细胞间黏附分子1基因K469E多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

目的 探讨细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1) K469E基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系。方法 运用PCR-限制性多态性片断长度(RFLP)技术检测98名健康对照者和210例2型糖尿病患者(其中DN患者110例，DM患者100例)的基因型，比较各组的基因型和等位基因频率。结果 (1)DN组KK基因型和K等位基因频率显著高于DM组和正常对照组；(2)与EE型组相比，KK型组DN的发生率明显上升；(3)Logistic回归分析显示ICAM-1 K469E基因多态性是DN的危险因素。结论 ICAM-1 K469E多态性与2型糖尿病伴发肾病的发生有关，K等位基因可能是DN的易感基因。     

血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1型基因多态性与糖尿病肾病的关联研究

目的探讨血管紧张素I转化酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)基因I/D多态性及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1型(angiotensinⅡtype 1 receptor,AT1R)基因A1166C多态性与糖尿病肾病的关系。方法选择2013年4月至2015年10月在广东医科大学附属医院、东莞市塘厦医院和东莞市大朗医院住院2型糖尿病患者,研究对象分为2型糖尿病组(T2DM组)97例和正常对照组50例,其中T2DM组根据有无肾病分为52例糖尿病肾病(DN)组和45例糖尿病非肾病(非DN)组;采用标准的酚-氯仿-蛋白酶K法提取外周血DNA;分别用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术、PCR-限制性片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)对ACE I/D、ATlR Al166C多态性进行检测。遗传平衡吻合度检验用HardyWeinberg平衡法。采用χ~2检验分析基因多态性与DN的相关性。结果 DN组和非DN组基线资料无统计学差异(P0.05)。经χ~2检验,DN组DD基因型频率32.6%(17/52)明显高于非DN组DD基因型频率20.0%(9/45)(χ~2=6.62,P0.05);DN组D等位基因频率58.7%(61/104)明显高于非DN组D基因型频率41.1%(37/90)(χ~2=5.94,P0.05)。DN组与非DN组AT1R Al166C各基因型分布频率无显著性差异(χ~2=0.22,P0.05);各等位基因频率分布亦无明显差异(χ~2=0.21,P0.05)。对照组与T2DM组ACE I/D和ATlR Al166C基因多态的基因型分布和等位基因频率均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 ACE基因I/D多态性与DN有关,携带DD基因型和D等位基因的T2DM患者是DN的易感人群。AT1R基因A1166C多态性与T2DM并发DN无关。     

维生素D受体基因BsmI多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的 研究维生素D受体(VDR)基因BsmI位点多态性与汉族人群2型糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测304例2型糖尿病患者(DM组)及100例健康体检者(NC组)VDR Bsml位点基因型和等位基因频率.根据尿白蛋白情况将DM组分为非糖尿病肾病组(DN0组,122例)、微量白蛋白尿组(DN1组,87例)、大量白蛋白尿组(DN2组,95例).83例病程5年以上仍未出现肾病的DM患者纳入L-NDN组;64例起病1年内即出现肾病的DM患者纳入EDN组.结果 DM组BB+Bb基因型和B等位基因频率均高于NC组(x2=7.088,P=0.008;x2=5.865,P=0.015).DN2组BB+Bb基因型和B等位基因频率高于NC组(x2=14.287,P=0.000; x2=12.621,P=0.000)及DN0组(x2=8.063,P=0.005;x2=8.173,P=0.004).其余组间差异均无统计学意义.EDN组BB+Bb基因型和B等位基因频率均显著高于L-NDN组(x2=7.228,P=0.007;x2=5.853,P=0.016).B等位基因阳性DN患者的尿白蛋白排泄率显著高于B等位基因阴性DN患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).BsmI位点基因型与DN发生密切相关.B等位基因阳性是DN发生及早发的危险因素(OR=2.004;0R=2.394).结论 VDRBsmI基因多态性与DN易感性相关.B等位基因阳性患者更易出现大量白蛋白尿及早期发生肾病.     

