手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性深静脉血栓的临床分析

目的 总结手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性髂股深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床经验.方法 2008年10月至2010年12月,15例急性DVT患者接受手术取栓联合同侧髂静脉腔内支架植入术.男性6例,女性9例;年龄36～71岁,平均57.4岁.DVT位于左股、髂及下腔静脉内2例,双侧髂静脉1例,其余12例均在左髂股静脉.所有患者表现患肢明显肿胀,其中12例伴有患肢疼痛.DVT发病时间平均为3.3 d.诱发DVT的原因包括外科手术6例,DVT复发2例,其余7例病因不清.并发症包括消化道出血1例,胃溃疡1例,高血压3例,脑梗死1例.取栓之前均先经右股静脉穿刺植入下腔静脉滤器(包括1例双髂静脉血栓患者),取栓之后术中造影均发现髂静脉受压致重度狭窄或完全闭塞,均先行球囊血管成形后植入自膨式支架.结果 术中造影证实髂静脉压迫综合征12例,取栓后残留狭窄3例.共植入18枚自膨式支架,手术成功率15/15,30 d病死率为0;1例术后伤口出现血肿,保守治疗后痊愈.12例获得随访,随访时间为2～26个月,平均13.3个月.所有患者疼痛消失,仅2例表现为活动后患肢轻度肿胀.所有患者均未出现血栓复发.结论 手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性DVT安全有效,早期临床结果满意,并发症发生率低.     

手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性深静脉血栓的临床分析

目的 总结手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性髂股深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床经验.方法 2008年10月至2010年12月,15例急性DVT患者接受手术取栓联合同侧髂静脉腔内支架植入术.男性6例,女性9例;年龄36～71岁,平均57.4岁.DVT位于左股、髂及下腔静脉内2例,双侧髂静脉1例,其余12例均在左髂股静脉.所有患者表现患肢明显肿胀,其中12例伴有患肢疼痛.DVT发病时间平均为3.3 d.诱发DVT的原因包括外科手术6例,DVT复发2例,其余7例病因不清.并发症包括消化道出血1例,胃溃疡1例,高血压3例,脑梗死1例.取栓之前均先经右股静脉穿刺植入下腔静脉滤器(包括1例双髂静脉血栓患者),取栓之后术中造影均发现髂静脉受压致重度狭窄或完全闭塞,均先行球囊血管成形后植入自膨式支架.结果 术中造影证实髂静脉压迫综合征12例,取栓后残留狭窄3例.共植入18枚自膨式支架,手术成功率15/15,30 d病死率为0;1例术后伤口出现血肿,保守治疗后痊愈.12例获得随访,随访时间为2～26个月,平均13.3个月.所有患者疼痛消失,仅2例表现为活动后患肢轻度肿胀.所有患者均未出现血栓复发.结论 手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性DVT安全有效,早期临床结果满意,并发症发生率低.     

腔内治疗髂静脉梗阻合并急性深静脉血栓的临床经验

目的探讨腔内治疗髂静脉梗阻合并急性深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的临床效果。方法 2008年10月～2011年9月,19例急性DVT接受手术取栓联合同侧髂静脉腔内支架置入术。DVT位于左髂-股静脉及下腔静脉3例,双侧髂-股静脉2例,其余14例均在左髂静脉。均有患肢明显肿胀,其中12例伴患肢疼痛。DVT发病时间(3.2±1.3)d。取栓前均先置入下腔静脉滤器,取栓后即刻静脉造影发现髂静脉狭窄者先行球囊扩张再置入自膨式支架。结果 18例取栓后造影示髂静脉狭窄,其中髂静脉压迫综合征(iliac vein compression syndrome,IVCS)15例(78.9%),残留狭窄3例;1例未发现髂静脉狭窄。18例有狭窄者共置入22枚自膨式支架,手术均获成功。1例术后伤口血肿。随访16例,随访时间2～26个月(平均10.3月),疼痛症状均消失,2例行走后下肢轻度肿胀,均未出现血栓复发。结论腔内治疗髂静脉梗阻合并急性DVT安全、有效,早期临床结果满意。     

手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗Cockett综合征并发急性深静脉血栓的临床疗效分析

