胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症30例报告

采用胶原酶注射即化学溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症,自1996年以来共治疗30例。局麻后在电视X线机控制下进行胶原酶注射,注射后住察1周,优良率达70％,作者认为化学溶核术较手术恢复快、痛苦小,是可选择的一种好方法。     

经皮分区减压加胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

腰椎间盘突出症的治疗方法，除开放手术外，近年开展的化学溶核术和经皮穿刺椎间盘髓核切吸术已取得较好效果。为了更好地提高疗效，从1998年10月以来将传统经皮切吸的减压区加以改进，结合胶原酶注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症，并设立对照研究，现报告如下。     

激光联合胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症

经皮激光腰椎间盘汽化术和胶原酶化学溶核术应用于腰突症已有多年历史．对于按国际腰椎研究会明确分型为突出型，并采用上述两种微创介入法联合应用的疗效报道较少。本院对符合上述分型的32例病人采用双介入治疗，有效率达93．8％．现报告如下。     

腰椎间盘突出症化学溶核术治疗术后复发的手术治疗体会

目的：探讨腰椎间盘突出症化学溶核术治疗术后复发的手术治疗体会。方法：分析9例腰椎间盘突出症化学溶核术后复发的临床资料和手术治疗资料。结果：突出型5例，其中钙化3例，脱出型3例，游离型1例。疗效：优，症状、体征消失，正常生活工作。本组5例；良，症状、体征基本消失，偶有放射性腿麻，本组3例；可，症状、体征明显改善，仍有足外侧麻木，本组1例。结论：化学溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症应严格适应证的选择。     

化学溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的配合

化学溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的配合同济医科大学附属协和医院廖志农化学溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症是近几年在我国开展的新技术。它具有疗效高、无创伤、治疗时间短、病人痛苦轻、无严重副作用、住院周期短等优点，可取代髓核摘除手术。我院１９９４年１２月至１９９５年...     

化学溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床分析

目的探讨化学溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法对1997至2004年6月我院应用胶原酶治疗的腰椎间盘突出652例，进行回顾分析。X线透视下用12号穿刺针穿刺到病变椎间隙，注入600～1200万U胶原酶，术后应用抗生素，绝对卧床1周。结果术后平均随访12个月，神经功能恢复症状良好达81％。结论化学溶核术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种微创、有效的治疗方法。     

髓核化学溶解术的准备与观察处理

采用髓核化学溶解术(CNL)治疗腰椎间盘突出症1300余例。取得81.9%的优良率。作者介绍了CNL的适应症、影象学检查确定注射点、CNL前的辅助用药、以及CNL后的观察与处理等。     

CT引导下射频消融髓核成形术治疗神经根型颈椎病

经皮穿刺颈椎间盘髓核成形术（Perecutaneous Cervical Disc Nucleoplasty．PCDN）是继化学溶核、经皮椎间盘切吸术、经皮激光椎间盘减压术后的又一微创技术.本院于2003年7月～2005年4月应用该技术在CT引导下治疗神经根型颈椎病31例．取得较好的临床效果．报道如下：     

腰椎胶原酶溶核术后患者硬膜外镇痛对疗效的影响

我们于1999～2003年间对CT或MRI确诊的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行胶原酶溶核术加术后硬膜外镇痛治疗，并与单纯施行胶原酶溶核术治疗比较，观察其对术后康复的影响。     

腰椎间盘突出症化学溶核术复发病例的手术治疗

1994至2002年我科手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症化学溶核术复发病例30例，本文通过对其手术治疗方法的分析，旨在为临床工作提供借鉴。     

颈椎板成形术并神经根管扩大术治疗颈椎病和颈椎外伤(附45例报告)

1989年以来作者在椎板单开式成形术的基础上,同时施行神经根管扩大术,切除钩椎关节骨赘,使之同时解除脊髓和神经根的压迫.本术式治疗45例,其中包括7例颈段外伤后颈髓损伤而导致不完全瘫痪的患者,45例获6个月～4年,平均20.4个 月的随访,其中优28例(62.2%),良13例(28.9%),改善3例(6.7%),恶化1例(2.2%).优良率91.1%.     

