鱼油治疗IgA肾病的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价鱼油治疗IgA肾病的疗效,为临床实践提供理论依据.方法 计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMBASE、中国知网等数据库.文献检索起止时间均从建库至2009年9月,收集鱼油治疗IgA肾病的随机对照试验(RCT),提取资料后使用Revman软件5.0进行数据分析.结果 共纳入6个研究,包括258例对象.Meta分析结果显示,与对照组比较,鱼油组蛋白尿水平下降,差异有统计学意义[SMD=-0.27,95%CI(-0.52～-0.03),P=0.03];鱼油组肾小球滤过率(GFR)下降,差异有统计学意义[SMD=0.30,95%CI(0.05～0.55),P=0.02].结论 鱼油虽可以降低IgA肾病患者的蛋白尿,但并不能维持肾功能稳定.     

鱼油治疗IgA肾病的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价鱼油治疗IgA肾病的疗效,为临床实践提供理论依据.方法 计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、EMBASE、中国知网等数据库.文献检索起止时间均从建库至2009年9月,收集鱼油治疗IgA肾病的随机对照试验(RCT),提取资料后使用Revman软件5.0进行数据分析.结果 共纳入6个研究,包括258例对象.Meta分析结果显示,与对照组比较,鱼油组蛋白尿水平下降,差异有统计学意义[SMD=-0.27,95%CI(-0.52～-0.03),P=0.03];鱼油组肾小球滤过率(GFR)下降,差异有统计学意义[SMD=0.30,95%CI(0.05～0.55),P=0.02].结论 鱼油虽可以降低IgA肾病患者的蛋白尿,但并不能维持肾功能稳定.     

益气活血法治疗糖尿病肾病的meta分析

目的：评价口服益气活血中药在治疗糖尿病肾病（DN） 蛋白尿方面的疗效.方法：检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI,2008年-2013年）,维普中文科技期刊全文数据库（2008年-2013年）,中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM,2008年-2013年）,万方中华医学会数字化期刊（2008年-2013年）,收集口服益气活血中药与单用ACEI/ ARB,或者合用ACEI/ ARB比较,治疗糖尿病肾病的随机对照试验（RCT）.两名评价员独立评价纳入RCT的方法学质量,采用Revman4.2软件做Meta 分析.结果：纳入20篇中文RCT.3篇论文被评为B 级,17篇论文被评为C 级.5个试验采用了随机数字表法.Meta 分析结果显示：益气活血中药临床总有效率明显高于对照组（RR=1.30,95%CI（1.20,1.40）;与常规基础治疗相比,益气活血中药可明显降低尿微量蛋白排泄率（WMD=30.38,95%CI（23.04,37.71）,P〈0.000 01）;益气活血中药联合ACEI或ARB与单用ACEI或ARB比较,在降低糖尿病肾病患者尿微量蛋白排泄率无显著优势[WMD= 49.63,95%CI（-8.30,107.67）,P=0.09];益气活血中药联合ACEI/ARB与单用ACEI/ARB比较能显著降低24 h尿微量白蛋白[SMD=-1.11,95%CI（-1.75,-0.47）,P〈0.000 7];益气活血中药可明显降低24 h尿蛋白定量水平[SMD=-1.62,95%CI（-3.08,-0.16）,P=0.03〈.05].结论：益气活血中药可以减少糖尿病肾病蛋白尿.但是,研究文献的质量有待提高,该Meta 分析的可靠性受到影响.故益气活血中药在降低DN 尿蛋白方面的疗效仍需深入研究.     