MTHFR基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病相关性的研究

目的 研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（MTHFR）基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病（DN）易感性的关系.方法 选择111例山西地区汉族人2型糖尿病患者,其中糖尿病肾病（DN＋）组56例,糖尿病非肾病（DN-）组55例,运用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术并结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳的方法检测111例患者的MTHFR基因多态性,测定各组间基因型频率和等位基因频率.结果 纯合基因型TT、T等位基因在DN＋组（21.43％,46.43％）的频率均明显高于DN-组（7.27％,29.09％）,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.无论是在DN＋组还是DN-组中,TT基因型患者血同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）平均水平均大于CC基因型和CT基因型患者,DN＋组血浆Hcy水平明显高于DN-组,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.在叶酸浓度≤6.92nmol/L时,DN＋组（24.24％,48.49％） TT型发生率及T等位基因频率明显高于DN-组（3.70％,25.93％）（P＜0.05）,当叶酸浓度＞6,92nmol/L时,DN＋组TT型发生率及T等位基因频率与DN-组无差异（P＞0.05）.结论 MTHFR基因C677T多态性与糖尿病肾病（DN）发生具有相关性,突变的T等位基因是DN易感基因,但其影响效果受叶酸浓度的影响.     

2型糖尿病肾病患者p22phox基因多态性的研究

目的研究NADPH氧化酶p22phox亚基基因多态性与中国上海汉族人群2型糖尿病肾病（DN）相关性。方法应用限制性片断长度多态性（RFLP）-PCR方法对105例健康对照组和194例2型糖尿病（DM）患者（其中71例DN）进行p22phox亚基C242T、A640G基因型检测。同时检测其身高、体重、血压、血脂、空腹血糖及胰岛素、HbAlc的水平。结果DN组CT＋TT基因型频率明显高于2型DM和对照组（26．76％比17．07％、3．81％，P=0．0002）；DN组T等位基因频率明显高于2型DM和对照组（22．54％比13．42％、2．86％，P=0．0001）；3组间AA基因型频率与A等位基因频率差异无统计学意义。多元回归分析显示，T242等位基因、收缩压、空腹血糖、HbAlc、β细胞功能指数（Homa-IS）是DN的危险因素。结论p22phox亚基T242等位基因变异可能是中国上海地区汉族人群DN的易感基因：而p22phox亚基A640G基因多态性与上述人群DN无相关性。T242等位基因、收缩压、空腹血糖、HbAlc、Homa-IS是DN的危险因素。     

对氧磷酯酶基因多态性与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的探讨对氧磷酯酶2(PON2)基因A148G多态性与糖尿病肾病的关系.方法(1)用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析法探查PON2基因A148G多态性在正常对照组、单纯2型糖尿病组、糖尿病肾病组中的基因频率分布;(2)放射免疫法检测血清免疫反应性胰岛素(IRI)、C肽(C-P)水平.结果(1)糖尿病肾病组GG基因型和G等位基因频率明显高于单纯2型糖尿病组(X2=4.26 P＜0.05,X2=4.89P＜0.05)和正常对照组(X2=4.79 P＜0.05,X2=5.49P＜0.01);(2)基因型为GG的糖尿病患者空腹血糖浓度高于基因型为GA和AA的糖尿病患者的空腹血糖浓度(F=3.90 P＜0.05,F=4.23 P＜0.05);(3)Logistic回归分析表明GG基因型是糖尿病肾病的独立变异危险因素(P＜0.05).结论PON2基因多态性与糖尿病肾病的发生有关.     