目的总结手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗Cockett综合征并发急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的治疗经验与临床疗效。方法 2008年10月至2012年3月,我院对23例Cockett综合征并发急性下肢DVT患者进行经股静脉切开取栓联合同侧髂静脉腔内介入治疗。男8例,女15例;年龄36~76岁,平均59.3岁。血栓累及左侧髂股静脉者21例,累及右侧髂股静脉者2例。患肢表现为明显肿胀、疼痛,术前经血管超声诊断明确髂股静脉血栓形成。手术取栓前均先置入下腔静脉滤器,取栓后经同侧股动脉顺行造影确诊Cockett综合征,对髂静脉重度狭窄段介入治疗。结果手术成功率为100%,共植入28枚自膨式血管支架。1例术后伤口出现血肿,经保守治疗治愈。随访时间为3~26个月,平均11.7个月,患者均未出现血栓复发。采用生活质量调查问卷形式对患者进行评价,21例患者符合治愈标准;2例患者符合治疗好转标准。结论手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗Cockett综合征合并急性DVT的方法安全、有效,早期临床结果满意,长期效果有待于进一步研究。     

复合手术治疗Cockett综合征并发急性深静脉血栓的临床疗效

目的总结复合手术治疗Cockett综合征并发急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的治疗经验与临床疗效。方法 2008年10月至2012年3月期间,我院对23例Cockett综合征并发急性下肢DVT患者进行经股静脉切开取栓联合同侧髂静脉腔内介入治疗。男8例,女15例;年龄36～76岁,平均59.3岁。血栓累及左侧髂股静脉者21例,累及右侧髂股静脉者2例。患肢表现为明显肿胀、疼痛,术前经血管超声诊断明确髂股静脉血栓形成。DVT发病时间平均为2.53 d。所有手术采用全身麻醉,取栓前均先植入下腔静脉滤器,取栓后经同侧股静脉顺行造影确诊Cokket综合征,对髂静脉重度狭窄段介入治疗,共置入28枚自膨式血管支架。结果 23例病例手术成功率为100%,1例术后伤口出现血肿。术中出血量为150～750 ml,平均300 ml。随访时间为3～26个月,平均11.7个月,所有患者均未出现血栓复发。采用生活质量调查问卷形式对患者进行随访,21例患者治愈,临床症状完全消失;2例患者好转,术后存留轻度下肢肿胀。结论复合手术治疗Cockett综合征合并急性DVT的方法安全、有效,早期临床结果满意,并发症发生率低。     

手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性深静脉血栓的临床分析

目的 总结手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性髂股深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床经验.方法 2008年10月至2010年12月,15例急性DVT患者接受手术取栓联合同侧髂静脉腔内支架植入术.男性6例,女性9例;年龄36～71岁,平均57.4岁.DVT位于左股、髂及下腔静脉内2例,双侧髂静脉1例,其余12例均在左髂股静脉.所有患者表现患肢明显肿胀,其中12例伴有患肢疼痛.DVT发病时间平均为3.3 d.诱发DVT的原因包括外科手术6例,DVT复发2例,其余7例病因不清.并发症包括消化道出血1例,胃溃疡1例,高血压3例,脑梗死1例.取栓之前均先经右股静脉穿刺植入下腔静脉滤器(包括1例双髂静脉血栓患者),取栓之后术中造影均发现髂静脉受压致重度狭窄或完全闭塞,均先行球囊血管成形后植入自膨式支架.结果 术中造影证实髂静脉压迫综合征12例,取栓后残留狭窄3例.共植入18枚自膨式支架,手术成功率15/15,30 d病死率为0;1例术后伤口出现血肿,保守治疗后痊愈.12例获得随访,随访时间为2～26个月,平均13.3个月.所有患者疼痛消失,仅2例表现为活动后患肢轻度肿胀.所有患者均未出现血栓复发.结论 手术取栓联合腔内介入治疗急性DVT安全有效,早期临床结果满意,并发症发生率低.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of surgical venous thrombectomy and simultaneous stenting in patients with acute, symptomatic iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis ( DVT) .Methods From October 2008 to December 2010, a total of 15 patients with acute symptomatic DVT underwent combined surgical venous thrombectomy and endovascular stenting in ipsilateral iliac vein. There were 6 male and 9 female patients, with a mean age of 57. 4 years ( ranging from 36 to 71 years) . All patients underwent Duplex ultrasonography for diagnosis of DVT. The location of thrombosis was femoroiliocaval vein in 2 cases, bilateral iliac vein in 1 case and left iliofemoral vein in 12 cases. All patients had leg swelling and 12 cases had severe leg pain. The mean time of symptomatic DVT occurring at operation was 3. 3 d. The factors related to DVT were operation in 6 cases, DVT reoccur in 2 cases. Coexist diseases were digestive tract bleeding in 1 case, gastric ulcer in 1 case, hypertension in 3 cases and 1 case had cerebral infarction. The inferior vena cava filter was inserted before thrombectomy, iliac vein compression and residual stensosis were treated with a self-expandable stent after thrombectomy. Results Intraoperative venography showed severe venous stenosis in all patients including 80% of iliac vein compression syndrome, 18 self-expandable stents were inserted successfully, the procedural successful rate was 100% , the 30-day mortality rate was 0. One case was suffered from hematoma at incision after operation.3 patients were lost during follow-up. Median follow-up was 10. 3 months ( ranging from 2 to 26 months). There was no case of re-thrombosis. Leg pain was disappeared in all cases and only 2 patients showed slight leg swelling after excise. Conclusion Combined surgical thrombectomy and endovascular treatment for patients with acute symptomatic iliofemoral venous thrombosis is an effective and safe technique with low morbidity and good clinical results.     