中医药治疗IgA肾病的meta分析

目的:Meta分析方法评价中医药治疗IgA肾病的疗效和安全性。方法:运用Pub Med和中国知网全文数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊维普数据库(database for chinese technical periodicals,VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)检索中医药治疗IgA肾病的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCT),对符合标准的文献进行质量评价和Meta分析。结果:共收集国内9个随机对照研究,纳入642例患者,中西药组与西药组比较的总有效率、完全缓解率、部分缓解率,结果显示中西药组与西药组的总有效率差异有统计学意义[OR=2.23,95%CI(1.53,3.24),P<0.000 1]。中西药组与西药组的完全缓解率差异有统计学意义[OR=2.09,95%CI(1.40,3.13),P=0.000 3]。中西药组与西药组的部分缓解率差异无统计学意义[OR=1.26,95%CI(0.91,1.72),P=0.16]。结论:尽管本Meta分析结果肯定了中西结合在治疗IgA肾病中的肾保护作用及用药安全性方面优势,由于目前尚缺乏中医药治疗IgA肾病的大样本RCT,本研究纳入的文献数量和患者人数较少,进行评价所纳入的9篇RCT质量不高。因此尚需大样本、多中心完全随机对照的临床试验证明中医药治疗IgA肾病的疗效和安全性。     

雷公藤多苷联合泼尼松治疗成人原发性肾病综合征的有效性及安全性评价

目的:系统评价雷公藤多苷联合泼尼松治疗成人原发性肾病综合征的有效性与安全性,为临床治疗策略提供依据。方法:系统检索CBM、CNKI、维普、万方、Cochrane、Pubmed、Embase及SCI数据库,采用Cochrane协作网RCT质量评价标准评价纳入研究质量,Meta分析提取数据。结果:(1)纳入4个RCT,PNS 282例,纳入研究质量一般。(2)疗效评价:完全缓解[RR=1.29,95%CI(1.05,1.58)],两组间差异有统计学意义;部分缓解[RR=0.93,95%CI(0.67,1.30)],两组间差异无统计学意义;总体疗效[RR=1.15,95%CI(1.05,1.26)],两组间差异有统计学意义。(3)生化指标:24 h蛋白尿[SMD=-0.91,95%CI(-1.54,-0.28)],两组间差异有统计学意义;血浆白蛋白[SMD=0.42,95%CI(0.17,0.67)],两组间差异有统计学意义。(4)纳入2个研究报道复发率[RR=0.45,95%CI(0.22,0.93)],两组间差异有统计学意义。(5)纳入1个研究报道不良反应。结论:雷公藤多苷联合泼尼松治疗PNS的临床疗效优于单用泼尼松,可降低复发率,但存在一定不良反应,纳入研究可能低估其安全性。纳入研究质量一般,建议临床慎用。     

掌背侧不同入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折疗效的Meta分析

目的 :评价掌背侧不同入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的临床效果。方法 :计算机检索Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI自1966年至2014年12月发表的掌背侧不同入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折疗效的所有临床随机对照试验,提取资料,对能进行合并分析的研究用Rev Man5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入6篇随机对照试验,2篇回顾性队列研究,分为掌侧组、背侧组,掌侧组187例,背侧组204例。Meta分析结果显示:与背侧组比较掌侧组在腕关节功能恢复[SMD=0.74,95%CI(0.47,1.01),P0.000 01],Gartland-Werley评分[SMD=-1.39,95%CI(-2.24,-0.53),P=0.001],术后神经损伤[OR=3.67,95%CI(1.37,9.84),P=0.01],术后腕关节疼痛[OR=0.32,95%CI(0.13,0.74),P=0.008]方面差异具有统计学意义。但是在术后DASH评分[SMD=-0.36,95%CI(-0.97,0.26),P=0.25],术后影像学结果评估[SMD=-0.18,95%CI(-0.53,0.16),P=0.3],术后握力[SMD=0.71,95%CI(-0.12,1.54),P=0.09],术后肌腱损伤[OR=0.31,95%CI(0.10,0.98),P=0.05],术后腕管综合征[OR=0.96,95%CI(0.63,1.48),P=0.87]方面差异无统计学意义。结论 :与背侧入路钢板内固定比较掌侧入路钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折在关节功能恢复情况具有优势,但术后远期并发症多。     

