直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠固定术治疗成人完全型直肠脱垂

目的 探讨成人完全型直肠脱垂采用直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠固定术的手术疗效.方法 2006-2011年,收治的6例成人完全型直肠脱垂患者,采用直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠固定术进行手术治疗.结果 6例患者全部治愈,术后平均住院时间为13.7 d,随访3～61个月,无复发病例.结论 直肠乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠固定术治...     

腹腔镜辅助直肠及乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗完全性直肠脱垂

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助直肠及乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗完全性直肠脱垂的临床效果。方法:回顾分析2012年1月至2014年1月为23例完全直肠脱垂患者行腹腔镜辅助直肠、乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术的临床资料。结果:手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹。手术时间105~165 min,平均(132.6±14.2)min;术中出血量20~50 ml,平均(34.5±12.4)ml。术后2例发生尿潴留,余均恢复顺利,无吻合口漏、肠梗阻等严重并发症发生。术后24 h疼痛评分2~5分,平均(3.32±0.85)分;排气时间1~4 d,平均(2.43±0.90)d;住院6~10 d,平均(7.8±2.45)d。术后肛管直肠测压肛门内外括约肌静息状态及力排状态下压力均明显降低。随访12~36个月,无一例复发,患者排便功能良好,无尿潴留、性功能障碍等并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜辅助直肠、乙状结肠部分切除联合直肠悬吊固定术治疗完全性直肠脱垂安全、有效,具有患者创伤小、康复快、外观好等优点,可明显改善患者的临床症状,值得临床推广应用。     

经腹改良直肠前切除治疗直肠脱垂11例报告

目的 探讨经腹改良直肠前切除治疗成人完全型直肠脱垂的临床疗效.方法 对我科2005～2010年收治的11例成人完全型直肠脱垂采用经腹改良直肠前切除、悬吊固定术治疗的临床资料作回顾性分析.结果 11例患者全部治愈,术后平均住院时间8d.随访8～48个月无复发.结论 经腹改良直肠前切除、直肠悬吊手术治疗成人完全型直肠脱垂疗效比较满意.该手术方式可以治疗直肠本身以及乙状结肠病变,而且可以纠正肠外因素,降低手术并发症.     

腹腔镜直肠悬吊术在完全性直肠脱垂中的个体化应用及体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗完全性直肠脱垂的术式选择及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2015年6月至2019年12月为16例完全性直肠脱垂患者行腹腔镜直肠悬吊术及联合其他术式治疗的临床资料,其中5例单纯行腹腔镜直肠悬吊术,6例行腹腔镜直肠悬吊+冗长结肠切除术,3例行腹腔镜直肠悬吊+吻合器痔上黏膜环切术,2例行腹腔镜直肠悬吊+冗长结肠切除+肛门环缩术。结果:16例手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹,术后患者恢复顺利,无并发症发生,术后2～3 d肛门排气,住院6～12 d,平均(8.0±1.8)d。术后随访8～60个月,均未见复发,16例患者术后排便情况良好,生活质量改善。结论:以腹腔镜直肠悬吊术为基础的个体化方案治疗完全性直肠脱垂是安全、可行的,临床疗效满意,值得推广。     

经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术在成人完全性直肠脱垂治疗中的应用

目的 探讨经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂的疗效.方法 对11例接受经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗的成人完全性直肠脱垂（Ⅱ～Ⅲ度）患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组11例患者手术顺利,手术时间1.8～2.6 h.术中出血50～300 ml.术后除1例患者出现尿潴留外,其余均未出现并发症.全组患者均一期愈合,平均住院时间14.5 d.术后经1～3年的随访,未出现直肠再次脱垂,肛门功能恢复良好,排粪通畅.结论 经腹直肠补片悬吊固定术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂操作简便、并发症少、复发率低,是一种安全有效的方法.     

腹腔镜辅助下盆底腹膜带直肠悬吊术治疗儿童完全性直肠脱垂

目的探讨腹腔镜腹膜带直肠悬吊术治疗儿童完全性直肠脱垂的可行性及临床效果。方法2004年8月～2008年10月,对6例完全性直肠脱垂（年龄2～6岁,平均3.5岁）,在腹腔镜下利用直肠周围盆腔增厚松弛的腹膜,切取成两条＂L＂形带蒂腹膜条,折叠缝合固定于游离的直肠两侧壁,然后缝合在骶骨岬前的筋膜上悬吊直肠,最后将盆腔腹膜切缘缝合于直肠前壁包埋腹膜带并紧缩盆底。结果6例手术均获成功。手术时间95～210min,（120±24）min。术中出血〈10ml。术后随访6～54个月,平均28个月,均无脱垂复发,排便功能正常。结论腹腔镜下腹膜带直肠悬吊术治疗儿童完全性直肠脱垂效果良好,具有创伤小、恢复快、复发率低等优点,是一种具有较高临床应用价值的新术式。     

