腕管综合征两种减压手术后肌电图检测结果的分析比较

目的 通过分析比较中、重度腕管综合征传统与内窥镜微创减压手术后中远期肌电图检测结果的差异,探讨两种方法治疗腕管综合征后肌电指标改善的程度.方法 选择中、重度腕管综合征患者共46例59腕,按手术方法的不同分为两组,其中传统切开减压组22例27腕、内窥镜微创减压组24例32腕,于术后1年进行肌电图检测,对复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)潜伏期、感觉神经动作电位(sensory nerve action potential,SNAP)波幅及感觉传导速度(sensory nerve conduction velocity,SNCV)的随访数据进行分析比较.结果 术后1年拇短展肌CMAP 潜伏期及SNCV组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而SNAP波幅组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 神经电生理检测提示传统切开减压治疗中、重度腕管综合征的中远期随访的肌电指标改善程度优于内窥镜微创治疗.     

腕管综合征术后柱状痛的临床研究

目的 探讨腕管综合征常规手术后柱状痛的原因.方法 2006年12月至2008年10月,对27例(30侧)腕管综合征的患者,采用常规腕管切开正中神经松解术进行治疗,术后随访测量柱状痛的面积及发生柱状痛患腕的功能.结果 术后随访10～30个月,11侧出现手术切口周围柱状感觉麻木区,8侧出现切口周围单侧或双侧柱状痛.结论 在出现柱状痛或柱状感觉麻木的患者中,柱状痛的面积和切口长度呈正相关;有无柱状痛不是评价腕管切开减压术(OCTR)疗效的标准;切口的类型与柱状痛的发生无相关.     

内窥镜辅助与开放腕管切开治疗腕管综合征疗效比较

目的比较内窥镜辅助下腕管切开减压术(endoscopic carpal tunnel release,ECTR)与传统开放腕管切开减压术(open carpal tunnel release,OCTR)治疗腕管综合征的疗效。方法自2013年1月至2015年9月收治的58例单侧腕管综合征患者,分别有30例行内窥镜辅助下腕管切开减压术(ECTR组),28例行手掌部开放正中神经探查松解术(OCTR组),其中男16例,女42例;年龄39~68岁,平均(51.2±5.9)岁;病程3~24个月,平均(11.5±2.8)个月。采用Kelly评分系统、两点分辨觉、术后并发症的发生情况以及术后恢复工作时间等作为随访评价指标,比较两种手术方法的疗效优劣。结果患者术后均获随访,随访时间14~30个月,平均24.3个月。末次随访时两组患者的Kelly评分、两点分辨觉等临床评价比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。ECTR组患者手术耗时短、术后伤口小、恢复工作早、患者满意度较高。结论与传统腕管切开减压术相比,内窥镜辅助下腕管切开减压手术瘢痕小、手术耗时短、恢复工作早,其他方面则无明显优势。     

微创光刀掌侧小切口腕管切开微创松解术的体会

目的 报道使用一种新型光刀结合掌侧小切口微创腕管切开松解减压术的方法及其疗效. 方法 2008年6月至2009年7月,对34例(39侧)腕管综合征,采用新型光刀结合掌侧小切口技术行微创腕管切开松解减压术,其中16例左手(41％),23例右手(59％).术后随访通过美国密歇根州手功能评价问卷调查(MHQ)评估手功能,并分别在术后2周、3个月和6个月时进行包括握力、捏力和手的灵巧度在内的定量测量的后续评估. 结果 术后所有患者均能立即正常使用患手.部分患者在术后2周出现轻至中度的瘢痕压痛及切口疼痛,均在术后6个月内完全消失.随访6个月所有病例未出现明显并发症.随访期间,通过MHQ量表对患者的调查显示,在疼痛缓解、患者满意度、手功能、日常活动以及工作绩效等方面都有了显著的改善.此外,手术后6个月观察到患者的握力和捏力有显著改善. 结论 使用新型光刀掌侧小切口微创腕管切开松解术取得了良好的术后功能和患者满意度.同时手术时间短、简单、经济、有效,治疗不需要进行神经外膜松解的轻中度腕管综合征患者.     

