右美托咪定对室间隔缺损修补术婴儿心肌损伤的影响

目的 评价右美托咪定对室间隔缺损修补术婴儿心肌损伤的影响.方法 择期拟行室间隔缺损修补术婴儿40例,3～6月龄,体重4～6 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其分为2组(n=20):对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组).入室后开放静脉通路,麻醉诱导后经鼻气管插管,行机械通气.D组在麻醉诱导后持续静脉输注右美托咪定0.5 μg· kg-1 ·h-1至术毕,C组相同速率持续静脉输注生理盐水至术毕.于术前10 min(T1)、切皮(T2)、胸骨劈开即刻(T3)、主动脉开放后10min(T4)和术毕(T5)时记录HR和BP.于T1、T5和术后24 h(T6)时采集右颈内静脉血样,测定血浆肌酸酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性和心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)浓度.结果 与T1时比较,D组各时点HR和BP差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),C组T2-5时HR和BP升高,2组T5.6时血浆CK-MB活性及cTnT浓度升高(P＜0.05).与C组比较,D组T2-5时HR和BP、T56时血浆CK-MB活性及cTnT浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 麻醉诱导后静脉输注右美托咪定0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1可减轻室间隔缺损修补术婴儿的心肌损伤程度.     

低体重婴幼儿先天性室间隔缺损外科修补术后延迟恢复的风险因素分析

目的探讨体重≤5.0 kg的低体重婴幼儿行室间隔缺损修补术延迟恢复及并发症的风险因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年7月在我院接受室间隔缺损修补术且体重≤5.0 kg 86例患者的临床资料,其中男31例、女55例,年龄17~266(80.3±40.4)d,体重2.5~5.0(4.4±0.6)kg。室间隔缺损分类:膜周部室间隔缺损65例(75.6%),干下型室间隔缺损17例(19.8%),干下+肌部室间隔缺损4例(4.7%)。术后延迟恢复定义为机械辅助通气时间≥24 h或住ICU时间≥72 h。主要不良事件包括:死亡、心脏骤停、完全性房室传导阻滞(一过性或永久性)、神经系统并发症、因残余分流或瓣膜反流的二次手术、二次插管、膈肌麻痹等临床并发症。结果全组患者无围术期死亡。51例患者呼吸机使用时间≥24 h,51例患者住ICU时间≥72 h。无因残余分流再次手术者,无神经系统并发症者。6例(7.0%)术后二次气管插管,2例(2.3%)出现一过性房室传导阻滞而应用心脏表面临时起搏器。术后随访时间3~36(15.8±8.8)个月,随访期间死亡1例,左心室收缩功能降低1例,5例三尖瓣少量反流,无主动脉瓣损伤。结论低体重婴幼儿的先天性室间隔缺损修补术近期结果满意,但低体重、低年龄可能导致患者术后呼吸机使用时间过长;低出生体重、术前合并肺动脉高压可能导致术后住ICU时间过长,但并非独立危险因素。     

室间隔缺损患儿麻醉诱导期无通气时限的观察

目的　探讨先天性心脏病室间隔缺损（ Ｖ Ｓ Ｄ）患儿能够耐受的无通气安全时限。　方法　根据 Ｖ Ｓ Ｄ大小和术中是否补片修补将２０ 例 Ｖ Ｓ Ｄ患儿分为两组。Ⅰ组：１０ 例, Ｖ Ｓ Ｄ小于１ｃｍ ,术中直接缝合修补;Ⅱ组：１０ 例, Ｖ Ｓ Ｄ大于１ｃｍ ,术中需补片修补;对照组：８ 例,选择无心、肺疾病的手术患儿作为对照。麻醉诱导后,患儿先预吸氧３ 分钟,然后开始无通气期２ 分钟,观察无通气期血气、心率、动脉血压的变化。　结果　在无通气期,３ 组患儿的动脉血氧分压均进行性降低,到无通气２ 分钟时,Ⅱ组患儿的动脉血氧分压明显低于其它两组。动脉血二氧化碳分压随无通气时间延长逐渐升高,到无通气１ 分钟时,３ 组患儿的动脉血二氧化碳分压均高于正常值的高限,组间比较无差异。在无通气期,３ 组患儿的心率、血压无明显变化,也未观察到心律失常的发生。　结论　 Ｖ Ｓ Ｄ患儿心肺功能受损程度直接同 Ｖ Ｓ Ｄ大小有关,在麻醉诱导时,应将无通气时间控制在１ 分钟之内。     

