首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
微创内固定系统治疗复杂性膝关节周围骨折25例分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
[目的]报告应用微创内固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)治疗下肢股骨远侧骨折与胫骨近侧骨折的疗效. [方法]采用LISS微创内固定系统治疗股骨远侧骨折与胫骨近侧骨折25例.按AO/OTA分类,33A3型3例,33C2型6例、33C3型4例,41A3型5例,41C2型4例、41C3型3例.其中8例为开放性骨折,GustiloⅠ型5例,Ⅱ型3例.术后不辅以其他外固定,1周即开始不负重关节功能锻炼. [结果]随访25例,所有病例伤口Ⅰ期愈合.骨折无延迟愈合,无畸形愈合,平均临床愈合时间15周.根据膝关节外科临床评分系统功能评分,术后优良率为95%. [结论]LISS微创内固定系统治疗骨折过程中,保护骨折周围软组织,对增加骨折愈合率、减少植骨机率、降低感染有重要作用,该方法是治疗复杂性膝关节周围骨折的有效方法.  相似文献   

2.
微创内固定系统治疗膝关节周围骨折35例   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
AO触创内固定系统(less invasire stabilization system,LISS)是基于微创外科的原则,吸取交锁髓内钉技术与生物学接骨技术优点而发展起来的新型内固定系统。自2003年10月~2004年12月,笔者应用AO股骨远侧LISS和胫骨近侧LISS治疗下肢股骨远端骨折或胫骨近端骨折共35例。  相似文献   

3.
微创内固定系统在膝关节周围复杂骨折治疗中的应用   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
目的探讨AO微创内固定系统(less invasive stab ilization system,LISS)治疗膝关节周围复杂骨折的效果。方法2004年4月~2005年6月对15例干骺端闭合性膝关节周围复杂骨折(左侧9例,右侧6例),分别应用股骨远端LISS或胫骨近端LISS行内固定治疗。结果15例随访5~26个月,平均13.2月。完全负重时间为12~26周,X线骨愈合时间11~24周,无延迟愈合及骨不连。浅表感染1例,皮肤水疱2例,经换药后愈合。无深部感染及皮肤坏死,无骨筋膜室综合征。Johner-W ruhs方法评价功能优11例、良3例、中1例,以优良为满意标准,本组满意率为93.3%(14/15)。1例C3型胫骨平台骨折在术后2周出现胫骨内侧骨块明显移位伴髁间分离,二次手术在胫骨平台内侧加以支撑钢板固定,术后20周骨折愈合,功能评价为良;1例C3型胫骨平台骨折在术后8周出现膝内翻(胫骨平台内翻角为82°),术后20周骨折愈合,功能评价为中。结论LISS适用于单处股骨远端、胫骨近端骨折及骨质疏松性股骨干远端骨折的治疗;对于胫骨平台C3型骨折内侧平台粉碎严重时,不能过分依赖LISS系统,或将接骨板置于内侧,而应该考虑在内侧辅助支撑钢板。  相似文献   

4.
LISS钢板治疗老年骨质疏松的下肢骨折   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
AO微创内固定系统(Less invasive stabilization sysem,LISS)在本院用于治疗股骨远端骨折和胫骨近端骨折,取得较满意的效果。2004年8月至2007年8月应用Ao—Liss钢板治疗治疗老年骨质疏松股骨远侧骨折或胫骨近侧骨折13例,参考相关文献结合临床体会,对Liss手术治疗下肢骨质疏松性骨折的技术优势、适应征进行讨论。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端复杂骨折的疗效。方法使用LISS闭合复位治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端复杂骨折16例。观察术后软组织恢复及骨折愈合情况。结果16例随访4~12个月,术后骨折复位、对线良好,无内固定松动或失效等并发症。结论LISS治疗膝关节周围骨折具有创伤小、固定牢固、骨折愈合时间短、最大程度保护膝关节功能的优点。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨微创内固定系统治疗同侧股骨髁部和股骨干骨折的疗效。方法对7例同侧股骨髁部和股骨干骨折的患者,均采用微创手术内固定。结果随访8-24个月,7例切口均一期愈合,X线片复查骨折对位、对线良好。膝关节功能按M erchan评分标准:优4例,良3例。结论微创内固定系统对同侧股骨髁部和股骨干骨折是有效的治疗方法,术中不需植骨,术后并发症少。  相似文献   

