纤维化,毛玻璃样核时要考虑到乳头状微小癌亚型的可能。     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.     

整合素在急性白血病中的研究进展

急性白血病是一种早期造血干/祖细咆的恶性克隆性疾病.微小残留病和耐药被认为是其复发和难治的根源.近来,越来越多的证据显示白血病细胞通过与骨髓微环境中的基质细胞或细胞外基质相互作用促进其存活,并增强其对常规化疗药物的耐药.整合素是介导细胞与细胞外基质（细胞与非细胞成分）粘连的最主要黏附分子,在细胞增殖、存活等生物学过程中发挥关键作用,但作用机制尚不完全清楚.现就目前揭示的整合素及肿瘤微环境在急性白血病发生、发展中的作用进行综述.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.