关节镜手术改善半月板退行性撕裂伤疼痛的荟萃分析

目的运用META分析软件分析关节镜治疗半月板退行性损伤的效果。方法通过检索MEDLINE、PUBMED、EMBASE、WOS收录的2007~2014年相关文献,选取Jadad评分4关节镜手术治疗半月板退行性损伤的研究,获得其样本数(N)、均值(M)、方差(S),对患者膝关节的30分钟无障碍行走,行走及静息疼痛感进行短期(术后6个月)和长期(术后24个月)效果评价。结果共9个高质量符合标准的研究进入分析。关节镜手术改善半月板退行性撕裂伤疼痛评分分析:(1)短期(6个月)评分:SMD=0.32,95%CI(0.19-0.45),P=0.000,差异有统计学意义;欧洲人群分析SMD=0.31,95%CI(0.11-0.52),P=0.003,差异有统计学意义;亚洲人群分析SMD=0.32,95%CI(0.15-0.49),P=0.000,差异有统计学意义。(2)长期(24个月)评分:SMD=0.10,95%CI(-0.03-0.24),P=0.125,差异无统计学意义;欧洲人群分析SMD=0.22,95%CI(0.03-0.41),P=0.021,差异有统计学意义;亚洲人群分析SMD=-0.01,95%CI(-0.20-0.17),P=0.880,差异无统计学意义。结论关节镜手术治疗半月板退行性损伤能短期改善关节功能及疼痛,长期来看并不能改善关节功能及疼痛。     

音乐干预联合常规护理在重度烧伤成年患者中的应用效果的Meta分析

目的:对音乐干预联合常规护理治疗重度烧伤成年患者的有效性进行系统评价。方法:计算机检索包括英文数据库[PubMed、EMbase、Medline、TheCochraneLibrary(2019年10期)]和中文数据库(中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普和万方),同时检索中国临床试验注册中心(www.chictr.org.cn),收集关于音乐干预联合常规护理治疗重度烧伤成年患者的随机对照试验(Randomizedcontrolledtrial,RCT)。检索时间均从建库至2019年10月。采用RevMan5.4统计软件进行数据合并分析。结果:纳入研究包括10项RCT,患者共计758例。Meta分析结果显示:(1)疼痛:相比对照组,试验组患者疼痛改善更加显著,差异具有统计学意义[SMD=-0.99,95%CI(-1.70,-0.28),P=0.006];(2)情绪:试验组患者焦虑[SMD=-1.03,95%CI(-1.79,-0.26),P=0.009]、抑郁[SMD=-0.60,95%CI(-1.00,-0.20),P=0.003]情绪较对照组明显缓解,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)血压:治疗后两组血压较治疗前均有所降低,但组间比较治疗前后血压改变均不明显,收缩压[SMD=-0.47,95%CI(-1.07,0.13),P=0.12]、舒张压[SMD=-0.44,95%CI(-0.95,0.07),P=0.09]),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)心率:两组患者治疗前后心率改变均不明显[SMD=-0.56,95%CI(-1.14,0.02),P=0.06],差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:当前证据表明,音乐干预联合常规治疗重度烧伤成年患者治疗效果较常规治疗有一定优势,且能够改善患者疼痛,缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪,帮助维持血压、心率的平稳。鉴于纳入研究的局限性,上述结论有待进一步验证。     

