肩周恶性骨肿瘤保肢治疗的分析与探讨

目的分析探讨肩部周围恶性骨肿瘤保肢治疗方法和疗效。方法22例肩周部恶性骨肿瘤患者,其中肱骨上端15例,肩胛骨7例;软骨肉瘤9例,骨肉瘤10例,滑膜肉瘤3例。均行保肢治疗,化疗后行瘤段切除特制人工关节置换术15例,全肩胛骨切除、肱骨头悬吊术6例,肩胛骨部分切除术1例。术后定期辅助化疗。结果2例失访,20例平均随访40个月(3个月~6年)。1例复发;2例发生肺转移,其中1例死亡。根据Ennek ing肢体功能评价标准:优8例,良7例,可3例,差2例。结论对于肩部恶性骨肿瘤,在规范的辅助化疗下行合适的手术,可以达到彻底切除肿瘤并保存一定的肩部功能。     

Idiopathic Posterior Instability of the Shoulder Joint: Results of Operation with Posterior Bone Graft

Five cases of idiopathic posterior instability of the shoulder joint operatively treated mainly by insertion of a bone graft are reported. The late results are satisfactory.     

Glenoid revision is best treated with glenoid implants: Opposes

Glenoid component loosening is a common cause of failure for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. Revision options include reimplantation of an anatomic total shoulder, conversion to a reverse shoulder arthroplasty, or bone graft of the glenoid defect alone. In the presence of an intact rotator cuff with significant glenoid bone loss, the most predictable revision option is bone graft of the glenoid defect alone. Recent studies have demonstrated good clinical outcomes and a lower complication and re-revision rate with bone graft alone compared to attempted glenoid component reimplantation.     

Effect of stress-shielding-induced bone resorption on glenoid loosening in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Aseptic loosening of the glenoid component is one of the main reasons for the high revision rates of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). It has been reported that the bulky implant designs may lead to stress shielding. However, it is uncertain whether the shielding effect is severe enough to lead to bone resorption and glenoid loosening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of stress-shielding and assess whether bone resorption plays a role in aseptic glenoid loosening following RTSA. A cadaveric in vitro test model was used to validate a finite element model (FEM) of the scapula. The FEM of the scapula, incorporating adaptive bone remodeling algorithms, was used to predict changes in postoperative bone density after RTSA. Changes in bone strength after implantation were also analyzed. The strain values predicted from the FEM of the scapula were in agreement with the in vitro measurements. Analysis of postoperative bone adaptation revealed that strain-induced bone resorption began at the peg of the implant and around the resected bone surface and then gradually expended to the peripheral regions. The bone strength also reduced postoperatively and appeared particularly around the implant peg. Strain-induced bone resorption is a likely source of the bone loss commonly observed in RTSA. The finite element glenoid bone remodeling simulation may be used as a tool to evaluate glenoid implant design.     

Managing glenoid bone loss virtual surgery—A software solution

Inaccurate placement of glenoid prosthesis in shoulder arthroplasty can lead to early loosening, instability, and failure. To address difficult glenoid morphology, patient-specific instrumentation and navigation techniques have been developed. Advanced imaging data has demonstrated utility in preoperative decision making. Cadaveric studies have subsequently shown that the application of advancing imaging and navigation can lead towards increased accuracy with prosthesis placement. Clinical trials have also shown increased accuracy with navigation and advanced imaging, but data demonstrating improved long-term outcomes and decreased complication rates is not yet available. This technology continues to evolve as a method to address glenoid bone loss and abnormal morphology.     

Arthroscopically assisted Latarjet procedure: A new surgical approach for accurate coracoid graft placement and compression

The Latarjet procedure is a confirmed method for the treatment of shoulder instability in the presence of bone loss. It is a challenging procedure for which a key point is the correct placement of the coracoid graft onto the glenoid neck. We here present our technique for an athroscopically assisted Latarjet procedure with a new drill guide, permitting an accurate and reproducible positioning of the coracoid graft, with optimal compression of the graft onto the glenoid neck due to the perfect position of the screws: perpendicular to the graft and the glenoid neck and parallel between them.     

关节镜下Pushlock免结锚钉软式固定自体髂骨移植治疗复发性肩关节前向不稳伴严重骨缺损北大核心CSCD

目的探讨关节镜下Pushlock免结锚钉软式固定自体髂骨移植治疗复发性肩关节前向不稳伴严重骨缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2016年1月—2019年1月采用关节镜下Pushlock免结锚钉软式固定自体髂骨移植治疗的80例复发性肩关节前向不稳伴严重骨缺损患者临床资料。患者均为男性;手术时年龄18~45岁,平均25岁。病程3个月~5年,平均2年。肩关节脱位3~50次,平均8次。术前行肩关节X线片、MRI、CT扫描及三维重建,前方关节盂骨性缺损面积为25%~45%,平均27.3%。采用术前及末次随访时肩关节活动度(前屈上举和外展90°外旋)、肩关节Constant-Murley评分和肩关节Rowe评分进行肩关节功能评估。结果术后患者均获随访,随访时间1~3年,平均2年。随访期间均未发生肩关节再次脱位。术后移植物均发生部分吸收,1周及3个月CT示移植物吸收比例<30%。术后1年CT三维重建示所有移植物已愈合至关节盂,前方关节盂骨性缺损面积均≤5%(0~5%,平均3.2%)。末次随访时,患者肩关节前屈上举活动度、外展90°外旋活动度、ConstantMurley评分及Rowe评分均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患侧外展90°外旋活动度较健侧受限(6.7±5.1)°。结论关节镜下Pushlock免结锚钉软式固定自体髂骨移植治疗复发性肩关节前向不稳伴严重骨缺损效果良好,该方法相对简单,学习曲线短。     

Comparison of 2 versus 3 dimensional fracture mapping strategies for 3 dimensional computerized tomography reconstructions of scapula neck and body fractures

Fracture mapping has been used in the understanding of injury patterns in different bones. To our knowledge, there are no applications of this technique using three‐dimensional (3D) morphologic fracture characteristics. Previously, scapula fractures were mapped by transferring information from 3D computed tomography to a two‐dimensional (2D) template. Cole et al. determined that 3D Computerized Tomography (CT) scans were more reliable compared to plain radiographs in terms of scapular angulation, translation, and glenopolar angle measurements. Thus, we hypothesized that if there is a difference between fracture lines drawn in 3D and in 2D, then the 3D mapping would yield more accurate fracture patterns. We completed a retrospective, comparative study (evidence level III) utilizing CT imaging from a single center scapular registry. We studied ten patients with scapula fractures in whom bilateral CT scans were obtained. Fractures were mapped both two and three‐dimensionally, and we measured deviations between the fracture lines that were drawn with each approach. The measured deviations ranged from 10.4 mm to 28.0 mm when comparing 2D versus 3D techniques, with the mean deviation being 4.0 mm and 10.4 mm, respectively. Half of the 2D renderings possessed hidden fracture lines that were later revealed on 3D imaging. Three‐dimensional renderings were more accurate when compared to 2D fracture mapping methods. This more accurate technique will allow for better understanding of 3D morphology and provide a basis for future fracture mapping in any bone. Accurate mapping is important because surgical approach, reduction, fixation, and implant design and selection are based on fracture patterns. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:265–271, 2018.