主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大动脉导管未闭

目的总结主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大动脉导管未闭(PDA)的经验,并对其疗效进行评价。方法回顾性分析2010年9月至2011年8月青海省心脑血管病专科医院8例PDA患者行主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗的临床资料,其中男5例,女3例;年龄(30.4±9.3)岁。主动脉造影显示PDA最窄内径为(21.0±3.0)mm;肺动脉收缩压(76.6±9.4)mm Hg。结果 8例患者中7例一次性隔绝成功。术后即刻血管造影显示6例动脉导管完全封闭,2例残余少量左向右分流。术后2周超声心动图及大血管CT血管造影显示:残余分流消失,肺动脉收缩压(43.5±7.2)mm Hg,显著降低。术后左心室舒张期末内径较术前明显减小[(52.0±5.2)mm vs.(69.0±11.1)mm]。随访8例,随访时间1～11(7.2±1.1)个月,随访期间胸部X线示:肺血明显减少,心胸比率明显减小。结论应用主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗成人巨大PDA是一种安全、有效的方法。     

超声诊断动脉导管未闭并肺动脉赘生物1例

<正>患者女,26岁,2个月前无明显诱因出现反复发热,体温最高39.9℃,近半个月加重伴咳嗽、咳痰、头痛、肌肉酸痛。既往有先天性心脏病、动脉导管未闭史。超声心动图检查:左心房扩大,左心室轻度扩大,主肺动脉扩张,内径3.0cm,左右肺动脉均扩张,内径2.0cm,降主动脉经由未闭的动脉导管与左肺动脉相交通,导管长×     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭

目的　评价 Amplatzer封堵器在动脉导管未闭 (PDA)介入治疗中的安全性和疗效。　方法　自 2 0 0 0年9月开始应用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗 30例 PDA患者 ,在术后 2 4小时、1个月、3个月行超声心动图检查 ,观察封堵效果及有无并发症。　结果　 PDA最窄处直径为 2 .5～ 12 .0 mm,平均 5 .3mm;1例伴有重度肺动脉高压的粗大 PDA采用 Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗 ,余 2 9例用 Am platzer PDA封堵器。2 9例术后 2 4小时、1例 48小时时彩色多普勒超声心动图检查均未见残余分流 ,1例术后早期发生机械性溶血。随访中 ,未出现封堵器移位、残余分流和再通。结论　应用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗 PDA是一种安全有效的非外科手术方法 ,适应证广、技术成功率高、近期疗效满意 ,远期效果尚需进一步观察     

Amplatzer堵闭器治疗动脉导管未闭的临床应用

目的　评价Amplatzer堵闭器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 (Patentductusarteriosus,PDA)的效果。　方法　经导管堵闭PDA患儿 15例 ,男 4例 ,女 11例 ,年龄 (1～ 14 )岁 ,体重 (7～ 30 )Kg。　结果　14例成功 ,1例失败。与术前肺动脉压 (6 3 2± 2 3 5mmHg)相比 ,术后即时肺动脉压 (2 0 5± 8 7mmHg)显著下降 (t=9 4 3,P <0 0 0 1)。术后 2 4小时超声心动图 ,1例有少量残余分流 ,随访 1月时超声心动图显示分流消失。全组病例随访 2年 ,无并发症发生。　结论　Amplatzer堵闭器治疗动脉导管未闭是一种安全、微创、疗效肯定的非开胸手术方法。     

两种单静脉法与传统Amplatzer法治疗动脉导管未闭

目的探讨两种单静脉入路法和动静脉双入路法治疗PDA各自的优缺点及最佳适应症,为PDA患者选择合理介入治疗方法提供依据。方法103例PDA患者经三种不同介入方法治疗,其中单静脉入路超声法37例,单静脉入路造影法14例,动静脉双入路法52例。PDA的位置、形态、大小经不同方法观察,单静脉超声法经超声观察,单静脉造影法在PDA内或降主动脉近PDA口外造影观察,动静脉双入路在主动脉弓降部侧位造影观察。选择合适型号的Amplatzer伞经股静脉建立的轨道进行封堵。术后15 min经胸超声及心脏听诊判断有无分流。术前、术后均行血流动力学测定,术后3 d、1个月复查超声心动图,观察大动脉水平有无分流及动脉导管未闭再通。结果103例患者全部一次封堵成功,技术成功率100%。术中操作平均透视时间(10.45±4.35)min,心导管检查测肺动脉收缩压由术前轻度增高[(33.2±3.11)mmHg]降为正常[(22.03±5.3)mmHg]。术后即刻所有患者心前区双期连续性杂音消失,术后无残余分流,无任何并发症发生,随访1个月未发生动脉水平分流及动脉导管再通。结论单静脉入路Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭简化了手术程序,不用或减少造影剂用量,缩短了操作透视时间,手术成功率高,疗效可靠,值得推广应用。     