亚甲蓝在感染性心内膜炎患者行心脏瓣膜置换术中的应用效果

目的观察亚甲蓝在感染性心内膜炎患者行心脏瓣膜置换手术中的应用效果。方法选择2016年10月至2018年11月拟行心脏瓣膜置换术的感染性心内膜炎患者30例,男21例,女9例,年龄38～67岁,ASAⅡ—Ⅳ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组:亚甲蓝组(MB组)和对照组(C组),每组15例。MB组于CPB停机前10 min开始泵注亚甲蓝2.0 mg/kg持续20 min,C组于相同时点注入等剂量生理盐水。记录术中总输液量、术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间;分别于给肝素前(T_1)、CPB停机后10 min(T_2)以及静注完亚甲蓝后1 h(T_3)、3 h(T_4)、6 h(T_5)和12 h(T_6)时记录HR、MAP、CVP、HR与SBP的乘积(RPP)、正性肌力药物评分(IS)和血管活性药物评分(VIS)以及血糖和乳酸浓度。结果与T_1时比较,T_2—T_6时两组IS、VIS、血糖和乳酸浓度明显升高(P0.05);与C组比较,T_3—T_6时MB组IS、VIS、RPP和乳酸浓度明显降低(P0.05),术中总输液量明显减少(P0.05),术后机械通气时间和ICU停留时间明显缩短(P0.05)。结论亚甲蓝在感染性心内膜炎患者行心脏瓣膜置换手术中早期预防应用,可减少术中液体输注量和术后血管活性药物应用,降低心肌氧耗,缩短术后机械通气时间和ICU停留时间。     

不同容量治疗方法对胃肠肿瘤根治术老年患者组织氧合的影响

目的 评价晶体液和不同比例晶/胶体液容量治疗对胃肠肿瘤根治术老年患者组织氧合的影响.方法 拟行胃肠肿瘤根治术的患者60例,年龄＞ 65岁,体重42 ～ 85 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=20):单纯晶体液组(Ⅰ组)、晶体液:胶体液2∶1组(Ⅱ组)和晶体液:胶体液1∶1组(Ⅲ组).晶体液为乳酸钠林格氏液,胶体液为0.6％羟乙基淀粉130/0.4溶液.于输液前5 min内(T0)、输液开始后25 ～ 30 min(T1)、切皮前5 min内(T2)、切皮后5 min内(T3)、手术开始后第1小时内(T4)、手术开始后第2小时内(T5)、手术结束前5 min内(T6)记录经皮氧分压(TcPO2)和经皮二氧化碳分压(TcPCO2),各时间段取平均值,并同时行动脉血气分析,记录PaO2和PaCO2.记录术中输液总量、尿量、出血量、去甲肾上腺素、红细胞和血浆的使用情况;记录排气时间、ICU停留时间、术后并发症(切口感染、吻合口漏、麻痹性肠梗阻)的发生情况.结果 三组TcPO2、TcPCO2、PaO2、PaCO2、排气时间、ICU停留时间和术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与T0和T1时比较,三组T2～T6时TcPO2和PaO2升高,Ⅲ组T3时TcPCO2降低(P＜0.05或0.01);与T2时比较,三组T3时TcPCO2降低(P＜0.05);三组PaCO2各时点比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组去甲肾上腺素使用率降低(P＜0.05),输液总量、尿量、出血量、红细胞和血浆使用率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 采用单纯晶体液或晶:胶1∶1或晶:胶2∶1进行容量治疗时,胃肠肿瘤根治术老年患者组织氧合均得到改善,但采用晶:胶1∶1或晶:胶2∶1时能更好地维持循环稳定,更适于该类患者.     

