陈旧性髋臼骨折开放复位内固定术中腹主动脉球囊的应用

目的探讨陈旧性髋臼骨折开放复位内固定术中应用腹主动脉球囊降低失血量的效果。方法回顾性分析2013年6月～2018年6月手术治疗的32例陈旧性髋臼骨折患者的临床资料,均行K-L入路髋臼骨折复位内固定术。根据术中是否应用腹主动脉球囊分为观察组(n=15)和对照组(n=17)。记录并比较两组患者的手术相关指标、骨折复位情况、临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果所有患者均随访超过1年。观察组手术时间、术中出血量及异体输血量均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。术后末次随访,两组骨折复位优良率、临床疗效优良率及并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于陈旧性髋臼骨折患者,腹主动脉球囊阻断有助于减少术中出血量及异体输血量,是控制术中出血的有效方法。     

腹主动脉球囊阻断术在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果

目的分析腹主动脉球囊阻断术在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果。方法选取2014-06-2018-06间本院收治的42例凶险性前置胎盘患者作为研究对象。将2016-06-2018-06间收治的22例凶险性前置胎盘患者作为A组,剖宫产术前行腹主动脉阻断球囊阻断术(术前腹主动脉球囊预置、术中暂时阻断腹主动脉血流);将2014-06-2016-05间收治的20例患者作为B组,剖宫产术前不预置腹主动脉球囊。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后子宫切除率、ICU转入率及新生儿Apgar评分、出生体质量。结果 A组产妇手术时间短于B组、术中出血量少于B组、术后子宫切除率及ICU转入率均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组新生儿出生1 min后Apgar评分及新生儿出生体质量和新生儿窒息发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹主动脉球囊阻断术应用于凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中,可有效控制术中出血量,降低子宫切除的风险。     

两种入路手术治疗髋臼骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较髂腹股沟与腹直肌外侧入路手术治疗髋臼骨折的疗效。方法 将50例髋臼骨折患者根据随机数字表法分为对照组(采用髂腹股沟入路切开复位内固定治疗，25例)和观察组(采用腹直肌外侧入路切开复位内固定治疗，25例)。记录骨折愈合时间及并发症发生情况，根据Matta影像学评估标准评估髋臼骨折复位质量，采用疼痛VAS评分评估疼痛情况，采用改良Merle D′Aubigne-Postel评分系统评价髋关节功能。结果 患者均获得随访，时间6～24个月。骨折复位质量优良率和骨折愈合时间两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术中3例发生腹膜损伤。对照组术后5例出现股前外侧皮神经损伤症状。术后3 d疼痛VAS评分观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6个月髋关节功能优良率观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 与髂腹股沟入路相比，腹直肌外侧入路手术治疗髋臼骨折疼痛缓解较好，髋关节功能恢复满意。     

腹主动脉球囊阻断术治疗骨盆骨折大出血

目的 探讨股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉球囊阻断术治疗骨盆骨折大出血的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003年5月至2010年5月采用股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断术治疗的23例骨盆骨折大出血患者的临床资料.男15例,女8例;年龄17～62岁,平均32岁.致伤原因:交通伤17例,高处坠落伤4例,其他2例.骨盆骨折AO分型:B2型4例,B3型2例,C1型1例,C2型4例,C3型12例.闭合性骨折18例,开放性骨折5例.所有患者均行股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断,盆腔探查止血;15例行单侧髂内动脉结扎,6例行双侧髂内动脉结扎;17例患者行骨盆骨折复位外固定支架固定,6例一期钢板内固定.结果 23例患者均被抢救成功.手术时间2～7 h,平均4.2 h;腹主动脉阻断时间15～120 min,平均46 min;输血量1500～8500 ml,平均4000 ml.14例患者采用术中自体血回输,回输血量700～5000ml,平均1500 ml.21例患者获随访,随访时间5～36个月,平均26个月.根据Tornetta和Matta评定标准,骨盆骨折复位结果:优13例,良7例,可2例,差1例.术后功能根据Majeed评分:优11例,良4例,可4例,差2例.术后并发症:伤口感染1例,脂肪液化1例,经换药治愈;下肢深静脉血栓1例,保守治疗痊愈;骶髂关节复位不良1例,骨盆畸形愈合1例,未行特殊处理.无动脉穿破,肾功能损害,脊髓缺血损伤,腹腔、盆腔器官缺血性坏死,血管内膜损伤等腹主动脉阻断相关并发症.结论 股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断术可以在最短时间内提供最有效的止血,迅速改善失血性休克,维持有效循环;提高抢救成功率,降低骨盆骨折早期病死率;是骨盆骨折大出血紧急状态下的有效抢救措施之一.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the efficacy of temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta in the treatment of massive bleeding after pelvic fracture.Methods From May 2003 to May 2010,temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta was performed for 23 patients with massive bleeding after pelvic fracture.There are 15 male and 8 female patients with a mean age of 32 years (range,17-62 years).The mechanisms of injury included traffic accidents in 17 cases,falls in 4,engine injury in 1 and crash injury in 1 case.According to AO classification,4 cases were of type B2,4 of type B3,2 of type B3,1 of type C1,4 of type C2,and 12 of type C3.After aorta occlusion,the internal iliac vessel was ligated and the bleeding sites were tamponed.The fractures of pelvis were reduced.External fixation was used in 17 cases and screws and plates were used to fixation in 6 cases.Results All cases were rescued successfully.The average volume of blood transfusion was 4000 ml (range,1500-8500 ml).Intraoperative self-blood transfusion was performed in 14 patients.The average volume of self-blood transfusion was 1500 ml (range,700-5000 ml).Twenty-one patients were followed;the duration of follow-up was 26 months (range,5-36 months).The functional results were excellent in 11 cases,good in 4,fair in 3 and poor in 2 according to Majeed scores system.Complications included 2 cases of infection,1 of lower limb deep venous thrombosis,1 of malreduction of sacroiliac joint,and 1 of malunion of pelvic fracture.No complication was found due to the aorta occlusion or the internal iliac vessel ligation.Conclusion Temporary occlusion of abdominal aorta was an efficient and quick method in the treatment of massive bleeding after pelvic fracture.     