肾素-血管紧张素系统基因多态性与2型糖尿病患者慢性肾脏病的相关性研究

目的探讨血管紧张素原(AGT)及血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)基因多态性与2型糖尿病患者慢性肾脏病(CKD)的关系。方法将76例患CKD的2型糖尿病患者,根据肾穿刺活检病理分为糖尿病肾病(DN)组(28例)、非糖尿病性肾病(NDRD)组(30例)和DN合并NDRD组(18例);另外选择30名健康体检者作为正常对照组。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术方法检测上述研究对象的AGT基因M235 T多态性和AT1R基因A1166C多态性。结果NDRD组的主要病理类型是为膜性肾病和IgA肾病,DN+NDRD组NDRD的主要病理类型为膜性肾病、IgA肾病和高血压性肾小动脉硬化,两组NDRD的病理类型均无显著性差异(P0.05)。DN组和DN+NDRD组AGT基因M235 T-TT基因型频率明显高于NDRD组和正常对照组(P0.05),T等位基因频率明显高于NDRD组(P0.05)和正常对照组(P0.01),NDRD组和正常对照组比较以及DN组和DN+NDRD组比较AGT-TT基因型和T等位基因频率均无明显差异(P0.05)。各组AT1R基因A1166C多态性无显著性差异。AGT基因M235 T-TT基因型为2型糖尿病肾脏疾病患者eGFR下降的危险因素。结论AGT基因M235 T-TT基因型以及T等位基因与2型糖尿病患者DN及DN合并NDRD的发生有关,与NDRD的发生无关。AGT基因M235 T-TT基因型是2型糖尿病CKD患者肾功能减退的易感因素。AT1R基因多态性与2型糖尿病患者肾脏疾病的发生发展无关。     

内皮细胞固有型一氧化氮合酶基因内含子4插入/缺失多态性与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的：对天津地区汉族人内皮细胞固有型一氧化氮合酶（ecNOS)基因内含子4的插入／缺失多态性（ecNOS4b/a)与2型糖尿病肾病（DN）的关联性进行研究。方法：应用PCR－小卫星DNA多态性分析技术对ecNOS4b/a基因型分布进行检测。包括正常对照组70例，2型糖尿病无DN组48例，2型糖尿病有DN无慢性肾功能不全（CRF）组35例，2型糖尿病DN有CRF组45例和非DN导致的CRF组58例。结果：（1）发现1例罕见基因型（女性DN无CRF患者），为447bp 420bp杂合子。（2）2型糖尿病无DN组a等位基因频率高于正常对照组，差异无显著性意义（χ^2=1.672,P=0.196).(3)2型糖尿病伴DN组a等位基因频率低于2型糖尿病无DN组，差异无显著性意义（χ^2=1.082,P=0.298)。（4）DN无CRF组与DN伴CRF组等位基因频率相近（校正χ^2=0.002,P=0.967)。（5）DN伴CRF组a等位基因频率低于其它原因导致的CRF组，差异有显著性意义（χ^2=0.002,P=0.967)。（5）DN伴CRF组a等位基因频率低于其它原因导致的CRF组，差异有显著性意义（χ^2=4.360,P=06037)。结论：a等位基因可能不是天津汉族人DN的危险因素；天津地区汉族健康人群a等位基因频率低于日本；ecNOS在DN导致的CRF中的作用可能与非DN CRF不同。     

醛糖还原酶基因5＇端(A-C)n的多态性与Ⅱ型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病易感性的关系

目的探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病（DM）醛糖还原酶（AR）基因5’端的（AC）n的多态性与糖尿病肾病（DN）易感性的关系。方法应用32PdCTP掺入聚合酶链反应（PCR）,PCR产物6％甲酰胺聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及放射性自显影的方法,分析了113例Ⅱ型DM组和42例正常对照（CON）组醛糖还原酶（AR）基因5’端的（AC）n的多态性与糖尿病肾病易感性的关系。结果DM组和对照组均发现7种等位基因（Z－6～Z＋6）,Z－2等位基因频率在DN组高于无微血管并发症组（NDC）和CON组;Z＋2等位基因频率在DN组低于NDC和CON组,P＜0．05。结论中国北方汉族Ⅱ型DM患者AR基因5’端（AC）n存在7种等位基因（Z－6～Z＋6）。Z－2等位基因可能是DN的易感基因,Z＋2等位基因可能为其保护基因。     