临床路径在心脏瓣膜置换术后ICU管理中的应用

目的评价临床路径在心脏瓣膜置换病人术后重症监护病房(intensivecareunit,ICU)实施的效果。方法回顾性分析了南京市心血管病研究所实施临床路径前(1999年,Ⅰ组)和实施临床路径后(2004年,Ⅱ组)择期心脏瓣膜置换术后在ICU监护治疗的病人各70例。比较两组病人在术后机械通气时间、血气分析次数、ICU停留时间、ICU期间费用及并发症等方面差异有无显著性。结果Ⅱ组在平均机械通气时间、血气分析检查次数、ICU停留时间、ICU期间费用等方面低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),并发症发生率两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论心脏瓣膜置换病人术后ICU临床路径的实施降低了ICU停留时间和医疗费用,同时保证了医疗质量。     

全胸腔镜与传统开胸手术治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的对比研究

目的探讨全胸腔镜手术治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2017年1月50例膜周部室间隔缺损的临床资料,其中全胸腔镜组21例,传统开胸组29例,比较2组体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、手术时间、胸腔引流量、使用血制品的例数、重症监护室停留时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间及住院时间。结果全胸腔镜组体外循环时间[(65.1±15.0)min vs.(49.0±10.7)min,t=4.435,P=0.000]和主动脉阻断时间[(47.3±12.2)min vs.(39.6±11.2)min,t=2.311,P=0.025]明显长于传统开胸组,胸腔引流量[(96.4±41.1)ml vs.(260.9±128.3)ml,t=-5.655,P=0.000]、术后使用血制品的例数[14.3%(3/21)vs.62.1%(18/29),χ~2=11.416,P=0.000]、住院时间[(5.3±1.1)d vs.(8.2±1.6)d,t=-7.161,P=0.000]明显少于/短于传统开胸组,2组手术时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间及ICU停留时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统开胸手术比较,胸腔镜下膜周部室间隔缺损修补术安全可靠,创伤小,恢复快,节约用血,可作为优先选择的术式。     

术中静脉输注乌司他丁对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者围术期肺功能的影响

目的 评价术中静脉输注乌司他丁对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)患者围术期肺功能的影响.方法 择期OPCABG患者24例,NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄65～75岁,随机分为对照组(C组,n=12)和乌司他丁组(U组,n=12).U组于气管插管后经30 min静脉输注乌司他丁6 000 U/kg,随后以1 000 U·kg-1·h-1的速率静脉输注至术毕,C组采用同样方法静脉输注等容量生理盐水.分别于术前(T1)、术毕即刻(T2)、术后4 h(T3)、8 h(T4)和20 h(T5)时测定血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)浓度、中性粒细胞CD11b/CD18表达水平、血清一氧化氮(NO)浓度,并行血气分析,计算肺泡-动脉血氧分压差[P(A-a)O2]和呼吸指数(RI);记录重症监护室期间机械通气时间.结果 与T1时比较,C组T3.4时血浆IL-6浓度、T2～5时中性粒细胞CD11b/CD18表达水平、P(A-a)O2和RI升高,血清NO浓度降低,U组T2～5时P(A-a)O2和RI升高(P<0.05或0.01),其余指标差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);与C组比较,U组T3.4时血浆IL-6浓度、T2～5时中性粒细胞CD11b/CD18表达水平、T2.3时RI和P(A-a)O2降低,T2.3时血清NO浓度升高(P<0.05或0.01);C组重症监护室期间机械通气时间长于U组(P<0.05).结论 术中静脉输注乌司他丁可改善OPCABG患者围术期肺功能,其机制可能与降低全身炎性反应有关.     

