尿道下裂术中运用中心静脉穿刺套管行膀胱造瘘术

目的 探讨在尿道下裂术中运用中心静脉穿刺套管行耻骨上穿刺膀胱造瘘术替代开放式膀胱造瘘术的可行性.方法 从2004年1月至2005年12月对52例尿道下裂患者运用中心静脉穿刺套管行耻骨上穿刺膀胱造瘘术.结果 51例病人获得满意的膀胱引流,1例病人膀胱引流不畅,需改行开放式膀胱造瘘术.结论 运用中心静脉穿刺套管行耻骨上穿刺膀胱造瘘术是一种简单、安全、可靠的方法,可保证通畅的膀胱引流.运用中心静脉穿刺套管行耻骨上穿刺膀胱造瘘术具有手术创伤小、美观、疗效好等优点,可替代开放式膀胱造瘘术,值得推广应用.     

B超及电子膀胱软镜联合引导下耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术的临床应用

目的:探讨B超及电子膀胱软镜联合引导耻骨上膀胱造瘘术的有效性及安全性。方法:自2011年8月~2013年10月,我院采用B超及电子膀胱软镜联合引导下行经皮耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术治疗泌尿系疾病患者69例。所有患者均为永久性膀胱造瘘术。结果:所有患者均一次穿刺成功。术中均可耐受,无明显不适,无明显并发症发生。术后均引流通畅。2例(2.9%)患者引流血性尿液,其中1例经伤口外纱布压迫后止血;另1例外压止血不满意,在床旁经造瘘管置入斑马导丝,沿导丝放置F16双腔球囊导尿管,注入水囊20ml生理盐水后用力牵拉,压迫止血成功。结论:B超及电子膀胱软镜联合引导下耻骨上膀胱造瘘术安全有效,简单易行,创伤小,并发症风险小,是一种值得推广的手术方式。     

Duckett带蒂岛状包皮瓣尿道成形术的护理

为了提高尿道下裂患儿的治疗效果，减少术后并发症，于1997年1月至2000年4月对126例尿道下裂患儿行Duckett带蒂岛状包皮瓣尿道成形术。结果治愈107例，其中19例发生术后并发症，经及时处理好转；19例未愈。随访6－12个月，107例均排尿良好，阴茎外观满意。护理要点：做好术前准备，术后注重耻骨上膀胱造瘘引流、尿道支架管以及预防并发症的护理。     

闭合性尿道球部损伤不同手术治疗效果与术后狭窄处理分析

目的比较闭合性尿道球部损伤早期行耻骨上膀胱造瘘术与膀胱镜下留置尿管术的临床效果及术后狭窄处理。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2017年6月就诊的57例闭合性尿道球部损伤患者,耻骨上膀胱造瘘患者24例(造瘘组),膀胱镜下留置尿管患者33例(置管组)。随访期间发生狭窄的患者,根据狭窄程度行微创手术(内镜下尿道内切开术或尿道扩张术)或开放修复手术。比较两组患者术后狭窄的发生率、狭窄段长度、勃起功能障碍(ED)发生率。比较早期行膀胱镜下留置尿管治疗后发生狭窄的患者与早期行耻骨上膀胱造瘘治疗后发生狭窄的患者经微创手术治愈的比例。结果造瘘组和置管组术后狭窄发生率分别为33.33%(8/24)和63.64%(21/33),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);狭窄段长度分别是(1.17±0.42)cm和(1.38±0.44)cm,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),造瘘组与置管组ED发生率分别是4.17%(1/24)和6.06%(2/33),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早期行膀胱镜下留置尿管治疗后发生狭窄的患者与早期行耻骨上膀胱造瘘治疗后发生狭窄的患者通过微创手术治愈比例的差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.032,P=0.154)。结论尿道球部损伤患者早期行耻骨上膀胱造瘘可能降低术后尿道狭窄的发生,但对狭窄段长度及ED的发生可能无影响。     

耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘经尿道电切术治疗高龄前列腺增生的临床观察

目的探讨耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗高龄前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析对50例高龄BPH患者实施采用耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘TURP的临床治疗资料。结果本组患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间(58.24±28)min,切除组织平均重量(21.20±2.36)g。术中平均出血量(42.10±21.76)mL,未出现术中需输血患者。5%葡萄糖液冲洗平均用量(10.12±2.06)L,6例因术中血压、心律失常等而行前列腺减容切除(部分切除),1例合并膀胱结石作耻骨上小切口膀胱切开取出。患者未出现电切综合征。术后3例继发泌尿系感染,2例出现轻度尿失禁,均经对症治疗后症状缓解。术后尿管留置时间4～7 d。住院时间5～10 d,平均(7.10±0.96)d。术后均获随访1～3个月,患者症状均明显改善,出院1个月时IPSS评分与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘TURP手术创伤轻、并发症少,疗效肯定。     

耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术致尿外渗三例

耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术,很少出现并发症。我们曾遇术后致尿外渗者3例,兹就其教训加以分析。例1.男,60岁。以前列腺肥大并发急性尿潴留,在门诊行套管针耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术,兼用激素治疗。5天后可自行少许排尿,即拔除耻骨上造瘘管。拔管后造瘘口仍有尿液溢出,且感下腹胀痛,肛门不排气,以尿外渗入院。体检:腹部膨隆,可见肠型,下腹壁、阴茎包皮、阴囊均明显水肿,下腹部有压痛及反跳痛,肛诊前列腺触诊不满意。入院后急诊手术,下腹正中切开腹壁各层,见皮下、耻骨后间隙有大量淡红色渗液,软组织水肿。由原膀胱造瘘口放普通导尿管,耻骨上行持续开放引流,仍兼以激素治     

超声引导G18套管针穿刺在不充分充盈膀胱造瘘中的应用

目的 探讨B超引导下G18套管针穿刺在不充分充盈膀胱造瘘中的有效性及安全性.方法 对2例后尿道断裂患者,4例球部尿道断裂,1例腰椎手术术前引流尿液患者和2例神经外科手术术前引流尿液患者,因膀胱均不充分充盈,B超检查尿量约100mL,耻骨上区扪不到充盈膀胱,采用B超定位下G18套管针穿刺膀胱,穿刺成功后注入生理盐水200 ～ 400mL,充分充盈膀胱,然后再行膀胱穿刺造瘘.结果 9例患者均穿刺造瘘成功,手术时间10～ 15min,未出现肠管损伤、前列腺损伤等并发症.结论 采用B超定位下G18套管针穿刺行不充分充盈膀胱造瘘术,具有操作简单、安全有效等优点.     

V型槽式膀胱造瘘穿刺导芯针临床应用

目的介绍一种膀胱造瘘方法。方法对40例使用自制内置V型槽式膀胱造瘘穿刺导芯针带气囊导尿管行耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组40例手术时间为5～10min。术后尿液引流通畅,无出血、无漏尿等并发症。结论该造瘘方法具有损伤小,不出血,无痛苦等优点。     

益肾逐瘀通颗粒剂联合耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术的临床应用

目的：观察益肾逐瘀通颗粒剂联合耻骨上膀胱穿刺造瘘术治疗良性前列腺增生症合并尿潴留的临床效果。方法：分为治疗组和两个对照组，治疗组19例，对照一组20例，对照二组17例。治疗组：膀胱穿刺造瘘术＋益肾逐瘀颗粒剂。对照一组：膀胱穿刺造瘘术＋哈乐。对照二组：膀胱穿刺造瘘术。结果：治疗组：总有效率为52．6％。对照一组：总有效率为60．0％。两组相比，总有效率差异无显著性（P〉0．01）；对照二组：总有效率为29．4％。对照二组分别与治疗组、对照一组相比，总有效率差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：治疗组可使前列腺增生症合并尿潴留的患者主观症状、客观体征及生活质量均得到明显改善，又有明显改善膀胱排尿的功能，临床疗效与Al—A受体阻滞剂哈乐治疗效果相近，具有很好的临床效果和费用比。     

输尿管镜气压弹导碎石术治疗儿童下尿路结石

目的：探讨儿童下尿路结石的治疗方法。方法：应用输尿管镜气压弹导碎石术经尿道或膀胱穿刺造瘘通道治疗儿童下尿路结石22例。结果：22例均一次成功击碎结石，治愈率100％。其中2例经膀胱穿刺造瘘通道碎石，术中即将结石取净。20例经尿道膀胱内碎石，术后结石均排净。无一例有并发症。结论：输尿管镜下气压弹导碎石治疗儿童下尿路结石，创伤小，成功率高，并发症少，为一种较理想的治疗方法。     