三种不同术式治疗腕管综合征的疗效比较

目的分析比较微创技术（内窥镜、腕部小切口）与传统切开方法治疗腕管综合征的术后疗效。方法对60例（72侧）腕管综合征的患者，采用内窥镜、腕部小切口及传统切开方法进行治疗。采用Kelly评价、两点分辨觉的改善、手术时间及并发症的发生情况，对3组术式的疗效进行分析比较。结果术后随访时间平均为12个月，3种手术方法术后疗效的优良率基本相同，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但内窥镜和小切口组在手术时间、住院天数、瘢痕痛方面均明显少于传统切开组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论微创手术在手掌部残留的瘢痕小、手术耗时短，与传统腕管切开减压术疗效等同。     

冲击波联合小切口手术治疗腕管综合征疗效分析

目的比较冲击波联合小切口手术与单纯采用小切口手术治疗腕管综合征的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-01—2019-01诊治的50例腕管综合征,25例采用单纯采用小切口手术治疗(对照组),25例采用冲击波联合小切口手术治疗(观察组),比较观察组治疗前、对照组术前与2组术后1个月疼痛VAS评分、波士顿腕管综合征问卷中的症状评分、功能评分。结果 50例均获得随访,随访时间平均1个月,患者术后3天开始康复治疗,手部疼痛明显减轻,手指麻木及活动功能有很大程度改善。观察组治疗前与对照组术前疼痛VAS评分、波士顿腕管综合征问卷症状评分、波士顿腕管综合征问卷功能评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月观察组疼痛VAS评分、波士顿腕管综合征问卷症状评分、波士顿腕管综合征问卷功能评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论冲击波联合小切口手术较单纯行小切口手术治疗腕管综合征具有明显优势,值得临床推广。     

双小切口微创治疗腕管综合征21例报道

腕管综合征是临床较为常见的周围神经卡压综合征,治疗方法包括手术治疗及保守治疗。手术治疗的目的主要为腕管松解减压,其手术方式包括传统切口松解术、单小切口松解术、双小切口松解术和经腕关节镜下微创松解术。从2001年8月～2010年4月,我院采用双小切口治疗21例腕管综合征,对其安全性、疗效及随访情况进行报道分析。     

显微技术在腕管综合征中的应用

1995年1月～2008年1月,我院应用显微技术作正中神经内减压、松解术和传统腕横韧带切开减压术各治疗腕管综合征31例,现将两种治疗方法的疗效报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料将62例腕管综合征患者随机分为A、B两组,每组31例。A、B两组术前情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,具有可比性,见表1。     

内镜下双孔入路与有限小切口手术治疗腕管综合征的疗效比较

目的比较内镜下双孔入路与有限小切口手术治疗腕管综合征的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2018-05—2019-05采用内镜下双孔入路与有限小切口手术治疗的42例中重度腕管综合征,比较2组手术时间、住院时间、切口长度、术后3个月疼痛VAS评分以及末次随访时的Kelly等级。结果 42例共58个腕部均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均8个月。小切口组3例出现瘢痕疼痛。内镜组手术时间较小切口组少,切口长度较小切口组小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组住院时间、术后3个月疼痛VAS评分以及末次随访时Kelly等级比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论内镜下双孔入路与有限小切口手术治疗腕管综合征均可取得满意疗效,内镜下双孔入路手术切口长度更小,手术时间更短。     

腕管综合征84例临床分析

目的 研究腕管综合征的手术治疗与非手术治疗的效果及并发症,及如何更合理地使用这两种方法.方法 84例腕管综合征,轻度型21例,中度型48例,重度型15例.非手术治疗45例,手术治疗39例.结果 非手术治疗对轻度型、中度型病例的近期有效率分别为90.48％、85.00％,2～3年后部分轻、中度型病例的非手术治疗不能阻断病情发展,改手术治疗(5例).重度型病例手术治疗的效果较好.结论 轻、中度型腕管综合征可首选非手术治疗,疗效不佳再行手术治疗.重度型病例选择手术治疗.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

Work and career experiences and emotional well-being of managerial and professional women

This study examined a research model developed to understand emotional well-being among managerial and professional women. Data were collected from 792 women using questionnaires completed anonymously. Although considerable diversity was present in the sample, most women were in early career, married but still without children. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: personal demographic variables. Organizational and situational characteristics, work experiences associated with job and career satisfaction and work outcomes. Work experiences and work outcomes were fairly consistently and significantly related to self-reported emotional well-being. Implications for managerial women and their employing organizations are offered.