颈椎间盘置换与颈前路减压植骨融合治疗单节段颈椎病中期疗效的Meta分析

【摘要】 目的：通过和颈前路减压植骨融合（ACDF）术对比,评价颈椎间盘置换（cervical disc arthroplasty,CDA）治疗单节段颈椎病的中期疗效。方法：计算机检索2013年10月1日以前PubMed、Medline、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）和万方数据库中关于CDA与ACDF比较治疗单节段颈椎病的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trials,RCT）且随访时间≥4年的文献,纳入文献的方法学质量采用改良Jadad量表评价,提取各研究中的术后末次随访时颈部功能障碍指数（neck disability index,NDI）、SF-36评分、颈痛和上肢痛VAS评分、神经功能改善率、手术节段活动度、手术节段和邻近节段再手术率、术后总并发症发生率等指标,并将这些研究的数据通过Review Manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析与综合。结果：共纳入7篇文献、1622例患者,随访时间4~5年,CDA组826例,ACDF组796例。7篇纳入文献的方法学质量评分为4~6分,其中4分2篇,5分3篇,6分2篇。Meta分析结果显示：CDA与ACDF比较,术后中期（术后4~5年）的神经功能改善率[相对危险度（RR）=1.04,95%CI（1.00,1.09）,P=0.07]、颈痛VAS评分[标准化均数差（SMD）=-0.12,95%CI（-0.27,0.04）,P=0.13] 和总并发症发生率[RR=1.06,95%CI（0.57,1.96）,P=0.86]差异无统计学意义。与ACDF比较,CDA术后中期SF-36评分较优[SMD=0.24,95%CI（0.08,0.39）,P=0.003]、手术节段活动度较大[SMD=7.38,95%CI（5.87,8.89）,P<0.00001]、NDI较低[SMD=-0.26,95%CI（-0.40,-0.13）,P=0.0002]、上肢痛VAS评分较低[SMD=-0.17,95%CI（-0.33,0.02）,P=0.03]、手术节段再手术率较低[（RR=0.48,95%CI（0.31,0.75）,P=0.001]、邻近节段再手术率较低[RR=0.60,95%CI（0.37,0.98）,P=0.04]。结论：CDA治疗单节段颈椎病的中期疗效优于ACDF。     

利妥昔单抗治疗难治性肾病综合征疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价利妥昔单抗对于难治性肾病综合征的有效性。方法通过检索EMBASE、Cochrane library、Pubmed、CNKI、万方和维普数据库,依据纳入标准及排除标准筛选利妥昔单抗治疗难治性肾病综合征的临床试验文献,检索时间从数据库建库至2020年1月,由2名评价者对文献进行筛选及质量评价,采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果一共纳入7篇文献,共409例患者。Meta分析结果显示,利妥昔单抗治疗难治性肾病综合征的患者缓解率高于对照组[RR=1.68,95%CI(1.16,2.42),P0.05],且能够有效升高患者血清白蛋白(SMD=0.80,95%CI 0.27～1.34,P0.05],但是对于患者尿蛋白[SMD=-0.71,95%CI(-1.45,0.03),P0.05]、血肌酐[SMD=0.18,95%CI(-0.20,0.56),P0.05]、估算肾小球滤过率[SMD=0.05,95%CI(-0.72,0.82),P0.05]无明显改善效果。结论利妥昔单抗对难治性肾病综合征有一定作用,可以成为难治性肾病综合征的替代药物,但是其疗效仍需更多高质量临床试验的证实。     

鱼油脂肪乳对胃肠道肿瘤患者术后免疫功能影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价鱼油脂肪乳对胃肠道肿瘤患者术后免疫功能的影响。 方法检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、中国知网、重庆维普、万方数据库中有关鱼油脂肪乳对胃肠道肿瘤患者术后免疫功能影响的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2017年12月1日。采用改良Jadad评分量表对所选文献进行质量评价,并用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果共13篇文献965例患者纳入研究,其中试验组（鱼油组）488例,对照组（非鱼油组）477例。Meta分析结果显示：试验组患者术后血清IgA、IgG、IgM水平均明显高于对照组（SMD=2.14,95% CI=1.05~3.23,P=0.000 1;SMD=3.23,95% CI=1.78~4.69,P<0.000 1;SMD=2.40,95% CI=1.17~3.63,P<0.000 01）。试验组患者术后CD4⁺/CD8⁺细胞比例显著高于对照组（SMD=0.47,95% CI=0.31~0.62,P<0.000 01）。而试验组术后血清C反应蛋白（CRP）水平以及术后感染性并发症的发生率明显低于对照组（SMD=-9.29,95% CI= -12.02~ -6.55,P<0.000 01;RR=0.30,95% CI=0.17~0.54,P<0.000 1）。 结论消化道肿瘤患者术后鱼油脂肪乳干预能增强患者术后免疫功能,减轻术后炎性反应,降低术后感染性并发症发生率。     

