Laparoscopic and open gastric resections for malignant lesions: A prospective comparative study

Background Whereas laparoscopy for benign diseases provides clear advantages over traditional surgery, the benefits of laparoscopic gastric resection for malignant diseases are less clear. The objectives of this study were to compare prospectively the clinical outcomes between completely laparoscopic and open total and partial gastrectomies for malignant diseases and to assess whether laparoscopic gastrectomies obtain adequate margins and follow oncologic principles.Methods Between April 1995 and March 2004, a prospective comparative study was performed comparing eight patients who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy with 11 patients who underwent open total gastrectomy, and 16 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial gastrectomy with 17 who patients underwent open partial gastrectomy. Stage, extent of lymphadenectomy, and long-term follow-up were examined. The intraoperative and postoperative details of the two groups were compared.Results The laparoscopic group patients had fewer intraoperative complications while the operative time was similar to that of the open group. Both ambulation and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the laparoscopic groups than in the open groups. The short-term morbidity was lower in the laparoscopic groups and there were no cases of death, whereas one case of postoperative death occurred after an open total gastrectomy. There was no need to convert to open surgery. The number of lymph nodes obtained in the laparoscopic and open procedures was not significantly different. In addition, all resected margins were tumor free in the laparoscopic group, whereas tumor involvement was presented in the margin of one specimen in the open group.Conclusions The totally laparoscopic approach to total and partial gastrectomies had good results and was proven to be a feasible and safe procedure. In addition, the laparoscopic procedures are superior to open surgeries in terms of faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, and better cosmetic outcomes. A totally laparoscopic approach for early and advanced gastric cancer can obtain adequate margins and follow oncologic principles.     

Laparoscopic treatment of gastric tumors

PURPOSE: To assess the use of different laparoscopic approaches in the management of gastric tumors based on tumor type and location. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2002 and June 2005, 23 consecutive patients with gastric lesions were treated with laparoscopy procedures. Six patients presented with stromal tumors, 5 with benign lesions, and 12 with resectable gastric cancers. RESULTS: The patients were 13 men and 10 women, mean age 66.2 +/- 11.1 years (range, 29-84 years). Five laparoscopic gastric wedge resections, 6 intragastric submucosal resections, and 12 gastrectomies (10 subtotal and 2 total) were performed. Mean operative time was 49.1 +/- 18.8 minutes (range, 30-85 minutes) in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 64.1 +/- 19.2 minutes (range, 45-90 minutes) in benign tumors. Gastrectomy required an average of 197.6 +/- 36.9 minutes (range, 130-260 minutes). The mean times were 142.5 +/- 9.6 minutes in the subtotal gastrectomy group with extracorporeal anastomosis and 190.8 +/- 20.1 minutes when the anastomosis was totally laparoscopic (P < 0.002). All procedures were completed laparoscopically and there were no intraoperative complications. There were four postoperative complications: one wall hematoma secondary to the introduction of a trocar, one prolonged ileus, one intra-abdominal abscess, and one esophagojejunal leakage. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients were discharged after a mean 5.8 +/- 1.3 days; patients with benign pathology after 5.2 +/- 0.9 days, and gastric cancer patients after 10.7 +/- 7.3 days (range, 6-28 days). The mean number of dissected lymph nodes in gastric cancer was 21.3 (range, 16-31). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic treatment of gastric lesions is technically feasible and safe. Compared to conventional surgery, it offers the advantages of low invasiveness and improved quality of life.     

Laparoscopic gastric resection for benign and malignant conditions: lessons learned from 35 consecutive cases

INTRODUCTION: Despite significant advances in laparoscopy, gastric surgery is still generally carried out by conventional open techniques. The aim of the study was to report the short- and medium-term outcomes of gastric surgery when carried out laparoscopically for a variety of benign and malignant conditions. METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out for all patients who underwent a laparoscopic gastric resection between January 2000 and September 2006. Follow up was carried out at the private consulting rooms and by telephone interview. RESULTS: Thirty-five consecutive laparoscopic gastric resection were carried out in 31 patients for a variety of benign lesions, six early gastric cancer and 13 adenocarcinomas. The totally intracorporeal laparoscopic procedures included four total, eight distal and 21 partial gastrectomies. There were two open conversions (6%). There was one in-hospital mortality (3%) and one non-fatal anastomotic leak. Median operative duration and length of stay were 75, 205 and 252 min and 5, 6.5 and 8 days for laparoscopic partial, distal and total gastrectomy, respectively. After malignant resections, there were six recurrences; however, 15 patients remained disease-free at up to 60 months follow up. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic gastric resection is feasible with good short- and medium-term results and may be an appropriate treatment option in selected cases.     