电子软膀胱镜监视下耻骨上膀胱穿刺造口术的临床价值研究

目的:探讨一种简单、安全、高效的耻骨上膀胱穿刺造口方法的临床价值。方法:采用日本OLYMPUS公司生产的CYF240A型电子软性膀胱镜监视下于下腹正中耻骨上二横指处局麻下行膀胱穿刺造口,用内置导芯套管针穿刺入膀胱后置入带气囊导尿管,气囊注水后拔出导芯针。结果:用该法膀胱造口24例一次成功率100%,其中2例术后1～2天有淡红色血尿,经双腔Foley尿管外牵,气囊压迫后治愈。无穿刺误入腹腔及肠瘘、血肿、尿外渗、改开放性手术造口、造瘘管脱落、膀胱刺激症状、感染等并发症。结论:该方法安全快捷,操作简单,冲洗与引流效果肯定,并发症少。     

Suprapubic cystostomy catheterization in open-heart surgery

Monitoring of the urinary output is mandatory during open-heart surgery and in the immediate postoperative period. During 1980-81 we noticed an alarming rise in the number of post-catheterization urethral strictures affecting men who had undergone open-heart surgery. To avoid this serious complication, we switched from conventional urethral catheterization to suprapubic cystostomy for these patients. The first 93 cases with suprapubic drainage have now been analysed as regards the advantages and complications of this technique. The advantages were clear: The patients were satisfied with the method and no urethral strictures developed. The only side effect was haematuria, which in 9 cases led to occlusion of the catheter and required extraneous maneouvres. Suprapubic cystostomy thus seems to be a good alternative to conventional urethral catheterization in open-heart surgery. The possible causes of the urethral complications in this particular group of patients also are discussed.     

合并逼尿肌收缩减弱的良性前列腺增生12例患者手术疗效观察

目的:对合并逼尿肌收缩减弱的BPH患者,行经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)和同期膀胱造瘘术,观察术后逼尿肌恢复情况。方法:回顾分析2002～2005年因BPH合并逼尿肌收缩减弱行膀胱造瘘12例资料。常规尿流动力学检查确诊后,行TURP和同期膀胱造瘘术,并追踪随访术后1年膀胱功能恢复情况。结果:术后1年膀胱功能恢复9例,年龄(69.00±5.13)岁,前列腺梗阻病程较短;3例未恢复患者年龄>78岁,前列腺梗阻病程较长,术后留置造瘘管。结论:单纯由膀胱出口梗阻引起的逼尿肌收缩减弱,术后膀胱排尿功能恢复可能性大,可以在行TURP同期行膀胱造瘘术,病程较长的患者,术后逼尿肌恢复可能性较小,可以单纯行膀胱造瘘术;如果随访发现逼尿肌功能改善,可行TURP。     

Rectal perforation as a complication of urethral instrumentation: 2 case reports

A review of the complications of urethral instrumentation performed at our institution during the last 15 years revealed 2 cases of urethrorectal perforation. These patients were managed with loop colostomy and suprapubic cystostomy diversion with excellent healing and no evidence of fistula formation at 24-month followup. This rare complication is described and the principles of diagnosis, prevention and prompt aggressive management are emphasized.     

Evaluation of the end colostomy complications and the risk factors influencing them in Iranian patients

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of end colostomy complications and the evaluation of factors influencing outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred and thirty patients with end colostomy were studied. All patient were recalled for examination for recent complications. Early complications included stoma site pain, early dermal irritation (during the first month after surgery), mucosal bleeding, stomal prolapse and psychosocial complications. Late complications included peristomal hernia, stomal stenosis, late dermal irritation (after the first month), stomal retraction, stomal necrosis and other stoma complications (perforation, fistula etc.). Probable underlying factors were studied. To evaluate risk factors affecting complications, univariable analysis and then multivariable analysis by binary logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: One hundred and one (30.6%) patients had no complications and the remainder had at least one of early or late complications. Overall, psychosocial complications, 56.4%; mucosal bleeding, 34.5%; early dermal irritation, 23.5% were the most frequent complications. Peristomal hernia (11.2%) was the most common late complication. Those aged > 40 years had significant associations with psychosocial problem (OR = 2.77), mucosal haemorrhage (OR = 2.19), and early dermal irritation (OR = 3.14). The risks of peristomal hernia and early dermal irritation are greater in the patients with BMI > 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.08 and 2.55, respectively). CONCLUSION: The risk of most prevalent complications of colostomy construction increases in elder patients. The high prevalence of psychosocial and skin problems in patients with a colostomy, needs special attention especially from the viewpoint of education by trained stoma nurses and preparation of standard equipment.     