Short-term effects of fish oil treatment on urinary excretion of high- and low-molecular weight proteins in patients with IgA nephropathy

AIMS: Recently, it was shown that fish oil treatment improved renal survival in patients with IgA nephropathy. The precise mechanisms of this protective effect remained unclear. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), important active substances of fish oil, are able to attenuate inflammatory responses. Thus, the renoprotective effects of fish oil may be the result of mitigation of glomerular or tubulo-interstitial inflammation. We hypothesized that such a decrease in glomerular or tubulo-interstitial inflammation could result in an improvement of glomerular permselectivity as reflected by the urinary excretion of IgG, or of tubular reabsorption capacity as reflected by the urinary excretion of low-molecular weight proteins (LMWPs), or a decrease of the excretion of the inflammatory mediators MCP-1 and TNF-alpha. METHODS: Twelve patients with a biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy, a persistent proteinuria of > 0.5 g/24 h, and an impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance 44 ml/min/1.73 m2, range 19-72) were treated with fish oil for 6 months. The daily dosage of PUFAs amounted to 3.0 g. Before start of treatment (month 0), at the end of treatment (month 6), and 6 months off treatment (month 12), renal measurements were carried out. Creatinine clearance (ECC) was measured after pretreatment with cimetidine. In timed urine samples albumin, IgG, the LMWPs beta2-microglobulin and alpha1-microglobulin, and both MCP-1 and TNF-alpha were measured. RESULTS: Six months of fish oil treatment had no effect on creatinine clearance (44 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs 42 ml/min/1.73 m2), the urinary excretion of albumin (1,594 +/- 284 vs 1,370 +/- 337 microg/min), IgG (84 +/- 16 vs 82 +/- 20 microg/min), beta2-microglobulin (medians: 1.0 vs 0.8 microg/min), alpha1-microglobulin (38 +/- 9 vs 53 +/- 15 microg/min), MCP-1 (medians: 720 vs 782 microg/min), or TNF-alpha (medians: 31 vs 27 microg/min). Mean arterial pressure gradually decreased from 102 +/- 4 to 96 +/- 4 mmHg at the end of the treatment (n.s.), however, the lowest value was observed after fish oil had been stopped for 6 months (93 +/- 3 mmHg, p < 0.05). Changes in the excretion of the urinary proteins during the 12-month study period were correlated to changes in blood pressure (r = 0.57, p < 0.01), independent of fish oil treatment. The course of the disease over the 12-month study period in our fish oil-treated patients was comparable to that of an untreated control group. CONCLUSIONS: Fish oil treatment in patients with IgA nephropathy, renal insufficiency and proteinuria did not affect the excretion of low- or high-molecular weight proteins, MCP-1 or TNF-alpha. Our data do not provide arguments for beneficial effects of fish oil treatment on glomerular permselectivity of tubulo-interstitial inflammation.     

The long-term outcome of patients with IgA nephropathy treated with fish oil in a controlled trial. Mayo Nephrology Collaborative Group.

It was reported previously that dietary fish oil supplementation retarded the progression of renal disease in patients with IgA nephropathy in a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, 2-yr clinical trial. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term influence of fish oil treatment on renal progression in observations on the study cohort of 106 patients extending beyond the 2-yr trial. Renal function was assessed by serial serum creatinine and 24-h urine protein measurements. Vital, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and BP status and treatment beyond completion of the 2-yr trial were determined. As in the trial, the primary end point was an increase of 50% or more in the serum creatinine, and the secondary end point was ESRD. After a mean follow-up of 6.4 yr, 46 patients-17 in the fish oil group versus 29 in the placebo group-reached the primary end point (P = 0.002), and 27 patients-eight in the fish oil group versus 19 in the placebo group-developed ESRD (P = 0.009). At the end of the 2-yr trial, 75 patients (45 fish oil, 30 placebo) remained at risk for the primary end point. This is also when the double-blind part of the trial ended, allowing physicians to stop supplements, switch original placebo-assigned patients to fish oil, and continue fish oil in original fish oil-assigned patients. A significantly greater number of nonsupplemented placebo patients developed the primary end point (P = 0.02) and ESRD (P = 0.003) compared with long-term supplemented fish oil patients. Conversely, more fish oil-supplemented patients had stable renal function than nonsupplemented patients (P = 0.02). By intention, BP control, primarily treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, was equal in the fish oil and placebo groups. Proteinuria was modestly reduced in both groups. It is concluded that early and prolonged treatment with fish oil slows renal progression for high-risk patients with IgA nephropathy.     