Angiojet清栓联合髂静脉腔内成形一期治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓合并髂静脉压迫综合征的疗效分析

目的探讨Angiojet机械清栓联合髂静脉腔内成形一期治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)合并髂静脉压迫综合征(IVCS)的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2017年7月我科采用Angiojet机械吸栓,辅助尿激酶溶栓(PCDT)及选择性导管吸栓,并一期髂静脉球囊扩张、支架植入等腔内成形术治疗急性下肢DVT伴IVCS 18例患者,所有患者术前均植入下腔静脉临时滤器,术后取出。术后1、3、6、12个月门诊随访,彩超或下肢静脉CT复查深静脉及支架血流通畅情况。结果深静脉血栓中央型7例,混合型11例;技术成功率100%,手术时间平均(105.32±25.46)分钟;血栓抽吸时间108~480秒,平均(301.24±56.52)秒。血栓清除率Ⅲ级14例,Ⅱ级4例。1例滤器捕获血栓,无症状性肺栓塞、严重出血等并发症发生。术后均出现一过性血红蛋白尿。平均随访(5.56±2.78)个月,2例Ⅱ级清栓患者术后1个月内股静脉不完全栓塞(1例抗凝好转,另1例复发血栓再次手术),1例肿瘤患者半年后髂静脉支架闭塞,余15例下肢深静脉及髂静脉支架内血流通畅。结论急性下肢DVT合并IVCS患者,Angiojet清栓同期联合髂静脉腔内成形治疗方法高效、安全,对于血栓负荷大、管壁残留血栓明显的患者建议辅助导管溶栓治疗。     

下腔静脉滤器植入联合股静脉切开取栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成：附12例报告

目的：探讨急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的有效治疗方法。
方法：回顾性分析近1年多来下肢深静脉血栓形成病程≤72 h的12例患者的临床资料,12例均采取急诊行永久性下腔静脉滤器植入及患肢股静脉切开Fogarty导管取栓术,术后给予抗凝、溶栓、袪聚等治疗。
结果：所有患者均成功植入下腔静脉滤器,术中取出髂股静脉血栓,术后经抗凝、溶栓治疗,患肢肿胀均明显消退。
结论：下腔静脉滤器植入联合股静脉切开取栓术可有效预防急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者的肺栓塞,并可提高临床治疗的疗效。

     