腹腔镜经腹前大肠部分切除加直肠悬吊固定治疗成人直肠全脱垂

目的探讨腹腔镜经腹前大肠部分切除加直肠悬吊固定治疗成人直肠全脱垂的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年2月~2016年4月我科采用腹腔镜经腹前大肠部分切除加直肠悬吊固定,选择性加行肛门外括约肌折叠治疗成人直肠全脱垂11例患者的临床资料。结果 11例患者均顺利完成手术,其中7例加行外括约肌折叠术。本组手术时间平均(135.4±45.1)min,术中失血量(60.2±9.5)ml。11例患者中10例治愈,1例好转。1例术后发生切口感染,无吻合口瘘、腹腔感染、肠梗阻等严重并发症;随访12~60个月无复发。7例肛门失禁患者术后6月Wexner评分较术前明显下降(P<0.01),3例排便困难症状明显改善。结论腹腔镜经腹前大肠部分切除加直肠悬吊固定,选择性加行肛门外括约肌折叠治疗成人直肠全脱垂安全可行,复发率低,临床疗效满意。     

成人直肠脱垂个体化手术治疗的临床经验

目的探讨成人直肠脱垂个体化手术治疗的临床经验和选择。方法回顾性分析我院手术治疗成人直肠脱垂患者78例的临床资料。经腹直肠前切除及固定术11例,经腹腔镜直肠前切除及固定术20例,经会阴直肠乙状结肠部分切除术治疗23例,采用PPH术25例。结果所有患者手术均顺利,无围手术期死亡病例。术后随访8~48个月,经腹直肠前切除及固定术、经腹腔镜直肠前切除及固定术及采用PPH术者无复发,经会阴直肠乙状结肠部分切除术者3例轻度复发。结论对直肠脱垂患者实行围手术期系统的功能评价和规则的个体化的手术治疗,患者可能会得到一个理想的治疗效果。     

改良直肠前切除术治疗直肠脱垂(附5例报告)

目的回顾性分析成人完全型直肠脱垂采用改良经腹直肠前切除术的疗效。方法对5例确诊为成人完全型直肠脱垂的患者采用改良经腹直肠前切除术。结果5例患者全部治愈,术后平均住院时间9d。随访8~15个月无复发。结论改良的经腹直肠前切除手术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂疗效比较满意。该手术方式不仅可以治疗直肠本身以及乙状结肠病变,而且可以纠正肠外因素,降低手术并发症,减少住院时间。     

腹腔镜直肠悬吊固定术治疗直肠重度脱垂

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠悬吊固定术治疗直肠脱垂的临床应用价值。方法1998年3月至2007年2月,对4例完全性直肠脱垂患者进行了腹腔镜直肠悬吊固定术。1例采用缝合固定法,将直肠后壁分离、提高,用丝线缝闭直肠前陷凹,并将直肠后壁悬吊固定于骶骨岬前筋膜上,再将乙状结肠缝合固定在左侧腰大肌筋膜。3例采用网片固定法,将直肠游离到肛提肌水平,用1张6cm×9cm的T字型聚丙烯网片置于直肠后方,网片下缘在肛提肌水平环绕直肠,在直肠前方用丝线缝合网片和直肠浆肌层,再将网片上端在直肠后用疝修补钉夹固定于骶骨岬前筋膜,缝合关闭盆底腹膜。再将乙状结肠缝合固定在左侧腰大肌筋膜。结果4例患者手术均顺利,无中转开腹者。手术时间92.5(80-100)min,出血量6.5(5～10)ml。无并发症发生。术后尿失禁和肛门失禁的症状缓解,术后随访2个月至3年均未见复发与便秘出现。结论腹腔镜下行腹腔镜直肠悬吊固定术创伤小、恢复快和安全有效。     

Successful treatment of rectal prolapse by laparoscopic suture rectopexy

BACKGROUND: A wide variety of procedures are used for management of rectal prolapse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic suture rectopexy in the treatment of this condition. METHODS: From May 1991 to May 1998, 32 consecutive patients were treated by laparoscopic suture rectopexy. In four of them, an additional sigmoid colectomy was performed for refractory constipation or redundant large bowels. The clinical data were analyzed. RESULTS: Of our 32 patients, 27 were female and five were male. The median age was 51.5 years (range, 20-87). The median operative time was 150 min (range, 90-300), and the median hospital stay was 5 days (range, 2-20). There were no operative mortalities. Three postoperative complications required reoperations for bowel obstructions. At a median follow-up of 33 months (range 3-78), there were two complete recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience indicates that laparoscopic suture rectopexy, with and without sigmoid colectomy, is safe, feasible, and effective for the treatment of rectal prolapse.     