Klotho基因多态性与糖尿病肾病中医证候的相关性分析

目的:研究Klotho基因多态性与2型糖尿病、糖尿病肾病发病风险及糖尿病肾病中医证候之间的关联,筛选可能的易感基因型,以期对潜在高危患者及时防治。方法:采用PCR联合直接测序技术检测56例T2DM,67例T2DN,55例健康对照组的Klotho G-395A位点单核苷酸多态性。结果:G-395A不同基因型及等位基因分布频率在病例组和健康对照组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.274;P=0.298);而在T2DM组和T2DN组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.025;P=0.015);Logistic回归分析结果:携带A等位基因、高血压病史、糖尿病病程及糖化血红蛋白与DN的发生有统计学关联(P0.01)。T2DN组三种中医证候间GA+AA基因型及A等位基因频率分布有显著差别,具有统计学意义(P=0.013;P=0.037)。结论:本课题未发现G-395A位点多态性与T2DM的发病风险存在关联性;携带A等位基因可能是湖北地区汉族人群T2DM患者合并肾损害的独立危险因素之一,而GA及AA基因型可能是糖尿病肾病的遗传易感危险基因型。携带A等位基因可能是脾肾阳虚型糖尿病肾病的风险因素之一。     

A common polymorphism in the 5'-untranslated region of the VEGF gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major mediator of vascular permeability and angiogenesis, may play a pivotal role in mediating the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, we examined the genetic variations of the VEGF gene to assess its possible relation to diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Among seven common polymorphisms in the promoter region, 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and 3'UTR of the VEGF gene, genotype distribution of the C(-634)G polymorphism differed significantly (P = 0.011) between patients with (n = 150) and without (n = 118) retinopathy, and the C allele was significantly increased in patients with retinopathy compared with those without retinopathy (P = 0.0037). The odds ratio (OR) for the CC genotype of C(-634)G to the GG genotype was 3.20 (95% CI 1.45-7.05, P = 0.0046). The -634C allele was significantly increased in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (non-PDR) (P = 0.0026) and was insignificantly increased in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (P = 0.081) compared with patients without retinopathy, although frequencies of the allele did not differ significantly between the non-PDR and PDR groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the C(-634)G polymorphism was strongly associated with an increased risk of retinopathy (P = 0.0018). Furthermore, VEGF serum levels were significantly higher in healthy subjects with the CC genotype of the C(-634)G polymorphism than in those with the other genotypes. These data suggest that the C(-634)G polymorphism in the 5'UTR of the VEGF gene is a novel genetic risk factor for diabetic retinopathy.     

Association of the VEGF gene polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic microvascular complications are the major causes of morbidity and early mortality in diabetes. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent multifunctional cytokine which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. We examined the possible association of the VEGF gene polymorphisms with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: Genotyping of the VEGF gene insertion/deletion (I/D) and +405 polymorphisms was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. A total of 426 patients with type 2 diabetes and 493 healthy subjects were genotyped. The frequency of VEGF alleles and genotype distribution were compared in diabetic and control groups. RESULTS: The distribution of the VEGF DD genotype was significantly different in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with healthy controls, entire diabetic group and patients with no complications (44 vs. 23, 30 and 21%, respectively; P < 0.01). Such differences were not observed in the diabetic nephropathy group. The odds ratio for the D allele was 2.27 (95% CI 1.59-3.25). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the D allele of the VEGF gene I/D polymorphism was an independent risk factor of retinopathy (P < 0.001). The VEGF +405 genotype was not associated with diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes patients. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the I/D polymorphism in the promoter region of the VEGF gene is associated with retinopathy but not nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the D allele of the VEGF polymorphism is an independent risk factor of diabetic retinopathy after controlling for other clinical variables.     