Pulmonary segmentectomy: results and complications

BACKGROUND: Segmentectomy is an anatomic pulmonary parenchymal-sparing resection performed for certain benign lesions and on selected patients with lung cancer. We reviewed our experience with segmentectomy in this highly select group of patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 61 patients (5% of all anatomic resections) undergoing 62 segmentectomies from 1991 to 2001. Wedge resections were excluded. The operative indications were suspected or known lung cancer (43), benign disease (12), and metastatic cancer to the lung (7). Median follow-up for patients with malignancy was 28 months (range 1 to 89 months). Actuarial survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Segmentectomy was performed in 43 lung cancer patients with pathologic stages of Ia-22, Ib-14, IIa-2, IIb-1, IIIa/IIIb-2, and IV-2. All resection margins were negative for malignancy. Segmentectomy for benign diseases included granulomatous disease (5), pulmonary abscess (2), plasmacytoma (1), and others (4). Complications occurred in 39% (24/62) of patients, including atelectasis requiring bronchoscopy (10/62, 16%), pneumonia (9/62, 14%), air leak more than 7 days (5/62, 8%), and supraventricular dysrhythmias (6/62, 10%). In-hospital mortality was 3% (2 patients). Median length of hospital stay was 6 days (range 4 to 66 days). In the lung cancer patients the locoregional recurrence rate was 0% and the distant recurrence rate was 20%. The 4-year actuarial survival for patients with lung cancer was 72%. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary segmentectomy has acceptable morbidity and mortality in selected patients with both benign and malignant lung disease and remains a useful procedure in a thoracic surgeon's armamentarium. Distant, not locoregional recurrence, was responsible for the cancer deaths.     

Partial cystectomy: and alternative to radical cystectomy? Apropos of a series of 75 patients]

From a retrospective series of 75 patients, we try to determine the place of this treatment with respect to bladder urothelial cancer. Of our 75 patients the breakdown of tumours according to their stage is the following: PTA: 16 (21.3%) PT1: 12 (16%) PT2: 21 (28%) PT3 A: 15 (20%) PT3 B: 7 (9.3%) PT4: 4 (5.4%) 47 patients benefited from a complete check up of tumoural spread which is negative in any case. In 28 cases, an uretero-vesical reimplantation was necessary for carcinologic reasons. None of the patients benefited from chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in pre or post-operative period. Mortality was 4% (3 cases) and morbidity 8% (6 cases)- Sixty two Patients were followed-up at 5 years. The results are expressed according to different carcinologic parameters. The overall rate of recurrence is 61.2% (38/62). The actuarial survival corrected at 5 years, all stages and grades included, is 53.2% (32/62). There was no recurrence in 18 patients (29%) and 29 patients preserved their bladder. The advantages of partial cystectomy are obvious: Its mortality and morbidity are weak. It also preserves the sexual function and mainly avoids resorting to urinary derivations. As a principle these indications apply to a small percentage of invasive tumours T2-T3 A located in the mobile part of the bladder that is unifocal and of small size (< 4 cms).     

Above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafts and the consequences of graft failure.

In all, 290 femoral to above-knee popliteal artery bypasses were performed between January 1983 and September 1991. PTFE grafts were used in 113 cases (39%) and vein grafts in 177 (61%) (reversed in 146 cases and in situ in 31). Patients were followed up for a median time of 20 months. The 2-, 4- and 6-year patency rates for vein and PTFE grafts were 70%, 62% and 57%, respectively, compared with 58%, 46% and 41% (no statistical difference in survival curves, P = 0.2). The 2-, 4- and 6-year limb salvage rates were 82%, 78% and 62% compared with 75%, 64% and 58% (no statistical difference in survival curves, P = 0.6). A total of 99 grafts occluded during follow-up (45 PTFE and 54 vein grafts). Major amputation was required in 63 limbs; below-knee in 37 limbs (59%), and above-knee in 26 limbs (41%). There was no statistical difference in the amputation level with respect to the graft type. Final healing at the below-knee level was achieved in 23 of 35 (66%) failed vein grafts and in 14 of 28 (50%) failed PTFE grafts.     