腹腔镜改良直肠前切除术治疗重度直肠脱垂的临床体会

目的:评价腹腔镜改良直肠前切除术治疗重度直肠脱垂的临床效果与应用价值。方法:回顾分析为25例确诊为成人完全型重度直肠脱垂患者行腹腔镜改良直肠前切除术的临床资料,分析治疗效果。结果:25例手术均获成功。手术时间平均(110.0±19.0)min,出血量平均(80.0±20.5)ml,切除标本长度平均(18.5±3.0)cm,术后平均住院(7.0±3.3)d。无严重并发症发生,平均随访(36.0±11.3)个月,23例(92.0%)无复发,2例(8.0%)轻度复发。结论:腹腔镜改良直肠前切除术治疗成人重度直肠脱垂安全、可靠,疗效确切,复发率低,具有明显的微创优势,临床疗效较满意。     

Rectal prolapse in adults--causes, diagnostic, treatment

Despite progress in modern surgery, the choice of the surgical procedure of rectal prolapse is regarded with controversy. Selection criteria between the abdominal or perineal approach or between rectopexy and resection rectopexy are not yet proven. This article gives a review of the literature about rectal prolapse and an analysis of the outcome of posterior rectopexy and resection rectopexy--partly conventionally and partly laparoscopically--in 25 patients with rectal prolapse III degrees and IV degrees. All except for one patient were examined during a mean follow-up of 5.5 (3.1) years for the rectopexy group and 2.1 (0.7) years for the resection rectopexy group. Recurrence occurred in one patient in each group respectively. There was no significant difference concerning the continence function (p = 0.32) and constipation (p = 0.36) between both groups. No mesh-related complications such as infection, fistula or rectum stenosis were observed. According to the review of the literature and our data, we believe that the choice of the operative procedure for rectal prolapse should be based on individual criteria. Fit patients should be offered laparoscopic procedures such as resection rectopexy and rectopexy without colonic resection.     

Management of rectal prolapse: the role of laparoscopic approaches

Rectal prolapse is a lifestyle-altering disability which has been treated with over 100 surgical options. The specific goals of surgical management of full thickness rectal prolapse are to minimize the operative risk in this typically elderly population, eradicate the external prolapse of the rectum, improve continence, improve bowel function, and reduce the risk of recurrence. The theoretical advantages of a laparoscopic approach are to couple reductions in surgical morbidity and good post-operative outcome. Studies which compare the same laparoscopic and open surgical approach for rectal prolapse have demonstrated that laparoscopy confers benefits related to postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, and return of bowel function. Virtually every type of open transabdominal surgical approach to rectal prolapse has been laparoscopically accomplished. Current laparoscopic surgical techniques include suture rectopexy, stapled rectopexy, posterior mesh rectopexy with artificial material, and resection of the sigmoid colon with colorectal anastomosis, with or without rectopexy. The growing body of literature supports the concept that laparoscopic surgical techniques can safely provide the benefits of low recurrence rates and improved functional outcome for patients with full thickness rectal prolapse.     

Laparoscopic repair of rectal prolapse

Background: There have been few large series that have focused on the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach for rectal prolapse. This single-institution study prospectively examines the surgical outcome and changes in symptoms and bowel function following the laparoscopic repair of rectal prolapse. Methods: In a selected group of 34 patients (total prolapse, 28; intussusception, six), 17 patients underwent laparoscopic-assisted resection rectopexy and 17 patients received a laparoscopic sutured rectopexy. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation at 3, 6, and 12 months included assessment of the severity of anal incontinence, constipation, changes in constipation-related symptoms, and colonic transit time. Results: Median operation time was 255 min (range, 180–360) in the resection rectopexy group and 150 min (range, 90–295) in the rectopexy alone group. Median postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (range, 3–15) and median time off work was 14 days (range, 12–21) in both groups. There were no deaths. Postoperative morbidity was 24%. Incontinence improved significantly regardless of which method was used. The main determinant of constipation was excessive straining at defecation. Constipation was cured in 70% of the patients in the rectopexy group and 64% in the resection rectopexy group. Symptoms of difficult evacuation improved, but the changes were significant only after resection rectopexy. Two patients (7%) developed recurrent total prolapse during a median follow-up of 2 years (range 12–60 months). Conclusions: Laparoscopic-sutured rectopexy and laparoscopic-assisted resection rectopexy are feasible and carry an acceptable morbidity rate. They eliminate prolapse and cure incontinence in the great majority of patients. Constipation and symptoms of difficult evacuation are alleviated. Received: 30 April 1999/Accepted: 8 July 1999/Online publication: 22 May 2000     