右肺动脉起源于升主动脉合并动脉导管未闭二例

病例1 女,5岁。发现心脏杂音1年。就诊时查体：血压126／75mmHg,无紫绀,左胸第2肋间闻及3／6级收缩期杂音,P2亢进。超声心电图提示：先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭,主动脉峡部膜样回声。以先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭合并主动脉缩窄收入院。入院后行升主动脉造影及再次心脏超声心动图检查,确诊为右肺动脉起源于升主动脉合并动脉导管未闭、肺动脉高压。     

房间隔活瓣在先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压手术中的应用

目的报道先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压双向分流的外科治疗体会和疗效. 方法 25例患者(平均肺动脉压/平均体动脉压＞0.85),其中室间隔缺损(VSD)16例,VSD合并房间隔缺损(ASD)4例,合并动脉导管未闭5例.心脏超声心动图示间隔平面双向分流.采用心脏不停跳手术21例,心脏停搏手术4例.VSD均采用补片修补,动脉导管未闭经肺动脉切口缝闭,ASD采用自体心包修补,上端剪成半圆形,置于左心房面,顶部疏松缝1针,做成活瓣,无ASD患者,经卵圆孔作小切口做成相似活瓣. 结果早期死亡1例,24例痊愈出院.术后早期均有明显的低氧血症,呼吸机辅助呼吸均在24小时以上.22例患者活瓣在2周内关闭,2例4周关闭.随访3～72个月,1例术后8个月反复发生顽固性右侧心力衰竭死亡,其余患者恢复良好. 结论先天性心脏病伴重度肺动脉高压部分双向分流患者,采用房间隔活瓣可减轻术后早期的右心负荷,有利于早期恢复,长期疗效有待观察.     

心电图对常见左向右分流的先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的评价

目的评价心电图对左向右分流先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的诊断价值。方法我院100例左向右分流先天性心脏病患者,男性60例,女性40例,室间隔缺损(VSD)40例,动脉导管未闭(PDA)35例,房间隔缺损(ASD)25例。肺动脉压力和分流均经心导管证实。分析心电图改变与肺动脉高压的关系。结果PDA和VSD患者合并肺动脉高压时,心电图改变为右心室肥大和双心室肥大,与未合并肺动脉高压的差异有统计学意义,ASD患者合并肺动脉高压的心电图改变和肺动脉压力正常的心电图改变差异无统计学意义。结论心电图对先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭和室间隔缺损)肺动脉高压的诊断是一种简便有效的检查方法。     

超声心动图对主动脉根部形态的评价

目的:超声心动图下研究主动脉根部及临近组织结构超声成像技术、影像解剖及其临床意义.方法:60例无明显主动脉、主动脉瓣膜疾病患者行超声心动图检查,并测量相关数据.结果:主动脉根部内径( 21.79±245) mm,升主动脉内径(28.69±3.86) mm,左室舒张末内径( 42.81±3.24) mm,左室收缩末内径(28.39±3.05),肺动脉干(22.60±1.76) mm.结论:应用超声心动图可详细了解主动脉根部内径大小、毗邻结构、有无发育畸形及与周边结构关系,为带瓣膜支架的设计与经皮主动脉瓣膜植入手术顺利施行提供超声学学依据.     

动脉导管未闭合并主动脉缩窄5例报道

动脉导管未闭 (PDA)易合并主动脉缩窄 (COA)。COA是主动脉局限性短段管腔狭窄引致主动脉血流障碍 ,其临床表现不典型 ,易发生误诊、漏诊 ,给临床治疗带来困难 ,甚至导致术后早期死亡。我院于 1 999～ 2 0 0 1年手术治疗 1 6 8例PDA ,其中合并COA 5例 ,现报道如下。资料与方法一般资料　PDA 1 6 8例 ,年龄 5月～ 7岁 ,体重 5～ 1 9kg。术前检查胸骨左缘第 2肋间闻及连续性机器样响亮杂音。彩色多普勒超声心动图 (ECHO)检查证实所有病人均存在PDA ,1例合并COA ,2 6例合并室间隔缺损 (VSD)等其他心内畸形。麻醉方法　术前不配合的…     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.