良性前列腺增生术后再入院的原因及治疗探讨(附106例报告)

目的　分析良性前列腺增生 (BPH)切除术后患者再入院的原因 ,探讨治疗方法。　方法　BPH术后再入院患者 10 6例。腺体残留或复发者 4 7例 ,其中TURP术后 4 1例 ,开放术后 6例 ,4 2例再次行TURP ,5例因腺体较大行开放手术 ;尿道狭窄者 32例 ,其中TURP术后 12例 ,开放手术后 2 0例 ,2 7例行经尿道瘢痕组织冷刀内切开术加电切术 ,3例行尿道外口成形术 ,2例行耻骨上膀胱造瘘术 ;TURP术后继发出血 11例 ,行经尿道膀胱冲洗加电凝止血 ;神经原性膀胱功能障碍 7例 ,2例行膀胱颈环状肌切断术 ,3例自行间断导尿 ,2例行耻骨上膀胱造瘘术 ;前列腺癌 6例 ,1例行前列腺癌根治术 ,3例行姑息性TURP加睾丸切除术 ,2例行睾丸切除术 ;TURP术后尿失禁 2例 ,1例使用阴茎集尿器 ,1例转外院行尿道生物胶原注射缩窄尿道 ;腹壁切口疝 1例 ,行疝修补术。　结果　 10 6例患者 ,97例行手术治疗 ,术后随诊 6个月～ 15年 ,平均 5年 8个月。效果满意 84例 (86 .6 % ) ;9例尿道狭窄术后需要定期尿道扩张 ;2例尿道狭窄和 2例神经原性膀胱功能障碍手术失败 ,行耻骨上膀胱造瘘。9例未行手术治疗。　结论　术前准确诊断 ,合理选择手术方式及术中术后正确处理是预防患者再次入院的关键。再次手术应首选经尿道方式。     

Long-term results of treatment of urethral injuries in males caused by external trauma.

Of 134 males with traumatic rupture of the urethra seen between 1967 and 1989, 10 have been lost to follow-up and 124 have been followed up for 1 to 22 years (mean 8); 100 patients had a pelvic fracture (3 with associated rectal injury) and 24 had perineal injuries. Prior to referral 31 patients (25%) had undergone treatment in addition to suprapubic cystostomy. Wherever possible, strictures were managed by optical urethrotomy (33) or intermittent dilatation (4). In 2 patients only a suprapubic cystostomy was possible. Skin inlay urethroplasty in 1 or 2 stages was performed in 75 cases, an end-to-end anastomosis with or without resection of the symphysis pubis in 7 and a scrotal tube pull-through in 3. The immediate and long-term results depended on the severity of the original injury. With minimal displacement the management was simple and the long-term prognosis good, a single urethrotomy being sufficient in 22 patients. Where there was considerable displacement the initial management was more difficult and there was a high incidence of long-term complications: of 73 patients treated by urethroplasty or end-to-end anastomosis, significant post-operative infection occurred in 11 (15%) and restenosis in 15 (20%), of whom 7 required a revision urethroplasty. Data in respect of potency were recorded in 80 patients: 28 of these were impotent, 20 of the 28 having sustained an injury with considerable displacement.     

Long-term analysis of suprapubic cystostomy drainage in patients with neurogenic bladder

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the roles of suprapubic cystostomy in patients with neurogenic bladder and analyzed the complications and their courses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 118 patients with neurogenic bladder managed with suprapubic cystostomy. The original diseases were spinal cord injury in 90, degenerative disease of the central nervous system in 15, spina bifida in 6, cerebral palsy in 3, pontine bleeding in 1, Parkinson's disease in 1, brain tumor in 1, and dysgenesis of the external sphincter in 1. Fifty-six (62.2%) of spinal cord-injured patients demonstrated cervical damage. Renal function, urinary pH and white blood cell values were measured and evaluated after insertion. The stone-free rate after insertion was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Indications for cystostomy were failure of clean intermittent catheterization in 62 (52.5%) and Credé's maneuver in 2, severe urethral damage in 30 (25.4%), replacement of urethral catheter in 3, worsening of the original disease in 15 (12.7%), deterioration of the general condition in 2, mental retardation in 2, and traumatic vesical rupture in 1. Frequent complications were formation of the bladder calculi in 30 (25%) and urinary leakage through the urethra in 11 (10%). No fatal complications occurred. The stone-free rates 5 and 10 years after insertion were 77 and 64%, respectively. The urinary pH of the stone-forming group was significantly higher than that of the stone-free group. The high urinary pH group (>7.24) had a higher risk of stone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Although continuous cystostomy drainage is not considered to be ideal management for bladder emptying, some patients with neurogenic bladder may benefit from this procedure.