帕立骨化醇对慢性肾脏病患者肾小球滤过率及尿蛋白影响的Meta分析

目的 系统评价帕立骨化醇对非透析慢性肾脏病患者估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)及尿蛋白的影响.方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、万方、CNKI、维普等数据库,检索时限均为建库至2014年3月;手工检索美国肾脏病学会、世界肾脏病大会、中华医学会肾脏病学分会年会的会议论文、摘要等.纳入帕立骨化醇对非透析肾脏病患者eGFR及尿蛋白影响的临床随机对照试验研究.由两名评价员独立对纳入的文献进行质量评价和数据提取,用Rev Man 5.2软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入7项随机对照试验,共834例患者(其中试验组508例,安慰剂组326例).Meta分析结果显示,与安慰剂组比较,小剂量组(帕立骨化醇＜2 μg/d)对慢性肾脏病患者eGFR的影响差异无统计学意义[标准均数差(SMD)为-0.10,95％CI:-0.28 ～ 0.07,P=0.26];大剂量组(帕立骨化醇2μg/d)eGFR下降差异有统计学意义[SMD=-0.45,95％CI:-0.63-0.27,P＜0.01].与安慰剂组比较,大小剂量组均有降尿蛋白作用[OR(95％CI):2.09(1.52～2.58),P＜0.01],大小剂量组组间降尿蛋白作用的差异无统计学意义[OR(95％CI):1.09(0.62～ 1.91),P=0.77].与安慰剂组比较,小剂量组[OR (95％CI):0.93 (0.57～1.52),P=0.76]和大剂量组[0R(95％CI):2.08 (0.70～ 6.18),P=0.19]均未显著增加不良事件发生率.结论 小剂量帕立骨化醇可减少非透析慢性肾脏病患者尿蛋白,同时对eGFR无影响.大剂量帕立骨化醇(2μg/d)无进一步减少尿蛋白的疗效,且可能带来eGFR下降风险.     

富血小板血浆与透明质酸治疗膝骨性关节炎的荟萃分析

[目的]比较关节腔内注射富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)和透明质酸(hyahronic acid,HA)治疗膝关节骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)的临床疗效.[方法]系统检索Cochrane、PubMed和Embase数据库中截至2020年12月所有关节腔内注...     

Corticosteroid therapy in IgA nephropathy

The benefits and risks of steroids for the treatment of IgA nephropathy remain uncertain. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for randomized, controlled trials of corticosteroid therapy for IgA nephropathy published between 1966 and March 2011. We identified nine relevant trials that included 536 patients who had urinary protein excretion >1 g/d and normal renal function. Forty-six (8.6%) of these patients developed a kidney failure event, defined as doubling of the serum creatinine/halving of the GFR or ESRD. Overall, steroid therapy was associated with a lower risk for kidney failure (relative risk, 0.32 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.67]; P=0.002) and a reduction in proteinuria (weighted mean difference, -0.46 g/d [95% CI, -0.63 to -0.29 g/d]), with no evidence of heterogeneity in these outcomes. Subgroup analysis suggested that the dose modifies the effect of steroids for renal protection (P for heterogeneity=0.030): Relatively high-dose and short-term therapy (prednisone >30 mg/d or high-dose pulse intravenous methylprednisolone with duration ≤1 year) produced significant renal protection, whereas low-dose, long-term steroid use did not. Steroid therapy was associated with a 55% higher risk for adverse events. The quality of included studies was low, however, limiting the generalizability of the results. In conclusion, steroids appear to provide renal protection in patients with IgA nephropathy but increase the risk for adverse events. Reliably defining the efficacy and safety of steroids in IgA nephropathy requires a high-quality trial with a large sample size.     