Aspirex机械清栓治疗创伤后急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床疗效

背景与目的 下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）行早期血栓清除减容可恢复静脉通畅及缓解症状,目前AngioJet是国内最常用的静脉血栓清除系统,而Aspirex应用较少,本研究探讨Aspirex机械血栓清除治疗在创伤后急性DVT患者中的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2016年5月—2020年8月在北京积水潭医院血管外科收治的54例创伤后急性DVT患者的病例资料。所有患者行下腔静脉可回收滤器置入术,其中有Dneali 35例（64.8%）、Celect 3例（5.6%）、Cordis 14例（25.9%）、Octoparms及临时滤器（贝朗）各1例（1.9%）。患者创伤经手术及固定治疗后均行彩超检查或造影明确为髂股静脉及下腔静脉血栓形成。其中,22例（40.7%）为髂股静脉血栓、4例（7.4%）为髂及下腔静脉血栓、11例（20.4%）为下腔静脉血栓、17例（31.5%）为股髂静脉及下腔静脉血栓。所有患者在局麻下行经腘静脉或股静途径Straub Aspirex机械血栓清除手术（PMT）,术中联合导管取栓（MAT）、导管接触性溶栓（CDT）、髂静脉球囊扩张及髂静脉支架置入术。统计技术成功率、即刻临床成功率（症状缓解率）、围手术期出血发生率及术后滤器取出率。术后随访1年,超声评价目标静脉通畅率及血栓后综合征（PTS）的发生率。结果 54例患者中,3例（5.6%）行单纯机械血栓清除手术,17例（31.5%）行血栓清除联合导管取栓术,3例（5.6%）行血栓清除联合置管溶栓术,18例（33.3%）行血栓清除联合导管取栓及置管溶栓术,12例（22.2%）行血栓清除联合导管取栓及髂静脉球囊扩张术,1例（1.9%）行血栓清除联合导管取栓及支架置入术。技术成功率及即刻临床成功率均为100%。12例（22.2%）血栓III级清除,33例（61.1%）为II级清除,9例（16.7%）为I级清除,血栓清除成功率为83.3%。围手术期1例（1.9%）出现脑出血,给予停止溶栓及抗凝,2周复查头颅CT见血肿吸收,无后遗症;2例（3.7%）出现鼻出血及穿刺点血肿,给予压迫后缓解,无症状性肺栓塞及死亡等发生。滤器留置时间为（61.4±84.8）d,51例（94.4%）患者尝试行滤器取出,所有患者均成功取出。术后无血栓复发,术后1年PTS的发生率为33.3%,目标静脉通畅率为75.9%。结论 对于创伤后急性髂股及下腔静脉DVT患者,应用Aspirex机械血栓清除疗效显著,较为安全可靠,与导管吸栓、CDT、髂静脉球囊扩张及支架置入结合应用可改善静脉通畅率。     

血管腔内治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 探讨下肢深静脉血栓的介入联合手术的血管腔内治疗方法.方法 76例下肢深静脉血栓形成的患者,在数字减影血管造影术(digtal subtraction angiography,DSA)监视下行下腔静脉滤器置入,采用手术取栓,辅以临时性股动静脉瘘,取栓后即刻造影观察有无血栓残留及髂静脉病变情况.残留血栓在DSA监视下用双腔取栓管取栓或大的鞘管吸栓.对髂静脉狭窄大于60%的患者予以血管成形术,其中62例置入髂静脉支架.结果 支架置入技术成功率100%,1例死于腰升静脉破裂出血.71例患者得到随访,其中髂静脉支架患者60例,随访3～30个月,平均随访21个月.65例下肢肿胀明显缓解,发现血栓复发6例(8.45%,6/71)其中支架内血栓形成4例(6.66%,4/60),支架移位6例(10.0%,6/60),支架断裂1例(1.66%,1/60).结论 在DSA监视下,取栓联合髂静脉支架置入可提高取栓后静脉通畅率,是治疗下肢深静脉血栓的重要方法.     

Endovaskuläre Behandlung akuter und chronischer Beckenvenenverschlüsse

In the past, open surgical techniques such as thrombectomy and bypasses were the treatments of choice for acute and chronic venous occlusive disease of the iliocaval vein segments, but the results were often disappointing. With the introduction of endovascular techniques in the 1990s, open techniques were widely replaced by endovascular interventions. Proper preoperative imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance phlebography has become an important part of procedure planning, but phlebography by direct puncture with contrast injection in the immediate proximity of the iliofemoral segment is still the most informative diagnostic method. Catheter-directed thrombolysis with recanalization and stenting of underlying chronic obstructions is becoming the treatment of choice for patients with acute iliofemoral thrombosis, as conservative treatment is not satisfactory for preventing postthrombotic syndrome. Recanalization of chronic iliac vein occlusions with balloon angioplasty and stenting can reestablish normal venous flow in the iliac veins and inferior vena cava and relieve symptoms in the majority of treated patients. New treatment modalities offer stimulating options for patients not treated adequately either by medical or open surgical therapy.     