7.
膝关节周围多节段骨折微创手术治疗   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的报告AO微创内固定系统治疗膝关节周围多节段骨折短期疗效,结合文献,着重探讨与手术相关问题。方法本组6例,均为男性,年龄17~37岁。左侧4例,右侧2例。根据AO分型,股骨(32):C2型2例,C3型2例,其中2例波及股骨远端关节面;胫骨(42):C2型2例。开放性骨折4例。均用LISS内固定治疗。结果6例切口均一期愈合,X线片复查骨折对位、对线良好。膝关节功能按Merchan等评分标准评定,优5例,良1例。结论LISS对膝关节周围多节段骨折是一种有效的微创内固定治疗方法。  相似文献   

8.
AO微创内固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折近期效果观察   总被引:21,自引:3,他引:18  
[目的]报告AO微创内固定系统(1ess invasive stabilization system,LISS)治疗股骨远端骨折短期疗效,结合文献,着重探讨与手术相关问题.[方法]本组4例,均为男性,年龄36~53岁.左侧2例,右侧2例.汽车相撞车祸伤3例,重物压伤1例.骨折AO分型:A11例,A31例,C11例,C21例.开放性骨折1例.均应用股骨远端LISS内固定治疗.[结果]4例切口均Ⅰ期愈合,X线片复查骨折对位、对线良好.膝关节功能按Merchn等评分标准评定.优3例,良1例.[结论]LISS对股骨远端骨折是一种有效的微创内固定治疗方法,术中不需植骨,术后并发症少.  相似文献   

9.
AO微创内固定系统治疗胫骨多段粉碎性骨折   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
目的探讨应用AO微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗胫骨多段粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法通过经皮小切口、皮下隧道间接复位,应用AO胫骨近侧LISS内固定系统治疗胫骨多段粉碎性骨折20例。结果20例均获得随访,随访时间10~27个月,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间15~44周。2例感染,2例骨延迟愈合。无内固定松动或断裂,无神经、血管损伤等并发症。结论AO微创内固定系统对于胫骨多段粉碎性骨折是一种有效的治疗方法,具有创伤小、康复快的优点。  相似文献   

10.
微创内固定系统治疗膝关节周围骨折的并发症   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗膝关节周围骨折术中、术后并发症的发生情况,总结预防措施. 方法 2004年2月至2007年2月对42例(44侧)膝关节周围复杂骨折患者分别应用股骨远端或胫骨近端LISS接骨板固定.回顾出现并发症的种类、发生率及处理结果 ,分析并发症发生的原因. 结果 42例患者获20~176周(平均52周)随访.骨性愈合时间12~25周,平均14周.11例患者术中、术后出现并发症,其中2例浅表感染,1例深部感染,2例复位不良,2例骨折再移位,1例内固定失效,1例腓浅神经损伤,1例骨筋膜室综合征,1例伸膝装置粘连.无骨不连、内同定激惹及内固定取出困难等发生. 结论 LISS治疗膝关节周围骨折术中、术后并发症的发生与肢体损伤的严重程度、术者对LISS技术的理解程度及操作的熟练程度等有关.  相似文献   