Polymorphisms in the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene are associated with NT-proBNP levels but not with diabetic nephropathy or mortality in type 1 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND: Circulating N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels are elevated in patients with diabetic nephropathy and independently predict excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we investigated the association between two polymorphisms -381T/C and 1551G/A of the BNP gene, plasma NT-proBNP levels and mortality prognosis in 380 type 1 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: In a prospective observational follow-up study, 197 type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy {121 men, age [mean (SD)] 41 +/- 9.5 years, duration of diabetes 28 +/- 8.0 years, glomerular filtration rate 67 +/- 28 ml/min/1.73 m2}, and a matched control group of 183 patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes and persistent normoalbuminuria (111 men, age 43 +/- 10.0 years, duration of diabetes 27 +/- 8.3 years) were followed for 12.6 (0.0-12.9) years. Plasma NT-proBNP concentration was determined by immunoassay at baseline. The BNP genotypes were determined by TaqMan chemistry based assays. RESULTS: The two polymorphisms were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.883) and thus only the results of the -381T/C promoter polymorphism are shown. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in either genotype distributions (cases TT 32%, TC 53%, CC 15%; controls TT 28%, TC 52%, CC 20%) or allele frequencies (cases T/C 0.58/0.42; controls T/C 0.54/0.46) for the -381T/C polymorphism. Among the 164 normoalbuminuric patients without antihypertensive treatment and previous major cardiovascular disease (CVD), the -381T/C polymorphism was associated with circulating levels of NT-proBNP [median (interquartile range) 21 (5-32), 34 (12-67) and 32 (12-58) ng/l for TT, TC and CC, respectively (P = 0.041)] persisting after adjustment for covariates (P = 0.018). During follow-up, the -381T/C polymorphism did not predict all-cause or cardiovascular mortality among type 1 diabetic patients with or without diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS: The BNP -381T/C and 1551G/A polymorphisms are associated with circulating levels of NT-proBNP but not with prevalent overt diabetic nephropathy. These polymorphisms do not predict all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in Caucasian type 1 diabetic patients with or without diabetic nephropathy.     

The C-174G promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene affects energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed in many tissues. IL-6 null mice show low energy expenditure, but the effect of the variants of the IL-6 gene on energy expenditure has not been previously studied in humans. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the C-174G promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene on energy expenditure, measured by indirect calorimetry in healthy Finnish subjects (n = 124). We also measured insulin sensitivity by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Subjects with the C-174C genotype of the IL-6 gene had significantly lower energy expenditure than subjects with the G-174C or G-174G genotypes both in fasting (CC 13.68 +/- 1.98, CG 14.73 +/- 1.57, GG 14.81 +/- 2.01 kcal x kg(-1) x min(-1); P = 0.012) and during the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (CC 15.24 +/- 2.05, CG 16.62 +/- 2.06, GG 16.66 +/- 2.50 kcal x kg(-1) x min(-1); P = 0.007). Moreover, subjects homozygous for the C allele had lower rates of whole-body glucose uptake than carriers of the G allele (CC 50.95 +/- 13.91, CG 59.40 +/- 14.17, GG 59.21 +/- 15.93 micro mol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P = 0.016). The rates of both oxidative (P = 0.013) and nonoxidative (P = 0.016) glucose disposal were significantly affected by the IL-6 promoter polymorphism. In conclusion, the C-174C promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene influences energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity in healthy normoglycemic subjects. Whether this polymorphism is a risk factor for obesity or type 2 diabetes can be estimated only in prospective population-based studies.     