不同时间和复位方法空心钉内固定治疗移位股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合的比较

目的 比较不同时间和采用不同复位方法 行空心钉内固定治疗移位股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合质量. 方法 1997年1月-2007年9月,收治240例移位股骨颈骨折患者.男121例,女119例;年龄22～79岁,平均56岁.均为新鲜闭合性骨折.骨折根据部位分型:头下型133例,经颈型64例,基底型43例.根据Garden骨折分型,Ⅲ型105例,Ⅳ型135例.全部患者接受空心钉内固定,伤后至手术时间6 h～7 d.急诊行闭合复位内固定55例,有限切开复位内固定59例:择期行闭合复位内固定65例,有限切开复位内固定61例.比较骨折愈合率、复位优良率及固定优良率. 结果 闭合复位及有限切开复位手术时间及出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染发生;股骨头缺血性坏死44例,其中急诊有限切开复位内固定组坏死率低于其余3组(P<0.01).所有患者术后均获随访,随访时间12～72个月,平均38个月.193例骨折愈合,愈合时间10～23个月,平均14个月.急诊闭合复位内固定组骨折愈合率、复位优良率及固定优良率分别为74.55%、73.73%、76.36%,急诊有限切开复位内固定组分别为91.53%、94.92%、93.22%,择期闭合复位内固定组分别为69.23%、70.77%、73.85%,择期有限切开复位内固定组分别为86.89%、91.80%、88.52%.有限切开复位内固定组骨折愈合率、复位优良率及固定优良率均高于闭合复位内固定组(P<0.01),急诊手术组与择期手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 复位方式对空心钉内固定治疗移位股骨颈骨折术后骨折愈合有显著影响,手术时间对骨折愈合影响不明显.     

腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在骶骨肿瘤切除中的临床评价

[目的]探讨应用腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在行骶骨肿瘤切除术中的临床应用价值。[方法]对36例骶骨肿瘤患者切除过程中应用腹主动脉球囊阻断技术(腹主动脉球囊阻断组),复习既往32例骶骨肿瘤应用传统的术前血管栓塞技术切除肿瘤患者(对照组)的临床资料,比较2组手术时间、出血量、并发症发生率、平均住院时间、术后恢复时间及复发率。[结果]腹主动脉球囊阻断组手术时间为(149.19±73.81)min,术中出血量为(826.67±509.11)ml,有2例骶神经损伤,平均住院时间(26.05±7.08)d,术后恢复时间(34.61±8,22)d,半年复发率5.5%,1年复发率11%,2年复发率16%;对照组手术时间为(221.33±45.19)min,出血量为(1652±706.99)ml,有3例骶神经损伤,4例出现局部皮肤缺血性疼痛,1例出现性功能障碍。平均住院时间(37.93±7.63)d,术后恢复时间(46.03±9.67)d,半年复发率18%,1年复发率31%,2年复发率40.6%。两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。[结论]在骶骨肿瘤过程中,采用腹主动脉球囊阻断技术,可以缩短手术时间,减少出血量及并发症,缩短住院天数,术后恢复快,降低了复发率。是一项具有实用价值的临床技术。     

有限切开复位与闭合复位治疗儿童Gartland Ⅲ型肱骨髁上骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较有限切开复位与闭合复位内固定治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折的疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年12月收治并获随访的98例儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折患者资料,其中有限切开复位组(行内侧或外侧小切口切开复位内固定)78例,男53例,女25例;平均年龄为75.9个月 闭合复位组(行闭合复位内固定)20例,男15例,女5例;平均年龄为70.7个月.比较两组患者的手术时间、术中透视次数和骨折愈合时间.术后3个月和1年时采用Flynn肘关节评分标准评定疗效. 结果 有限切开复位组手术时间[(52.2±7.0) min]较闭合复位组[(72.8±13.7) min]短;术中透视次数[(3.3±1.0)次]少于闭合复位组[(9.9±1.9)次],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).所有患者术后获12～ 24个月(平均16.3个月)随访,均在术后4周获骨折临床愈合,术后2个月获骨性愈合.按照Flynn肘关节评分标准评定疗效:术后3个月有限切开复位组优良率[24.4％(19/78)]与闭合复位组[30％ (6/20)]比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后1年有限切开复位组优良率[100％ (78/78)]与闭合复位组[95％ (19/20)],比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0).05).两组均无骨折延迟愈合、骨筋膜间室综合征和医源性血管神经损伤等并发症发生,无一例需再次行髁上截骨术.结论 有限切开复位与闭合复位治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折,骨折愈合时间相同,而无法闭合复位的儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折可通过有限切开复位获得满意复位,且后者手术时间短、术中透视次数少、术后1年患者肘关节功能更好.     