11.
Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Ketamine in sub-dissociative doses has been shown to have analgesic and phantom-Limb pain, where conventional treatment has often failed. Chronic ischemic pain due to lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans often responds poorly to analgesics, and the pain-generating mechanisms are not well understood.
Methods : Eight patients with rest pain in the lower extremity due to arteriosclerosis obliterans were given sub-dissociative doses of 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 mg/kg racemic ketamine and morphine 10 mg as a 5-min infusion on four separate days in a cross-over, double-blind, randomised protocol. Plasma levels of (S)- and (R)-ketamine and their nor-metabolites were analysed with an enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pain levels were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
Results : Individual pain levels were highly variable during and after all the infusions but the pooled pain levels showed a dose-dependent analgesic effect of ketamine with a transient but complete pain relief in all patients at the highest dose (0.45 mg/ kg). Side-effects, mainly disturbed cognition and perception, were pronounced and dose-dependent. Morphine 10 mg had an analgesic peak at 20 min and 5/8 patients had complete pain relief. The remaining 3 patients also had high baseline pain scores, indicating a higher analgesic potency for the 0.30 and 0.45 mg/ kg ketamine doses than for morphine 10 mg.
Conclusion : We have demonstrated a potent dose-dependent analgesic effect of racemic ketamine in clinical ischemic pain. Due to a narrow therapeutic window, this analgesic effect is probably best utilised in combination with other analgesics.  相似文献   

15.
Background : It is unclear whether activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increases or decreases the extravasation of plasma.
Methods : Chloralose anaesthetised male Wistar rats received E. coli lipopolysacharide (LPS), 3 mg kg-1 i.v., or the corresponding volume of saline, 3 or 5 h before the end of the experiment. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Tissue clearance of radio-labelled albumin, during the last 2 h of each experiment, was determined by a double-isotope method. In separate animals, the serum concentration of nitrite and nitrate was determined, 5 h after LPS or the solvent.
Main Results : LPS initially decreased MAP and lastingly increased HR. In the 3-h LPS animals (n=8), tissue plasma clearance was lower in the heart and calf muscle and increased only in diaphragm, compared to corresponding control animals (n=8). In the 5-h LPS rats, clearance was lowered (n=8) in the entire gastrointestinal tract and in testes, compared to controls (n=8). The serum nitrite/nitrate concentration was higher in animals given LPS (n=6) than in controls (n=6).
Conclusion : After LPS, tissue clearance of albumin was not increased in any major tissue, in spite of increased serum levels of NO end products. Apparently, after activation of iNOS, the augmented release of NO is not necessarily associated with increased albumin extravasation.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Basic pharmacological research indicates that there are synergistic antinociceptive effects at the spinal cord level between adrenaline, fentanyl and bupivacaine. Our clinical experience with such a mixture in a thoracic epidural infusion after major surgery confirms this. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects on postoperative pain intensity, pain relief and side effects when removing adrenaline from this triple epidural mixture. Methods: A prospective, randomised, double-blind, cross-over study was carried out in 24 patients after major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Patients with only mild pain when coughing during a titrated thoracic epidural infusion of about 10 ml · h?1 of bupivacaine 1 mg · ml?1, fentanyl 2 μg · ml?1, and adrenaline 2 μg · ml?1 were included. On the 1st and 2nd postoperative days each patient was given a double-blind epidural infusion, at the same rate, with or without adrenaline. The effect was observed for 4 h or until pain when coughing became unacceptable in spite of a rescue analgesic procedure. Rescue analgesia consisted of up to two epidural bolus injections per hour and i.v. morphine if necessary. All patients received rectal paracetamol 1 g, every 8 h. Fentanyl serum concentrations were measured with a radioimmunoassay technique at the start and end of each study period. Main outcome measures were extent of sensory blockade and pain intensity at rest and when coughing, evaluated by a visual analogue scale, a verbal categorical rating scale, the Prince Henry Hospital pain score, and an overall quality of pain relief score. Results: The number of hypaesthetic dermatomal segments decreased (P <0.001) and pain intensity at rest and when coughing increased (P <0.001) when adrenaline was omitted from the triple epidural mixture. This change started within the first hour after removing adrenaline. After 3 h pain intensity when coughing had increased to unacceptable levels in spite of rescue analgesia (epidural bolus injections and i.v. morphine). Within 15–20 min after restarting the triple epidural mixture with adrenaline, pain intensity was again reduced to mild pain when coughing. Serum concentration of fentanyl doubled from 0.22 to 0.45 ng · ml?1 (P <0.01), and there was more sedation during the period without adrenaline. Conclusions: Adrenaline increases sensory block and improves the pain-relieving effect of a mixture of bupivacaine and fentanyl infused epidurally at a thoracic level after major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Serum fentanyl concentrations doubled and sedation increased when adrenaline was removed from the epidural infusion, indicating more rapid vascular absorption and systemic effects of fentanyl.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