Laparoscopic vs open resection of gastric stromal tumors

Background: Gastric stromal tumors are rare neoplasms that may be benign or malignant. Given that malignant gastric stromal tumors rarely involve lymph nodes and require excision with negative margins, they appear amendable to laparoscopic excision. There are few reports of laparoscopic resection, and no comparisons have been done between laparoscopic and open surgery. This study compares the relative efficacy of the two approaches. Methods: Between May 1994 and December 2000, 33 patients underwent 35 operations for gastric stromal tumors. Laparoscopic resections were performed in 21 patients; open resections were done in 12 patients. The medical records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively with regard to operating time, blood loss, length of stay, and clinical course. Results: Patient demographics, tumor characteristics (mean tumor size, benign vs malignant), and presenting symptoms were similar for both groups. In the laparoscopic group, 15 wedge resections; three partial gastrectomies, and three transgastric needlescopic enucleations were performed. In the open group, six vedge resections, four antrectomies, and two partial proximal gastrectomies were performed. There were no significant differences in mean operative time (169 vs 160 min), mean estimated blood loss (106 vs 129 cc), or perioperative complication rate (9.5% vs 8.3%) between the laparoscopic and open groups, respectively. The mean length of stay was significantly less (p<0.05) in the laparoscopic group (3.8 vs 6.2 days). Average follow-up was 1.5 years. One patient in each group has died due to metastastic disease. There have been no trocar site recurrences. Conclusions: Laparoscopic resection of gastric stromal tumors is safe and appropriate. Tumor size, operating time, and estimated blood loss were equivalent to the open approach, and there was a statistically shorter hospital stay in the laparoscopic group.     

腹腔镜下胃癌全胃切除术79例的体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜下胃癌行全胃切除术的可行性及效果.方法 对2004年6月至2006年12月共行腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术79例,其中行D1及D1+淋巴结清扫12例,D2/D2+淋巴结清扫67例.肿瘤位于胃近端者19例,位于胃体者41例,皮革胃2例,位于胃窦并浸润至胃小弯中上部者17例进行分析.结果 79例中77例成功进行腹腔镜手术,2例中转开腹,中转率为2.5%.平均手术时间(275.8±20.8) min,平均出血量(163.3±48.6) ml,平均每例清扫淋巴结(34.7±12.2) 枚,肿瘤近残端(3.8±1.2) cm,远残端(6.9±2.8) cm.术后肛门排气时间(3.6±0.9) d,下床活动时间(2.5±0.4) d.无术后死亡,无吻合口漏,术后发生并发症7例均经内科治疗痊愈.术后随访9～39个月,平均25.6个月,15例患者因肿瘤复发死亡,余64例仍生存.结论 腹腔镜下全胃切除联合胃癌标准根治术是安全可行的,能达到开腹手术的淋巴结清扫范围,且具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、并发症率低等优点.     

Comparison of laparoscopic and open gastrectomy for malignant disease

This study compares the outcome of a series of totally laparoscopic cases with that of matched open controls for the treatment of malignant gastric disease. Laparoscopic techniques can follow oncologic principles and obtain adequate margins. Short-term follow-up evaluation shows no difference in survival rates between the two approaches. BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined a totally laparoscopic approach to gastrectomy for malignancy. This is the first study to compare the outcome of a series of totally laparoscopic cases with matched open surgeries for gastric cancer. METHODS: A retrospective case-matched study was performed comparing open and laparoscopic partial gastrectomies for cancer. A total of 25 cases (12 laparoscopic and 13 open) were matched for age and indication for surgery. Stage, extent of lymphadenectomy, and survival at 18 months were examined. The intraoperative and postoperative details were compared. RESULTS: The stages ranged from I to IV, with no statistical difference between the two groups. All resected margins in the laparoscopic group were free of tumor. The extent of lymphadenectomy did not differ. Follow-up assessment at 18 months showed no difference in survival. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic gastrectomy for malignancy is a viable alternative to open surgery. Laparoscopic techniques can obtain adequate margins and follow oncologic principles. Short-term follow-up evaluation shows no difference in survival rates between the two approaches.     