每搏变异度指导目标导向液体管理在幕上肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的评价每搏变异度(stroke volume variation,SVV)指导的目标导向治疗(goal-directed therapy,GDT)液体管理策略与CVP指导的液体管理策略对行幕上脑肿瘤切除术患者的影响。方法选择择期全麻下行幕上脑肿瘤切除术患者63例,男29例,女34例,年龄18~65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,按照随机数字表法分为C组(n=30)和S组(n=33)。所有患者入室后输注6%羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)3ml/kg,随后每小时按生理需要量持续输注生理盐水。通过输注6%羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)或给予血管活性药物,C组维持CVP≥8mm Hg且MAP基础值的80%,S组维持SVV≤12%且MAP基础值的70%。记录术中晶体液量、胶体液量、总输液量、失血量、输血量和尿量,于麻醉诱导前30min(T0)、剪硬膜即刻(T1)、术毕(T2)和术后24h(T3)采集桡动脉和静脉血行血气分析、乳酸测定和生化检查。记录术后患者心律失常、低血压、肝功能异常、肾功能异常和严重呕吐等并发症的发生情况。记录ICU停留时间及术后住院时间。结果S组术中总液量[(1 478±312)ml vs(1 183±294)ml]及胶体液量[(775±236)ml vs(487±243)ml]明显多于C组(P0.05)。与T0时比较,T1、T2时两组乳酸值均明显降低(P0.05);T2时S组乳酸值明显低于C组[(0.91±0.25)mmol/L vs(1.31±0.46)mmol/L](P0.05)。两组心律失常、低血压和严重呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义。两组ICU停留时间和术后住院时间差异无统计学意义。结论 SVV指导目标导向液体管理可降低术毕乳酸水平。     

“杂交”手术治疗20例小婴儿主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损

目的 评价“杂交”手术治疗6月龄内小婴儿主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损的早期治疗结果.方法 2010年1月至2011年7月,20例小婴儿主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损患儿,手术年龄(56±45)天,体重(4.5±1.6)kg.主动脉缩窄压差30 ～56 mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),其中5例伴主动脉弓发育不良;室间隔缺损8 ～ 16 mm.均行“杂交”手术治疗.结果 全组无手术及围术期死亡.围术期并发症4例(20％).术中造影发现主动脉弓缩窄最严重处直径为1.5 ～ 3.4 mm,选择最大球囊直径4～12 mm,扩张后即刻主动脉缩窄处压差为0～ 27 mm Hg.全组体外循环40～ 87 min,主动脉阻断20 ～ 41min,无延迟关胸.术后患儿机械通气(2.2±1.4)天,住监护室(5±3)天.患儿均随访(10.0±3.6)个月,主动脉弓缩窄扩张处末见有动脉瘤发生,无气道受压.末次随访2例患儿主动脉弓残余梗阻,压差12 ～ 35 mm Hg,再次手术干预.结论 主动脉弓缩窄球囊扩张联合体外循环下室间隔缺损修补手术治疗小婴儿主动脉缩窄合并室间隔缺损可以避免深低温停循环,具有较高的安全性,早期疗效满意.     

Modified ultrafiltration may improve postoperative pulmonary function in children with a ventricular septal defect

To evaluate the effectiveness of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) on ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair in children, we retrospectively examined 10 patients who underwent VSD repair with MUF at the Kinki University School of Medicine hospital between June 1998, and December 1998 (MUF group). These patients were compared with 14 patients who underwent the same procedure without MUF (control group) between January 1997 and June 1998. Systolic blood pressure and hematocrit values increased significantly during MUF. By the time of postoperative transfer to the intensive care unit, PaO₂ was higher in the MUF group than in the control group (503.3 ± 112.2 mmHg vs 376.3 ± 149.2 mmHg; P = 0.0491), whereas A-aDO₂ was lower in the MUF group than in the control group (171.9 ± 109.2 mmHg vs 301.1 × 150.4 mmHg; P = 0.0449). These findings demonstrate that MUF had a beneficial effect on pulmonary function in children who underwent surgery to repair a VSD. Received: May 11, 2000 / Accepted: January 9, 2001     