18.
Enteral feeding is often limited by gastric and intestinal motility disturbances in critically ill patients, particularly in patients with shock. So, promotility agents are frequently used to improve tolerance to enteral nutrition. This review summaries the pathophysiology, presents the available pharmacological strategies, the clinical data, the counter-indications and the principal limits. The clinical data are poor. No study demonstrates a positive effect on clinical outcomes. Metoclopramide and erythromycin seems to be the more effective. Considering the risk of antibiotic resistance, the first line use of erythromycin should be avoided in favor of metoclopramide.  相似文献   

19.

Introduction

The practice of pediatric anesthesia requires a regular update of scientific knowledge and technical skills. To provide the most adequate Continuing Medical Education programs, it is necessary to assess the practices of pediatric anesthesiologists. Thus, the objective of this survey was to draw a picture of the current clinical practices of general anesthesia in children, in France.

Material and methods

One thousand one hundred and fifty questionnaires were given to anesthesiologists involved in pediatric cases. These questionnaires collected information on various aspects of clinical practice relative to induction, maintenance, recovery from general anaesthesia and also classical debated points such as children with Upper Respiratory Infection (URI), emergence agitation, epileptoid signs or anaesthetic management of adenoidectomy. Differences in practices between CHG (general hospital), CHU (teaching hospital), LIBERAL (private) and PSPH (semi-private) hospitals were investigated.

Results

There were 1025 questionnaires completed. Fifty-five percent of responders worked in public hospitals (CHG and CHU); 77% had a practice that was 25% or less of pediatric cases. In children from 3 to 10 years: 72% of respondents used always premedication and two thirds performed inhalation induction in more than 50% of cases. For induction, 53% used sevoflurane (SEVO) at 7 or 8%. Respondents from LIBERAL used higher SEVO concentrations. Tracheal intubation was performed with SEVO alone (37%), SEVO and propofol (55%) and SEVO with myorelaxant (8%), 93% of respondents used a bolus of opioid. For maintenance, the majority of respondents used SEVO associated with sufentanil; desflurane and remifentanil were more frequently used in CHU. Two thirds of respondents used N2O. Depth of anesthesia was commonly assessed by hemodynamic changes (52%), end tidal concentration of halogenated (38%) or automated devices based on EEG (7%). In children with URI, 98% of respondents used SEVO for anesthesia. To control the airway 42% used a tracheal tube, 30% a laryngeal mask and 20% a facial mask. Emergence agitation was an important concern for two thirds of respondents, while epileptoid signs were considered as important by only 20%. Eighty-nine percent of respondents practiced anesthesia for adenoidectomy. Anesthesia was induced by inhalation of SEVO 7–8% (41%), 6% (39%) or 4% (12%), 66% put an intravenous line (less frequently in LIBERAL). 67% of the responders managed adenoidectomy without any device to control the airway (more frequently in LIBERAL), 32% administrated a bolus of opioid (less frequently in LIBERAL).

Discussion

This survey demonstrated that the practices regarding general anesthesia in children are relatively homogenous. Most of the differences appeared between LIBERAL and the others structures; the anaesthetic management for adenoidectomy illustrates these findings.  相似文献   

20.
Rehabilitation improves the functional prognosis of patients after a neurologic lesion, and tendency is to begin rehabilitation as soon as possible. This review focuses on the interest and the feasibility of very early rehabilitation, initiated from critical care units. It is necessary to precisely assess patients’ impairments and disabilities in order to define rehabilitation objectives. Valid and simple tools must support this evaluation. Rehabilitation will be directed to preventing decubitus complications and active rehabilitation. The sooner rehabilitation is started; the better functional prognosis seems to be.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号