腹腔镜胃手术的临床应用

目的 探讨经腹腕镜胃手术的临床价值。方法 １９９２年１２月至１９９９年１月应用腹腔镜技术治疗胃疾病患者６１例。年龄２９．０￣７８．０岁,平均５７．４岁。其中Ｂ－Ⅱ式胃大部切除术１７例,Ｂ－Ⅰ式胃大部切除术１例,近端胃次全切除术２例,高选择性迷走神经切除术５例,胃造瘘术３例,胃壁良性肿瘤切除术３３例。５４例手术完全在腹腔镜下进行在腹腔镜下进行（８８．５％）,７例行腹腔镜辅助下胃手术（１１．５％）。结     

完全腹腔镜肝切除时出血问题的探讨

目的　探讨腹腔镜肝切除手术的出血原因和预防措施。　方法　 2 1例中包括原发性肝癌 13例、肝血管瘤 3例、肝脓肿 2例、肝囊肿伴感染、局灶结节性增生、肝脏腺瘤各 1例。肝功能Child分级 :A级 16例 ,B级 5例 (均为肝癌病人 )。　结果　 2 1例在全气腹条件下完成腹腔镜肝切除手术 ,包括肝局部切除 12例 ,左肝解剖性切除 9例。手术时间 80～ 32 0 (平均 193 8± 78 3)min ,出血量 10 0～ 10 0 0ml (平均 333 1± 2 91 4 )ml,有 2例出血 10 0 0ml,术中输血各 80 0ml。术后恢复顺利 ,术后平均住院时间 6 3± 1 5d ,术后恢复时间较常规开腹方法肝切除患者明显缩短。　结论　本组研究表明在现有的手术器械条件和不阻断肝门血流的情况下 ,可以安全方便地处理术中出血。腹腔镜肝切除微创手术的前景广阔 ,不仅适于对肝良性肿瘤的手术 ,也为肝脏恶性肿瘤患者提供了切除肿瘤的新途径     

基层医院开展腹腔镜胃手术的临床体会

目的：探讨基层医院应用腹腔镜治疗早期胃癌及胃良性疾病的手术方法,评估其临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析2005年6月至2009年6月为39例胃疾病患者行腹腔镜胃手术的临床资料。21例行胃大部切除术,17例行胃壁良性肿瘤切除术,1例行胃癌根治术。结果：38例成功完成腹腔镜手术,1例中转开腹。手术时间65~320min,平均（170.2±62.5）min;术中出血50~850ml,平均（325.3±107.6）ml;住院5~12d,平均（7.2±1.8）d。术后2例发生并发症,无手术死亡病例。术后随访1~3年,4例早期胃癌患者存活至今。结论：腹腔镜手术患者创伤小,痛苦轻,康复快,住院时间短。只要术前仔细检查,把握手术适应证,术中认真操作,基层医院行腹腔镜手术治疗早期胃癌及良性胃疾病安全可行。     

Laparoscopic gastric resections

The impressive breakthrough in laparoscopic surgery has pushed surgeons to perform gastric resection through such an approach. Laparoscopy reduces the surgical stress and the postoperative pain and has a positive impact on the rehabilitation time, the hospital stay, and return to work and social activities. Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy for benign diseases and for palliation has been accepted as an effective surgical option: they are reproducible operations performed worldwide at a more and more rapid pace. Laparoscopic gastric resections and laparoscopically assisted gastric resections for malignancy deserve a word of caution. Nevertheless, the investigators report their series of laparoscopic subtotal and distal gastrectomies for cancer with medium and long-term results comparable with those of open surgery. Furthermore, new and less invasive surgical options have been recently introduced. Full and partial thickness local resections may be accomplished through intragastric procedures, for treatment of small benign tumors and early stage gastric cancer.     