Fifteen years' experience with renal transplantation in systemic amyloidosis

At our center 62 renal transplantations (31 living donor and 31 cadaveric donor grafts) have been performed in 58 patients with amyloid renal disease since 1974. The amyloidosis was secondary to rheumatic disease in 74% of the patients. Predialytic transplantation was performed in 28% of the patients. Mean follow-up time was 5.1 years (0.3–14.5 years). One-year actuarial patient survival was 79%, decreasing to 65% after 5 years. First graft survival was 74% at 1 year and 62% at 5 years. Patient death with a functioning graft caused 16 out of 25 graft losses. Infections caused 11 out of 18 deaths (61%), more than half of them within 3 months. Renal transplant amyloid was diagnosed in about 10% of the cases (6/62); however, only about 3% of the grafts (2/62) were lost. These long-term results encourage transplantation in amyloid renal end-stage disease.     

中央型姑息术在重症青紫型先心病治疗中的意义（附30例报告）

为阐明中央型姑息术在重症青紫型先心病治疗中的特殊意义，对３０例接受中央型姑息术的重症青紫型先心病病儿进行回顾性研究。术前血管造影证明病儿均有肺血管发育不良。６例接受中央型分流；１８例接受姑息性右室流出道重建；６例接受复合中央型姑息术。结果术后死亡２例（６．７％），２８例生存者周围动脉氧饱和度从术前０．６２５±０．０７提高到０．８２９±０．０７、活动耐量增加，３年内１５例（５４％）二期根治成功，术中见肺血管发育明显改善。作者认为中央型姑息术操作简便，能有效促进右心室及肺动脉对称发育，同时有利于二期手术根治，适用于肺动脉发育不良的重症青紫型先心病的早期姑息及体肺分流失败后的再次姑息。     

Blunt arterial injuries associated with multiple trauma

In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of 62 patients who were treated at a tertiary care community teaching hospital between 1977 and 1987 for major arterial injury caused by blunt trauma. Nearly half (45%, 28/62) of the injuries were to the thoracic aorta, 24% (15/62) were to arteries of the head and neck, 21% (13/62) were to the arteries of the extremities, and 10% (6/62) were to abdominal arteries. Twenty-eight thoracic aortic transections were repaired, 25 with Dacron grafts and three by primary repair. One patient developed an adventitial hematoma in the thoracic aorta, which was evacuated. Two patients required nephrectomies secondary to renal artery injury. Ten patients with internal carotid artery dissection were successfully treated with anticoagulation therapy. Eight (13%) of the 62 patients died: four from exsanguination, one from cardiac tamponade, one from renal failure, one from pulmonary emboli, and one from cerebral infarction secondary to intracerebral edema. Such injuries are amenable to treatment, with patient and end-organ viability, if recognized and treated promptly by the trauma surgeon.     

Intraoperative radiation with external irradiation: an alternative for nonresectable non-small-cell lung cancer?