Development and validation of a noninvasive diagnostic model for IgA nephropathy

Objective To explore the development and clinical application value of Nomogram model, a noninvasive early diagnosis model, in IgA nephropathy. Methods The clinical data of 712 patients with primary glomerular disease diagnosed by renal histopathological examination in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University during October 1, 2010 to August 31, 2019 were collected retrospectively, including 241 cases of IgA nephropathy and 471 cases of non-IgA nephropathy. According to the time of case inclusion, the patients were divided into the training set (n=426, 156 cases of IgA nephropathy and 270 cases of non-IgA nephropathy) and the validation set (n=286, 85 cases of IgA nephropathy and 201 cases of non-IgA nephropathy). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression equations were used to analyze the risk factors for diagnosing IgA nephropathy in patients of training set. Nomogram model for noninvasive diagnosis of IgA nephropathy was established according to the akichi information criteria (AIC) and applied to the validation set for validation. The discriminant degree, calibration degree and clinical practicability of the model were verified and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. Results Multivariate logistic regression results showed that the age (OR=0.966, 95%CI 0.947-0.985, P=0.001), IgA/C3 ratio (OR=1.889, 95%CI 1.468-2.432, P＜0.001), serum albumin (OR=1.091, 95%CI 1.047-1.136, P＜0.001), total cholesterol (OR=0.810, 95%CI 0.694-0.946, P=0.008), and gross hematuria (OR=6.858, 95%CI 1.867-25.189, P=0.004) of patients with primary glomerular disease were independent factors for the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. Nomogram diagnostic model was constructed based on the above indicators, and the areas under ROC curve were 0.880 and 0.887 respectively in the training set and the validation set. The calibration curve showed that the predicted probability of the model was in good agreement with the actual probability. DCA showed that the safety and clinical net benefit of the model were higher. Conclusions The Nomogram model has high accuracy and clinical practicality in diagnosing IgA nephropathy, and can be used for noninvasive and early diagnosis of IgA nephropathy to enable patients to receive early treatment.     

肾功能不全的IgA肾病患者临床表现与病理特点分析

目的分析肾脏活体组织检查（简称：肾活检）时肾功能异常的IgA肾病患者的临床表现与病理特点。方法选择我院经肾活检确诊的190例IgA肾病患者为研究对象,以其患者血肌酐（SCr）130μmol／L为界分为2组：肾功能正常组（SCr〈130μmol／L）128例和肾功能异常组（SCr≥130μmol／L）62例。同时对其肾脏病理进行半定量评分,比较2组患者的临床病理特点,并且通过回归分析与其肾功损害相关的因素。结果与肾功能正常组相比,肾功能异常组男性比例明显增高（72．6％1;L28．9％,P〈0．01）,年龄更大[（34±10）岁比（30±9）岁,P〈0．01],病程更短[（11±17）]个月比（20±41）个月],同时收缩压更高[（141±19）比（123±17）mmHg,P〈0．01],24h尿蛋白定量增多[（3．31±2．70）g比（2．25±2．19）g,P〈0．01]。同时其患者肾脏病理反映慢性病变的指数均明显增高。多因素分析还显示,与肾活检时肾功能异常密切相关的危险因素包括男性,年龄增大,收缩压增高,24h尿蛋白定量增多,以及肾小管萎缩和间质纤维化指数增高。结论肾活检时肾功能异常的IgA。肾病患者临床表现和肾脏病理改变均明显加重,肾小管萎缩和间质纤维化指数增高与IgA肾病患者肾活检时肾功能异常独立相关。