肾上腺肿物切除术后再行腹腔镜肾上腺手术

目的：总结既往有肾上腺手术史者再行腹腔镜肾上腺手术的经验。方法：2005年5月～2007年3月采用腹腔镜经腹腔途径对3例肾上腺肿物切除术后患者再行腹腔镜肾上腺肿物切除术。3例原发性醛固酮增多症患者均为女性,平均48岁（35～56岁）,左侧1例,右侧2例,肿瘤平均直径1．4cm（1．2～2．0cm）,2例曾行腹腔镜经后腹腔肾上腺肿物切除,1例曾行经腰切口开放’肾上腺肿物切除。观察手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、并发症及手术效果。结果：3例手术均顺利完成。平均手术时间90min（75～110min）,术中平均出血量20ml（10-30ml）。平均住院时间5天（4～6天）,术中术后无并发症发生。随访8～25个月肿瘤无复发。结论：对于有肾上腺手术史者再行腹腔镜肾上腺手术难度增加,但腹腔镜再次手术是可行有效的。     

Treatment of rectal prolapse. A clinical study of 50 consecutive patients

The results of surgical treatment of rectal prolapse in 50 consecutive adult patients were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 51.8 +/- 15.9 years. 8 of the patients were males. 13 of the patients had recurrent prolapse after operations performed earlier elsewhere. There were 4 types of operations: Delorme's mucosal sleeve resection (n = 21), perineal rectosigmoidectomy (n = 7), low anterior resection (n = 12) and abdominal rectopexy (n = 10). There was no operative mortality. The main postoperative complications were perforation or stricture of the rectum in the Delorme group and ileus and anastomotic complications in the low anterior resection group. The frequency of postoperative complications was clearly highest in the low anterior resection group (67%). Follow-up examination was performed 5.2 +/- 3.9 years postoperatively. The recurrence rate of prolapse was highest after perineal operations. Fecal incontinence was almost always associated with recurrence of prolapse and its incidence increased with reoperation. In conclusion, abdominal rectopexy was superior to other forms of operation in the treatment of rectal prolapse. Successfull correction of rectal prolapse does not necessarily rule out the need for later surgery for faecal incontinence.     

Laparoscopic rectopexy without resection: a worthwhile treatment for rectal prolapse in patients without prior constipation

Anterior resection with rectopexy is considered by many to be the best operation for rectal prolapse. It is feared that if sigmoid redundancy created by rectal mobilization is not resected, colonic motility (specifically constipation) could be disabling. We contend that resection is not necessary in patients without preexisting constipation. We tested this hypothesis using a laparoscopic approach to minimize hospital stay. Twelve patients were treated (eight women); mean age was 45 years (range, 25-82 years). No patient had preexisting constipation; one had irritable bowel syndrome. Three patients had prior prolapse operations. Full rectal mobilization was undertaken down to the levator hiatus; neither the mesenteric vessels nor the lateral ligaments were divided. Rectopexy to the presacral fascia was done with one to two Nurolon sutures on either side of the rectum. There were no complications; mean hospital stay was 4 days. Mean follow up was 32 months (range; 3-75 months); there have been no recurrences. Only the patient with irritable bowel syndrome developed significant constipation. We conclude: 1) rectopexy can be safely done laparoscopically, 2) resection is not required in the absence of prior constipation, and 3) rectal mobilization and rectopexy does not predispose to future constipation in these selected patients.     

腹腔镜肝切除术中出血的处理

目的探讨腹腔镜肝切除术中出血的处理方法。方法对22例肝脏病变实施腹腔镜肝切除术。其中原发性肝癌5例,肝血管瘤16例,肝转移癌1例。15例肿瘤位于左外叶,1例位于肝尾状叶,2例位于第Ⅳ段,4例位于肝脏第Ⅵ段;肿瘤平均直径为4 cm（2～10 cm）。手术方式包括腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术15例,不规则肝部分切除术6例,肝尾状叶左半切除术1例。结果 22例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开腹,无手术死亡。平均手术时间为115 min（65～142 min）,平均术中出血量为450 mL（270～780 mL）,平均术后住院时间为6.5 d（3～11 d）。结论控制肝脏断面出血是腹腔镜肝切除术的技术关键。