In 15 patients with nonresectable non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (10 squamous, 1 large cell, 4 adenocarcinomas; T1-T3, N0-N2, all M0), lymph node dissection and intraoperative irradiation of the tumour (IORT) with doses between 10 and 20 Gy (11-20 MeV electron beam) was performed. Four weeks postoperatively 46-56 Gy external irradiation (8 or 23 MeV photons) was delivered to the mediastinum and 46 Gy to the tumour-bearing area. Four weeks postoperatively, 8 minor responses (MR, tumour regression between 4% and 45%) and 6 partial responses (PR, 50%-84%) were found. In 1 case, CT was inconclusive. Eighteen weeks after IORT, volumetry showed 3 CR, 9 PR (62% to 94%) and 1 28% MR. One patient died from intrabronchial hemorrhage 7 weeks after IORT (50% PR). Two others (both CR) died from unrelated causes, 6 and 12 months, respectively, after IORT. One patient (62% PR) died after 14 months from an unknown cause. Another patient died at 15 months from local relapse after CR. The latest CT volume assessment between 7.5 and 21.5 months, respectively, yielded 8 CR, and 1 63% PR. One further case of local CR has developed contralateral pulmonary metastasis after 10 months. All these patients are alive and well. The median time elapsed since IORT is 12.5 months, 10 patients have survived more than 12 months.     

脊柱结核个体化药物治疗的临床效果观察

目的 探讨药敏试验指导下的脊柱结核个体化药物治疗的临床效果.方法 选择2005年8月至2010年1月诊治的132例脊柱结核手术患者进行结核分枝杆菌培养和药敏试验,随访超过12个月者62例纳入本研究,其中男性37例,女性25例;年龄4～67岁,平均33.6岁.患者均接受手术治疗,术中收集脓液、干酪样组织,常规处理后接种培养液,使用BACT/ALERT 3D细菌自动培养分析系统快速培养,培养阳性者采用改良罗氏培养液按绝对浓度法进行药敏试验,并根据结果制定抗结核化疗方案.术后1、3、6、9、12个月复查各1次,以后每6个月复查1次,观察临床表现及红细胞沉降率、X线片、三维CT、MRI的变化,分析局部及全身结核病转归、术区骨性融合等情况.结果 检测耗时28～58 d,平均42 d;培养阳性率45.2%(28/62).耐药率达24.2%,其中异烟肼12.9%、利福平4.8%、乙胺丁醇3.2%、链霉素9.7%、帕司烟肼6.4%、左氧氟沙星14.5%、利福喷汀1.6%.随访时间12～44个月,平均21个月.术后2周内切口愈合率98.4%(61/62).椎间植骨均获Ⅰ级骨性融合,融合时间8～12个月.结论 耐药结核形势严峻,药敏试验指导下的脊柱结核个体化药物治疗是减少复发、复治的关键.     

赛尼哌在肝移植中的应用探讨

目的研究赛尼哌在肝移植患者中应用的安全性和有效性 ,探讨其在肝移植中的合理应用方案。方法对 2 0 0 1年 3月到 2 0 0 3年 2月间 5 0例有肾功能不全或有肾功能不全高危因素的肝移植患者应用赛尼哌情况进行回顾性研究。结果与对照组相比以下时期血肌酐水平显著增高 :移植前 (12 6± 5 5 )mmol/L ,P =0 0 0 2 7;术后第 1天 (16 4± 6 0 )mmol/L ,P =0 0 0 14 ;术后第 7天(12 0± 2 8)mmol/L ,P =0 0 179。术后第 14天 (99± 2 6 )mmol/L与对照组比差异无显著意义 ,P =0 4 0 0 7。应用赛尼哌期间未见有其他重要脏器功能损害。急性排斥反应的发生率 :治疗组 6 % (3/5 0 ) ,对照组 2 9% (18/ 6 2 ) ,P =0 0 0 19。感染的发生率 :治疗组 5 6 % (2 8/ 5 0 )。对照组 5 8% (36 / 6 2 ) ;P =0 82 6。结论赛尼哌在肝移植中应用安全有效 ,有利于肾功能不全的恢复 ,不增加感染的发生率 ,不引起重要脏器功能不全。联合应用赛尼哌 ,可减低钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂 (calcineurininhibitor,CNI)的血药浓度 ,在术后早期推迟CNI的应用时间 ,同时明显减低急性排斥反应的发生率。