Surgical thrombectomy followed by intraoperative endovascular reconstruction for symptomatic ilio-femoral venous thrombosis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical thrombectomy combined with endovascular reconstruction for acute ilio-femoral/caval venous thrombosis. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients with acute, symptomatic ilio-femoral/-caval thrombosis underwent valve-preserving thrombectomy with immediate endovascular repair between October 1996 and October 2003. Thrombectomy was classified by intraoperative venography as: TYPE I=complete, TYPE II=partial, TYPE III=complete with stenosis other than thrombus, TYPE IV=permanent occlusion. TYPEs I and IV were excluded from this analysis because endovascular repair was not performed. RESULTS: Left-sided venous thrombosis predominated (90%). Lesions were located in the common iliac vein (85%), the external iliac vein (10%), and the inferior vena cava (5%). Three TYPE II lesions and 17 TYPE III lesions (11 spurs, one hypoplasia, one fibrosis, one haematoma, and three others) were diagnosed. Catheter-directed recanalisation (thrombectomy/thrombolysis) resolved TYPE II lesions in three patients. Balloon angioplasty (one patient), iliac stenting (15 patients [two with thrombolysis]), and caval stenting (one patient) were employed in TYPE III stenoses. No serious complication or death occurred. Mean follow-up was 21 months. Of 20 patients clinical results were excellent in 18 patients who maintained patency of their reconstructed iliac veins. Primary and secondary patency rates were 80 and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Ilio-caval venous obstructions detected intraoperatively can be reconstructed in a one-stage combined procedure. The specific endovascular approach depends on the type of residual venous obstruction. Excellent mid-term results indicate that the proposed thrombectomy classification (TYPE I-IV) and treatment algorithm optimises the results in selected patients with symptomatic venous thrombosis.     

Treatment of May-Thurner syndrome with catheter-directed thrombolysis and stent placement, complicated by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

May-Thurner syndrome is an uncommon process in which the right common iliac artery compresses the left common iliac vein, resulting in left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and severe leg edema. We report the case of a 41-year-old female who presented with severe left leg edema present for 1 day. One week earlier she had experienced acute shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. Duplex ultrasound revealed a left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. A computed tomography (CT) scan performed for abdominal pain revealed thrombosis of the entire left common and external iliac veins. A ventilation-perfusion scan diagnosed a pulmonary embolism. The patient was treated with systemic intravenous heparin and catheter-directed thrombolysis of the iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. Complete thrombolysis and iliofemoral vein patency was achieved over 5 days. A persistent stenosis in the left common iliac vein consistent with May-Thurner syndrome was alleviated with percutaneous balloon angioplasty and placement of a Wallstent. Heparin therapy was terminated at the time of stenting because of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. The patient was started on a continuous infusion of 10% dextran 40, and warfarin therapy was initiated. Heparin-induced antibodies were confirmed by a C-14 serotonin release assay. The endovascular reconstruction remains patent 4 months later. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia complicating endovascular reconstruction of the iliofemoral venous system in a patient with May-Thurner Syndrome is an uncommon occurrence. This case and a review of the literature are discussed.     

Radiation-associated venous stenosis: endovascular treatment options

We report a case of radiation-induced venous stenosis after pelvic irradiation to treat Paget's disease of the scrotum. During therapeutic anticoagulation, significant left lower extremity swelling developed due to an iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). After percutaneous thrombectomy and thrombolysis, a high-grade stenosis was uncovered in the left external iliac vein, which was treated with an endoluminal stent. However, ipsilateral DVT recurred 2 months later despite continued anticoagulation therapy. Repeat treatment was successful. Pelvic radiation is a potential cause of iliac vein stenosis. Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy may have a useful role in management of complex iliofemoral DVT.