Interaction of interleukin-6 and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms on bone mass accrual in Chinese adolescent girls

We assessed the main and interaction effects of interleukin-6 and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms on bone mass accrual in Chinese adolescent girls. A total of 228 premenarche Chinese girls (9-11.5 years old) were recruited for a 2-year follow-up study. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the total body, lumbar spine (L1-L4), and total left hip were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and follow-up. The -174G/C and -634C/G polymorphism of IL-6 gene, and PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha gene, were determined. The -634C/G polymorphism of the IL-6 gene and PvuII polymorphism of ER-alpha gene were significantly associated with bone mass accrual after adjusting the potential confounding factors. Girls with pp genotype of ER-alpha gene had greater percentage accrual in BMD of total body (P = 0.010) and femoral intertrochanter (P = 0.038) than their PP and Pp counterparts. Girls with CC genotype of IL-6 -634G/C gene had higher percentage accrual in BMD of total body (P = 0.032) and femoral trochanter (P = 0.048) than their CG + GG counterparts. Significant interaction effects of IL-6 -634C/G polymorphism and ER-alpha PvuII polymorphism were observed on percentage change in BMD of total left hip (P = 0.009) and femoral intertrochanter (P = 0.007). The genotype CC (IL-6 -634C/G) x pp (ER-alpha PvuII) was associated with greater BMD accrual than other genotype combination in Chinese adolescent girls. We found that the IL-6 -634C/G and ER-alpha PvuII polymorphism were significantly associated with BMD accrual and that they have an interactional effect on BMD accrual in Chinese adolescent girls.     

Increased frequency of G-protein beta 3-subunit 825 T allele in dialyzed patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: A polymorphism (C825T) in exon 10 of the gene encoding the beta 3 subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins (GN beta 3) has recently been described, and the T allele was found to be associated with late-onset hypertension. Because hypertension is a known risk factor for the development of clinically manifest progressive renal disease, we examined the C825T polymorphism in older hemodialysis patients suffering from nondiabetic renal disease or type 2 diabetes with presumed diabetic nephropathy, respectively, and in older healthy controls. METHODS: Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction enzyme analysis. RESULTS: The study showed that the frequency of the T allele in the nondiabetic patients on dialysis (0.232) was significantly (P < 0.03) lower than in older healthy controls (0.293). In contrast, the frequency was significantly (P < 0.02) higher in older patients with type 2 diabetes on dialysis. No significant change in T-allele frequency was noted in older patients with type 2 diabetes without microangiopathy (0.286). The odds ratios for patients with type 2 diabetes on dialysis versus nondiabetic patients on dialysis were 3.24 (1.3 to 7.9, P < 0.00079) for TT/CC and 1.82 (1.07 to 3.09, P < 0.02) for CT/CC. The respective odds ratios for patients with type 2 diabetes on dialysis versus controls were 2.05 (1.07 to 3.9, P < 0.028) for CT/CC and 1.216 (0.79 to 1.87; P < 0.37) for CT/CC. CONCLUSION: The data do not support a role of the hypertension-associated T allele in the genesis of dialysis-dependent end-stage renal failure in general, but are compatible with a specific role of the T allele in the development or progression of diabetic nephropathy.     

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 -2518G/A gene polymorphism and the risk of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus among Asians: a meta-analysis

The association between monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) -2518G/A gene polymorphism and the risk of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association of MCP-1 -2518G/A gene polymorphism with the risk of nephropathy in T2DM. Eight studies were included in our meta-analysis by searching electronic databases according to predefined criteria. No significant association between G allele, GG genotype, or AA genotype and the onset of nephropathy in T2DM was observed among Asians. GA genotype was significantly associated with nephropathy risk in T2DM among Asians (p?=?0.024). MCP-1 -2518G/A gene polymorphism was not associated with nephropathy risk in T2DM among Chinese, Koreans, and Turks. For Indians, G allele and AA genotype were not associated with nephropathy risk in T2DM, GG genotype was associated with a lower risk of nephropathy in T2DM (p?=?0.017), GA genotype was associated with the susceptibility of nephropathy in T2DM (p?=?0.029). In conclusions, GA genotype might be a risk factor for the onset of nephropathy in T2DM among Asians, particularly Indians; GG genotype seems to be a protective factor against the susceptibility of nephropathy in T2DM among Indians.