切开复位内固定治疗陈旧性与新鲜性髋臼骨折的临床对比研究

[目的]回顾性对比研究切开复位内固定术治疗陈旧性与新鲜性髋臼骨折的临床效果。[方法]回顾总结2009年9月²013年3月应用切开复位内固定的方法分别治疗陈旧性和新鲜性髋臼骨折共90余例,其中陈旧性35例,男23例,女12例;年龄232013年3月应用切开复位内固定的方法分别治疗陈旧性和新鲜性髋臼骨折共90余例,其中陈旧性35例,男23例,女12例;年龄23⁶7岁,平均40岁,手术时间为伤后2267岁,平均40岁,手术时间为伤后22⁶5 d,平均36 d;新鲜性髋臼骨折55例,男39例,女16例,年龄1765 d,平均36 d;新鲜性髋臼骨折55例,男39例,女16例,年龄17⁸6岁,平均56岁,手术时间386岁,平均56岁,手术时间3²0 d,平均8.1 d,手术根据骨折类型采用髂腹股沟入路、Kocher-Langenbenk入路或联合入路,采用Matta标准评定骨折复位效果,采用Matta改良的D'Aubigne和Postal评分标准评定临床效果。[结果]全部病例均得到随访,随访时间1220 d,平均8.1 d,手术根据骨折类型采用髂腹股沟入路、Kocher-Langenbenk入路或联合入路,采用Matta标准评定骨折复位效果,采用Matta改良的D'Aubigne和Postal评分标准评定临床效果。[结果]全部病例均得到随访,随访时间12²4个月,平均18个月,骨折复位质量采用Matta标准,陈旧性骨折组:解剖复位15例,满意复位17例,不满意复位3例。新鲜骨折组:解剖复位35例,满意复位19例,不满意复位1例。两组满意复位率比较,差异无统计学意义;临床效果根据Matta改良的D'Aubigne和Postal评分,陈旧骨折组:优16例,良15例,一般2例,差2例,新鲜骨折组:优35例,良18例,一般1例,差1例,两组优良率比较,差异无统计学意义。[结论]切开复位内固定治疗陈旧性髋臼骨折与新鲜髋臼骨折相比,满意复位率及临床效果优良率差异均无统计学意义,是治疗陈旧性髋臼骨折有效、可行的方法。     

球囊阻断腹主动脉在骶骨肿瘤术中的初步应用

目的探讨经皮球囊导管置入暂时阻断腹主动脉血流在骶骨肿瘤术中的临床应用价值.方法 6例骶骨肿瘤患者,脊索瘤4例,骨巨细胞瘤2例,术前经股动脉置入球囊导管,使球囊位于腹主动脉远段,术中间断性充盈球囊阻断腹主动脉血流.结果手术过程顺利;术中失血500～4000 ml,平均1683 ml,术后引流100～1200 ml,平均600 ml;患者术后无栓塞、缺血等并发症发生.结论经皮球囊导管置入暂时阻断腹主动脉血流是一种有价值的可以帮助减少骶骨肿瘤术中失血的辅助方法.     

计算机导航辅助下髋臼骨折的微创治疗

目的 探讨计算机导航辅助下对髋臼骨折采用经皮或有限切开复位微创治疗的疗效.方法 2006年6月至2009年10月对17例髋臼骨折患者根据骨折类型和患者一般情况采取闭合或有限切开复位,髋臼前后柱螺钉固定.其中男12例,女5例;年龄19～66岁,平均45.6岁.所有固定柱的空心螺钉均在导航系统指导下置入.术后第2天开始下肢功能锻炼.计算平均置入1枚髋臼前后柱螺钉所需时间、透视次数及新鲜髋臼骨折手术出血量. 结果 本组患者共置入29枚螺钉,平均置入1枚螺钉所需时间为34min,透视次数为29次.新鲜骨折中示切开复位患者出血量低于50 mL,有限切开复位患者出血量平均为350 mL.所有患者术后随访6～60个月,平均30个月.按照Matta功能评分平均为16.1分,优良率为82.4％.按照Matta放射评分优良率为941％.无神经、血管损伤并发症发生. 结论 计算机导航辅助下对髋臼骨折实施闭合复位或者有限切开复位,空心螺钉固定的微创治疗,疗效满意,同时大大减少手术相关并发症.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92