电视胸腔镜和开胸直视修补治疗房间隔缺损疗效比较的Meta分析

目的系统评价电视胸腔镜和开胸直视修补两种术式治疗房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect，ASD)的安全性和有效性。 方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、VIP、Wanfang Data和CNKI数据库，查找关于电视胸腔镜和开胸直视修补治疗ASD相关研究文献，检索时限均从2000年1月至2018年8月。由2位评价员按纳入标准与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价文献质量后，采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果共纳入28项研究2 386例患者。Meta分析结果显示：电视胸腔镜和开胸直视修补治疗ASD在总并发症发生率比较中无差异[RR: 0.58(0.34, 1.00)，P＝0.05]，电视胸腔镜下修补在术中输血[SMD: －1.10 (－2.00, －0.21)]、ICU停留时间[SMD: －0.73 (－1.07, －0.39)]、机械通气时间[SMD：－0.60 (－0.84, －0.36)]、手术切口总长度[SMD：－1.54 (－2.11, －0.98)]、术后引流量[SMD：－1.84 (－2.31, －1.36)]、总住院时间[SMD: －1.00 (－1.37, －0.63)]和术后住院时间[SMD: －1.14 (－1.51, －0.76)]的比较中明显减少，而在手术时间[SMD: 0.62(0.06, 0.19)]、体外循环时间[SMD: 1.47(1.05, 1.88)]、主动脉阻断时间[SMD ：0.94 (0.70, 1.18)]和手术花费[SMD: 2.73 (0.84, 4.62)]较开胸直视修补增加。 结论电视胸腔镜下修补较开胸直视修补治疗ASD的手术时间和体外循环时间略有延长，但避免了开胸对机体带来的伤害，患者术后恢复时间较快且住院时间缩短，可作为ASD的微创治疗方案遵循患者意愿加以使用。     

Cold blood versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia for repair of ventricular septal defects in pediatric heart surgery: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: There is little evidence in the literature on the benefits of cold blood cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery. This study investigates the effects of cold crystalloid versus cold blood cardioplegia on myocardial metabolism, reperfusion injury, and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive antegrade cold (4 to 6 degrees C) St Thomas's I crystalloid (CCC) or blood (CBC) cardioplegia. Changes in myocardial adenine nucleotides and purine levels were monitored in right ventricular biopsies and postoperative serum troponin I (TnI) and lactate release were measured. RESULTS: Forty patients were randomly assigned to CCC (n = 21; age 21.1 +/- 40.8 months) or to CBC (n = 19; age 27.4 +/- 39.3 months). Patient characteristics were similar in the two groups and there was no mortality. After the ischemic period there was a significant drop in adenosine triphosphate levels compared with control values in the CCC (40.4 +/- 9.9 versus 27.5 +/- 12.5 nmol/mg protein, p = 0.01) but not in the CBC group (40.3 +/- 23.2 versus 37.3 +/- 18.9 nmol/mg protein). The fall was more marked in infants compared with children (40% versus 10%, respectively, p = 0.01). Mean total TnI release was 42% lower in the CBC than the CBC group (95% confidence interval 10% to 62%, p = 0.015). Total TnI release was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001) but as levels in infants in the CBC group were the same as for children, the reduction with age was seen almost entirely in the CCC group. There were no differences in the duration of inotropic support, ventilation time, intensive care unit, or hospital stay in the two groups. CONCLUSION: The use of CBC is associated with less metabolic myocardial ischemic stress and reperfusion injury when compared with CCC in pediatric patients undergoing VSD repair.     

右腋下小切口心内直视手术224例

目的总结右腋下小切口径路手术治疗先天性心脏病的经验,并探讨其相关的问题。方法224例先天性心脏病患者采用右腋下小切口径路经第3或第4肋间进胸,在体外循环下行心内直视术,其中室间隔缺损(VSD)修补术168例,房间隔缺损(ASD)修补术48例,法洛四联症(TOF)根治术6例,右心室双出口(DORV)和埃布斯坦综合征(Ebsteinsyndrome)矫治术各1例。结果全组术后死亡1例(0.45%),死于急性肺水肿。发生并发症13例(5.8%)。右腋下小切口径路手术患者的体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间和术后住院天数与同期胸骨正中切口径路手术患者比较差别无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术中出血量和术后胸腔引流量较胸骨正中切口径路少(P<0.01)。术后随访214例,随访时间2个月~7年,除3例患者术后早期心功能稍差(射血分数<0.50)和2例VSD患者术后发生轻度残余漏外,其余患者均恢复良好。结论对具有该术式适应证的患者经右腋下小切口径路行心内直视手术,有安全可靠、术中出血少和美观等优点,但对TOF以及复杂先心病患者慎用本术式。     