Laparoscopic left pancreas resection in tumors. Initial clinical experiences]

Laparoscopic pancreatic resections are rare procedures with left resections considered as a special subject. In animal trials and in 26 operations performed so far, this laparoscopic procedure was assessed positively. The operations were carried out mainly for benign diseases. From November 1998 to July 2000, five laparoscopic left pancreatic resections were performed in our hospital for the following diseases: adenocarcinoma (2), neuroendocrine carcinoma, highly malignant T-cell lymphoma, and cyst adenoma. In 3 patients the pancreatic resection was completed by other procedures: the case of T-cell lymphoma by gastrectomy and left side hemihepatectomy, the case of advanced pancreatic carcinoma by resection of a liver metastasis, and the case of cyst adenoma by a partial adrenalectomy. There was no patient suffering from intra- or postoperative complications. The benefit is mainly noticed in the early postoperative period. All required oncosurgical criterias were fulfilled.     

Laparoscopic Intraluminal Surgery for Gastrointestinal Malignancies

INTRODUCTION: Intraluminal surgery began with the advent of endoscopy. Endoscopic endoluminal surgery has limitations; and its failure results in conventional open or laparoscopic interventions with increased morbidity. Laparoscopy-assisted intraluminal surgery is a novel alternative to open or laparoscopic surgery for a failed endoscopic endoluminal technique, minimizing the associated complications. Endoscopic resection of early gastric and duodenal cancers is restricted by the limited view of the endoscope, insufficient number of instrument channels, and inability to have adequate margins of resection without risking perforation. These cancers potentially can be treated by laparoscopy-assisted intraluminal surgery without resorting to major gastric or duodenal resection. This procedure is relatively easy to perform and oncologically effective. We present the experience of the Texas Endosurgery Institute (TEI) in treating early gastric and duodenal cancers, including large malignant polyps and carcinoid tumors, with laparoscopy-assisted endoluminal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data for all patients with early gastric and duodenal cancers who underwent laparoscopy-assisted endoluminal surgery at TEI between 1996 and 2007 were prospectively recorded. All of the patients had been referred by the endoscopist as noncandidates for endoscopic resection. We prospectively collected data on preoperative diagnosis, operating time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, histopathology, and recurrence rate. All patients underwent endoluminal port placement under direct visualization after a pneumoperitoneum was established. Operations were performed in conjunction with upper endoscopy for assistance with port placement under endoluminal visualization, insufflation, and specimen retrieval. After the intraluminal portion of the operation was completed, the endoluminal port sites were closed with laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2007, a total of 12 patients underwent laparoscopic endoluminal surgery. All cases were completed successfully, including 5 resections of early gastric cancer (stage I), 3 wedge resections of carcinoid tumor, 2 resections of duodenal adenocarcinoma, and 2 resections of a malignant polyp at the gastroesophagic junction; all the cases were completed with disease-free margins. No recurrence of the original pathology have been reported, and the complications were minimal. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic intraluminal surgery for early gastric and duodenal cancer is a feasible alternative to open conventional therapies; and it is associated with a lower incidence of incisional hernia formation and a lower infection rate.     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃和小肠间质瘤

目的评价腹腔镜手术在治疗胃和小肠间质瘤中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2003年12月至2006年7月间腹腔镜手术治疗33例胃和小肠间质瘤的临床资料。包括腹腔镜手术方式、手术时间、术中失血、切口长度、术后排气时间、术后住院天数、手术并发症、术后病理和随访情况。结果33例胃和小肠间质瘤均成功地接受了腹腔镜手术治疗,其中8例实施腹腔镜锲型胃局部切除;8例实施腹腔镜经胃腔肿瘤外翻切除术;17例实施腹腔镜辅助下部小肠肠段切除。手术时间(73.1±27.0)min,术中失血(19.8±14.0)ml,手术切口长度(3.3±1.1)cm,术后恢复排气时间(2.2±1.0)d,术后住院天数(8.1±2.0)d。3例患者(9.1%)术后分别出现小肠吻合口和胃腔内渗血,经非手术治疗后痊愈。所有患者随访2-33个月未发现肿瘤复发。结论腹腔镜手术治疗胃和小肠间质瘤是可行、安全的,而且具有创伤小、恢复快的优点。     

