胆囊癌组织中NDPK／nm23的表达及意义

作者用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法对４１例胆囊癌标本核苷二磷酸激酶（ＮＤＰＫ，下同）／ｎｍ２３表达进行了测定，结果发现：ｎｍ２３在恶性肿瘤中的表达率明显高于良性病变（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３表达与胆囊癌组织的分化、局部浸润及淋巴转移密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３阳性患者生存中位数１２．２５个月，阴性患者６．５个月，两者存在显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示ｎｍ２３检测对预后有重要价值。     

青年期大肠癌nm23／NDPK蛋白的表达及意义（附30例报告）

目的：探讨青年期大肠癌中肿瘤转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３／ＮＤＰＫ蛋白的表达情况及其生物学特性的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ方法检测３０例青年期大肠癌癌组织中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因产物／核苷二磷酸激酶（ｎｍ２３／ＮＤＰＫ）的表达,结果：青年期大肠癌ｎｍ２３／ＮＤＰＫ表达阳性率６３．３３％,在组织分化低、原发灶浸润程度（Ｔ３、Ｔ４）、淋巴结及远处转移,ＤｕｋｅｓＣ、Ｄ期和血清ＣＥＡ阳性的大肠癌中表达明显减     

nm23基因在前列腺癌中的表达与癌转移的关系

应用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组织化学染色方法，研究转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３表达产物二磷酸核苷激酶（ＮＤＰＫ）在前列腺癌中的表达及其意义。结果表明，ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３在前列腺癌中有较高的表达，阳性率为５００％（２０／４０）。无前列腺癌转移者其阳性率为６６７％（１２／１８），有前列腺癌转移者其阳性率为３６４％（８／２２），两者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５），并与前列腺癌分化程度和临床分期有显著相关。因此，ｎｍ２３基因可能在前列腺癌形成及转移过程中起不同的调节作用，其表达程度与前列腺癌转移呈负相关，有可能成为评价前列腺癌病人预后的一项新指标。     

nm23-H1/NDPK在原发性胆囊癌中的表达及其意义

ｎｍ２３Ｈ１／ＮＤＰＫ的表达与人类多种恶性肿瘤转移潜能呈负相关，本组采用免疫组化ＳＰ法研究ｎｍ２３Ｈ１／ＮＤＰＫ在原发性胆囊癌中的表达及其意义。１．材料与方法：收集原发性胆囊癌４３例，胆囊腺瘤１０例、慢性胆囊炎４５例组织标本，均经１０％甲醛固定，...     

NDPK／nm23在胆囊,胆管癌中的表达及临床意义

为探讨核苷二磷酸激酶／ｎｍ２３（ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３）在胆囊、胆管癌中的表达及临床意义，用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法对４１例胆囊癌、１２例胆管癌ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３表达进行了测定。结果发现：ｎｍ２３在恶性肿瘤中的表达率明显高于良性病变（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３表达与胆囊及胆管癌组织的分化、局部浸润及淋巴转移密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），提示：ｎｍ２３检测对正确估计肿瘤的侵袭性、淋巴转移潜能及预后有重要价值。     

nm23—H1基因在肾母细胞瘤中表达的意义

为探讨ｎｍ２３Ｈ１在肾母细胞瘤中的表达变化及临床意义，采用免疫组织化学方法对５６例肾母细胞瘤标本中的ｎｍ２３Ｈ１基因表达情况进行检测。结果：ｎｍ２３Ｈ１低表达率为５５．４％，按ＮＷＴＳⅢ分期，Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肾母细胞瘤ｎｍ２３Ｈ１低表达率８２．３％，显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期４３．６％，Ｐ＜０．０５；有转移肿瘤ｎｍ２３Ｈ１低表达率８７．５％，显著高于无转移肿瘤的４２．５％，Ｐ＜０．０１。表明ｎｍ２３Ｈ１低表达在肾母细胞瘤的演进和转移中起重要作用。     

脑转移瘤中mtp53,二磷酸核苷激酶／nm23—H1的表达和临床 …

目的 探讨突变体ｐ５３蛋白（ｍｔｐ５３）和二磷酸核苷激酶（ＮＤＰＫ）／ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１在脑转移瘤中的表达和预后关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学卵白素－生物素复合物（ＡＢＣ）法检测ｍｔｐ５３和ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１在３１例脑转移瘤中的表达。结果３１例中１９例（６１．３％）ｍｔｐ５３、４例（１２．９％）ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达阳性细胞。ｍｔｐ５３与ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达呈负相关。ｍｔｐ５３阳性     

胆道癌NDPK/nm23的表达及意义

目的　研究转移抑制基因ＮＤＰＫ／ｎｍ２３ 在胆道良恶性病变中的表达及与转移性的关系。方法　４３ 例胆囊腺癌,２０ 例胆管癌,８ 例胆囊腺瘤和５ 例胆囊炎的石蜡包埋组织切片,经免疫胶体金方法（ＩＧＳＳ）染色,并在显微镜下计数阳性细胞。结果　胆囊腺癌中ＮＤＰＫ 在转移性及非转移性肿瘤中的表达率分别为２３．５％ （４／１７） ,和３４．６％（９／２６） ,两者间无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５）,而胆管癌中分别为１４．３％（１／７）和４６．１％ （６／１３）,两者间有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。ＮＤＰＫ在良恶性病变中的表达无显著性差异,并与肿瘤的病理分级无关。结论　ｎｍ２３ 基因可能在胆囊腺癌和胆管癌的转移过程中起不同的调节作用,其表达程度与胆管癌的转移呈负相关而与胆囊腺癌的转移无关。     

转移抑制基因nm23—H1在人非小细胞肺癌中的表达研究

目的探讨ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因表达产物的表达水平与肺癌发生、发展和转移的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学法研究人非小细胞肺癌细胞中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因表达产物的表达水平。结果ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１在肺癌组织中的表达水平（５４．０３％）明显低于癌旁正常肺组织（７３．４８％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。有淋巴结转移的原发癌ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１表达水平明显低于无淋巴结转移的原发癌（Ｐ＜０．０１）；转移癌组织表达水平明显低于原发癌组织（Ｐ＜０．０１）；低分化肺癌明显低于中－高分化肺癌（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因可能参与肺癌的发生、发展和转移过程的调控，ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因表达水平降低，预示肺癌的转移和预后不良。     

nm23基因表达与乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨ｎｍ２３基因在原发性乳腺癌组织中的表达规律,及其与淋巴结转移等预后因素之间的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法（ＳＰ法）对１０７例原发性乳腺癌组织进行ｎｍ２３蛋白表达研究。结果ｎｍ２３基因在原发性乳腺癌的表达阳性率为５０５％,在有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌中阳性率为３１％,无淋巴结转移的乳腺癌中阳性率为７３５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ｎｍ２３基因表达与淋巴结转移呈负相关,而与乳腺癌组织学分类、肿瘤大小无相关性。检测乳腺癌组织中ｎｍ２３的表达是评估预后有价值的生物学指标。     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.