Impact of junctional ectopic tachycardia on postoperative morbidity following repair of congenital heart defects.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET), we reviewed 343 consecutive patients undergoing surgery between 1997 and 1999. The impact of this arrhythmia on in-hospital morbidity and our protocol for treatment were assessed. METHODS: We reviewed the postoperative course of patients undergoing surgery for ventricular septal defect (VSD; n=161), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; n=114), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD; n=58) and common arterial trunk (n=10). All patients with JET received treatment, in a stepwise manner, beginning with surface cooling, continuous intravenous amiodarone, and/or atrial pacing if the haemodynamics proved unstable. A linear regression model assessed the effect of these treatments upon hours of mechanical ventilation, and stay on the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). RESULTS: Overall mortality was 2.9% (n=10), with three of these patients having JET and TOF. JET occurred in 37 patients (10.8%), most frequently after TOF repair (21.9%), followed by AVSD (10.3%), VSD (3.7%), and with no occurrence after repair of common arterial trunk. Mean ventilation time increased from 83 to 187 h amongst patients without and with JET patients (P<0.0001). Accordingly, CICU stay increased from 107 to 210 h when JET occurred (P<0.0001). Surface cooling was associated with a prolongation of ventilation and CICU stay, by 74 and 81 h, respectively (P<0.02; P<0.02). Amiodarone prolonged ventilation and CICU stay, respectively, by 274 and 275 h (P<0.05; P<0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative JET adds considerably to morbidity after congenital cardiac surgery, and is particularly frequent after TOF repair. Aggressive treatment with cooling and/or amiodarone is mandatory, but correlates with increased mechanical ventilation time and CICU stay. Better understanding of the mechanism underlying JET is required to achieve prevention, faster arrhythmic conversion, and reduction of associated in-hospital morbidity.     

Effect of the addition of albumin to crystalloid cardioplegic solutions on myocardial metabolism in infants undergoing open heart surgery

The effect of the addition of albumin to crystalloid cardioplegic solutions was investigated in infants who underwent open heart surgery. The patients were divided into four groups according to whether or not they received a composition of crystalloid cardioplegic solutions containing albumin. Cardioplegic solution (Kurume solution) without albumin was administered to 12 patients (group 1); Kurume solution with 1% albumin to 10 patients (group 2); GIK solution without albumin to 10 patients (group 3); and GIK solution with 1% albumin to 15 patients (group 4). All patients had a ventricular septal defect and underwent closure of the defect with Dacron double velours through either the tricuspid or pulmonary valve. Our results showed that the percent oxygen extraction in group 2 was significantly greater than that in group 1, while the value in group 4 was less than that in group 3 at 5 min after reperfusion. No significant differences were seen between groups 1 and 2, or between groups 3 and 4, regarding the value for creatine kinase muscle-brain (MB) for any measurements during reperfusion. However, regarding the percent lactate and the malondialdehyde extraction values, significant differences between the groups with and without albumin were noted 5 min after reperfusion. These results did not completely support the addition of albumin to crystalloid cardioplegic solutions to help preserve myocardial aerobic metabolism in infants; however, such an addition might contribute to the preservation of myocardial lactate utilization while also helping to inhibit lipoperoxide metabolism immediately after reperfusion.     

机器人辅助与全胸腔镜下不停跳房间隔缺损修补术的疗效观察

目的观察采用机器人手术系统(Da Vinci Si)辅助或全胸腔镜进行体外循环心脏不停跳下房间隔缺损(atrial septal defects,ASD)修补手术的近期临床效果。方法回顾性分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院2015年1月至2018年12月行机器人辅助下或全胸腔镜下ASD修补手术50例患者的临床资料。依据手术方式不同将患者分为机器人组和全胸腔镜组。机器人组35例,男11例、女24例,平均年龄(42.1±16.8)岁;全胸腔镜组15例,男8例、女7例,平均年龄(38.4±10.9)岁。随访期间,通过心脏多普勒超声心动图记录左心室射血分数、左心房直径、右心房直径、右心室舒张末期内径。记录并比较手术时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机使用时间、术后ICU滞留时间、术后住院时间、围手术期胸腔引流量、早期并发症。结果围手术期机器人组手术时间[(3.8±0.3)h vs.(6.1±1.4)h]、体外循环时间[(72.3±10.4)min vs.(139.1±32.8)min]、呼吸机使用时间[(5.5±1.2)h vs.(9.5±2.1)h]、术后住院时间[(6.7±0.5)d vs.(9.8±0.6)d]及胸腔引流量[(253.4±26.8)mL vs.(289.3±29.5)mL]均短于或少于全胸腔镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后并发症发生率等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。全部患者术后1个月复查心脏彩超,扩张的右心房、右心室及左心房较术前缩小。结论对于ASD修补手术的患者,机器人辅助及全胸腔镜下均可取得良好效果,但在手术时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机使用时间、术后住院时间及胸腔引流量方面,机器人组更有优势。     