腹腔镜辅助下胃癌根治术 71例临床报告

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下胃癌根治术的安全性及可行性.方法 71例胃癌患者行腹腔镜辅助下根治性胃切除术,其中根治性全胃切除术 8例,近端胃大部切除术 16例,近端胃大部联合脾脏切除术 3例,远端胃大部切除术 44例.结果 71例患者,除 2例中转开腹外,其余 69例均成功进行腹腔镜手术.手术用时全胃切除 (343± 52)min,近端胃切除 (268± 62) min,近端胃切除联合脾脏切除 (312± 64) min,远端胃切除 (283± 44)min.术中出血量全胃切除 (267± 220)ml,近端胃切除 (150± 103)ml,近端胃联合脾脏切除 (333± 116)ml,远端胃切除 (139± 84)ml.清扫淋巴结 (34.3± 11.8)枚 /例.术后患者平均胃肠功能恢复时间 (4.1± 1.1)d,下床活动时间 (3.5± 1.0)d,进流质时间 (5.0± 1.2)d.术后近期效果良好.结论 腹腔镜胃癌根治术安全、可行,能够达到与开腹手术相当的根治效果,且具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点.     

完全腹腔镜下全胃切除术治疗胃上部癌的安全可行性及近期疗效

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜下行全胃切除术的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年5月—2014年9月收治的66例行腹腔镜全胃切除术的胃上部癌患者临床资料,16例行全腔镜下根治性全胃切除术(全腹腔镜组),50例行腹腔镜辅助下根治性全胃切除术(腹腔镜辅助组),比较两组患者术前资料、术中指标、术后情况。结果:两组患者术前资料具有可比性。与腹腔镜辅助组比较,全腹腔镜组手术时间延长、住院费用增高(均P0.05),但在手术切口长度、术后疼痛、术后恢复时间、住院时间、术后并发症发生率方面明显优于前者(均P0.05);两组在术中出血、两端切缘距离、淋巴结清扫数目等无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:全腹腔镜下行全胃切除术安全可行,可作为胃癌外科治疗的一种术式及未来微创理念发展的方向。     

腹腔镜胃十二指肠穿孔修补术55例总结

目的 :总结腹腔镜下胃、十二指肠穿孔修补术的经验。方法 :对 5 5例胃、十二指肠穿孔患者施行腹腔镜修补术。结果 :5 0例十二指肠穿孔 ,行腹腔镜穿孔修补术 ;5例胃穿孔 ,中转开腹行胃大部切除术 ;平均住院 8 5d ,无术中及术后并发症。胃切除病理 :胃溃疡穿孔 4例 ,胃癌穿孔 1例。结论 :腹腔镜十二指肠穿孔修补术具有安全、可靠 ,患者康复快和痛苦小等特点 ;而胃穿孔由于有胃溃疡恶变或原发胃癌的可能 ,故是否行穿孔修补术应该慎重 ,年轻患者可行修补术 ,术后随访 ;对 4 0岁以上的患者 ,最好行胃大部切除术     

Laparoscopic resection of the left pancreas: technique and indication

Laparoscopic pancreatic resections are rare procedures. A particular position is held by the left resection. In animal trials and 37 operations performed to date, this laparoscopic procedure has been positively assessed. The diseases operated upon were nearly exclusively benign. From November 1998 to July 2001, we performed 5 laparoscopic distal pancreatic resections at our hospital. The indications were: 2 adenocarcinomas; 1 neuroendocrine carcinoma; 1 high malignant T-cell lymphoma, and 1 cystadenoma. Additional procedures in 3 patients were: gastrectomy and resection of the left liver in the case with T-cell lymphoma; resection of a distant metastasis in the liver in the case with advanced pancreatic carcinoma, and a partial adrenalectomy in the case with cystadenoma. We did not note any intra- or postoperative complications in our patients. First of all, benefit is to be found in the early postoperative course. All oncosurgical criteria could be fulfilled.     