Early tracheal extubation after paediatric cardiac surgery: the use of propofol to supplement low-dose opioid anaesthesia

BACKGROUND: After institutional approval and parental consent, 103 children, aged 6 months to 18 years, who were undergoing repair of simple and complex congenital heart lesions using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied and compared with a group of 135 children who had undergone similar surgery in our institution in the year before. METHODS: Anaesthesia for study patients included fentanyl (< 20 microg.kg-1) and isoflurane. Infusions of propofol (median infusion rate 70 microg.kg-1.min-1) and morphine (median infusion rate 20 microg.kg-1.h-1) were started after weaning from CPB and continued postoperatively. Preestablished criteria were used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to assess readiness for tracheal extubation. RESULTS: Median time from admission to ICU to tracheal extubation was 5 h. Fifty-six children were extubated within 6 h and 73 within 9 h of ICU admission. Mean ICU stay for study patients was 1.7 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-2.2] and 2.6 days (95% CI 2.3-2.9) in the comparison group (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We found the propofol regimen to be satisfactory with a shorted ICU stay for these patients.     

Impact of Pulsatile Perfusion on Clinical Outcomes of Neonates and Infants With Complex Pathologies Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Procedures

The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the pulsatile perfusion mode in pediatric patients who had complex cardiac pathologies according to Jenkins stratifications (category 4) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass procedures (CPB). Patients with transposition of great arteries (TGA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were included in this clinical study. Eighty‐nine consecutive pediatric patients undergoing open heart surgery for repair of TGA‐VSD were prospectively entered into the study and were randomly assigned to either the pulsatile perfusion group (Group P, n = 58) or the nonpulsatile perfusion group (Group NP, n = 31). There were no differences between groups in terms of demographical and intraoperative parameters. The pulsatile group needed significantly less inotropic support (P < 0.05) and had lower lactate levels (P < 0.001), higher urine output (P < 0.01), and higher albumin levels (P < 0.05). In addition, the pulsatile group had less ICU (P < 0.01) and hospital stays (P < 0.001). We conclude that the use of pulsatile flow is a better option and should be considered for repair of the complex congenital heart defects.     

Outcome after one-stage repair of tetralogy of Fallot

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome after one-stage repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). METHODS: Between May 1997 and December 2002, 240 patients with a median age of 9 months (1 month-48 years) underwent one-stage repair of TOF. Closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) was accomplished through the right atrium in 171 (71.3%) patients and through the right ventricle in 69 (28.7%) patients. For the reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), transannular repair was performed in 151 (62.9%) patients, and non-transannular repair was performed in 89 (37.1%) patients. Follow-up was complete, averaging 40+/-17.6 months (3 months-5.8 years). RESULTS: There were 2 (0.8%) operative deaths. Between early repair group (age under 6 months) and late repair group (age above 6 months), there were no differences in the method of RVOT reconstruction (transannular vs non-transannular) and the need for branch pulmonary artery angioplasty. Early repair group had more transventricular VSD closure than late repair group (46% vs 22%, P < 0.05). Duration of inotropic support and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were longer in the early repair group (P < 0.05). Five patients required reoperations due to RVOT obstruction (n = 3), and residual VSD (n = 2). Kaplan-Meier freedom from reoperation at 5 years was 98.3+/-1%. Nine patients underwent catheter intervention for branch pulmonary artery stenosis. Freedom from reintervention at 5 years was 95.4+/-1.5%. All survivors are currently asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: One-stage repair of TOF could be performed with low mortality and morbidity. Especially, early one-stage repair in symptomatic infant could be performed with low risk, eliminating the need for palliative procedures.