Laparoscopic resection for benign tumors of the stomach.

BACKGROUND: Of all gastric tumors, less than 5% are benign. The traditional treatment of symptomatic and some asymptomatic benign tumors has ranged from mucosal resection to limited gastrectomy. Since the advent of laparoscopy, many different laparoscopic approaches to resection of benign gastric tumors have now been described in the literature. METHODS: We reviewed our experience with laparoscopic approaches to surgical resection of 7 benign gastric tumors. The tumor locations were the body (posterior wall), 3 cases; body (anterior wall), 1 case; lesser curvature, 1 case; fundus, 1 case, and antrum, 1 case. Laparoscopic wedge resection was done in 6 cases. The seventh patient underwent a Billroth I procedure because he had leiomyoma at the antrum. There was no conversion to laparotomy. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 105+/-15 minutes, and mean blood loss was 50+/-15 mL. The mean length of hospital stay was 5 days. There were no complications or mortalities. Tumor size ranged from 2 cm to 6 cm in the greatest diameter. There has been no tumor recurrence with a mean follow-up of 26 months. DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic approach is slowly carving a niche for itself in the treatment of benign tumors of the stomach. The basic principles are obtaining a precise preoperative pathological diagnosis; accurate tumor localization; achievement of tumor-free margins; avoidance of spillage of stomach contents, careful dissection of tumors in the esophagogastric junction, and preventing tumor seeding. CONCLUSION: Based on ours and other studies, laparoscopic resection of benign gastric tumors is safe and feasible.     

Endoscopy-assisted gastric resection: a safe and reliable procedure for tumor clearance during laparoscopic high distal or proximal gastrectomy

Background  Preoperative endoscopic tattooing or clipping is generally used to delineate the tumor-free margin in surgery for early gastric cancer. However, it is sometimes difficult to identify the line of resection during laparoscopic gastrectomy. Methods  Between June 2003 and February 2008, we performed a total of 12 endoscopy-assisted gastric resections during laparoscopic gastrectomy for cancer, including four cases of high distal gastrectomy and eight cases of proximal gastrectomy. In the laparoscopic high distal gastrectomy cases, a surgeon performed transduodenal endoscopy to identify the clips before gastric resection. For totally laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy, an endoscopist performed transoral endoscopy to identify the clips placed in the distal margin of the lesion and to facilitate intracorporeal anastomosis. Results  In all cases, we were able to observe clips as well as the primary lesion. Gastric resection was successfully performed with no positive margin. In the high distal gastrectomy group (n = 4), proximal and distal margins were 19.5 ± 2.1 (range, 10–35) mm and 1,185 ± 190.9 (range, 850–1,320) mm, respectively. In the proximal gastrectomy group (n = 8), proximal and distal margins were 21.3 ± 7.1 (range, 5–38) mm and 47.5 ± 3.5 (range, 15–75) mm, respectively. The intracorporeal side-to-side anastomosis during proximal gastrectomy was successfully performed using an endolinear stapler. Conclusions  Endoscopy-assisted gastric resection is a safe and reliable procedure for tumor clearance during laparoscopic high distal or proximal gastrectomy.     

腹腔镜胃部分切除术15例的体会

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胃大部切除术的方法及优缺点。方法 :为 15例患者行腹腔镜胃部分切除术。结果 :15例均成功完成手术 ,行B -Ⅱ式胃大部分切除术 12例 ,其中 1例术中切断胃体时因切割器故障中转开腹 ;胃局部楔形切除 1例 ;胃恶性肿瘤根治切除 2例。手术时间 2 10 5min(14 0～ 2 80min)术中平均出血10 0ml。无并发症发生 ,术后 7 8(5～ 10d)出院。胃恶性肿瘤术后随访 1～ 12月 ,无复发转移。结论 :腹腔镜胃切除术患者安全 ,创伤小 ,恢复快