S-ROM假体全髋关节置换术联合股骨粗隆下截骨治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

目的评估S-ROM假体全髋关节置换术联合股骨粗隆下截骨治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2016-12采用全髋关节置换术治疗的36例CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良,经后外侧入路或改良Hardinge入路显露髋臼及股骨,于股骨小粗隆上方约1 cm行股骨颈截骨,采用S-ROM股骨假体与股骨粗隆下截骨技术。结果 36例均获得随访,随访时间平均61(36~108)个月。术后所有患者均未出现股骨侧假体下沉,髋臼侧均未出现骨溶解。股骨粗隆下截骨区域均愈合,愈合时间为4~7(5.3±2.4)个月。末次随访时疼痛VAS评分为(2.6±1.4)分,较术前明显降低;髋关节功能Harris评分为(90.6±6.9)分,较术前明显提高。结论 S-ROM假体全髋关节置换联合股骨粗隆下截骨治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良安全性高、术后并发症少、髋关节功能恢复良好。     

髓内打压植骨结合广泛多孔涂层长柄假体在股骨侧严重骨缺损（PaproskymA型）翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨股骨侧严重骨缺损（Paprosky ⅢA型）翻修中应用髓内打压植骨结合广泛多孔涂层长柄假体的临床疗效.方法 2006年3月～2010年9月,对38例（38髋）Paprosky ⅢA型股骨骨缺损患者行翻修重建,其中男24例,女14例,平均年龄62岁.翻修原因：骨溶解、无菌性松动29例,全髋关节置换术（THA）术后感染二期翻修6例,假体周围骨折3例（Vancouver B3型）.股骨侧干骺端骨缺损采用同种异体颗粒骨髓腔内打压植骨进行修复,股骨柄采用全涂层长柄假体（7～10英寸）.术后定期随访,髋关节功能评价采用Harris评分,影像学采用X线片及CT观察：假体柄有无松动下沉、股骨近端应力遮挡情况、植入的异体颗粒骨与宿主骨整合情况.结果 38例均获得随访,平均随访53.4个月（23～62个月）,Harris评分由术前平均42分（32～47分）,提高至末次随访时平均86分（69～95分）.无患者发生脱位、假体周围骨折.1例术后感染,行再次二期翻修;1例假体柄在术后6个月内下沉4.24 cm,再次翻修时选择更粗的假体柄,末次随访时假体柄稳定;其余所有患者假体柄均牢固固定.3例出现轻-中度应力遮挡.15例近端皮质骨密度及厚度有增加,厚度平均增加约1.8 mm（0.7～3.5 mm）,植入骨与宿主骨逐渐整合并增加了骨缺损区的骨质储备.结论严重骨缺损（Paprosky ⅢA型）的股骨翻修中,采用髓内颗粒骨打压植骨可以很好的修复股骨中上段骨缺损,重建股骨干骺端.依靠广泛多孔涂层长柄假体在远端的牢固压配固定,结合股骨干骺端髓内紧密打压植骨,使假体柄在股骨中上段及远端均能获得较好的初始稳定性,近期临床和影像学结果满意,远期疗效有待观察.     

S-ROM假体全髋关节置换治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

目的:探讨S-ROM假体全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良的方法并评价其疗效。方法:2000年10月至2011年10月,应用全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者30例36髋,其中6例双侧,24例单侧。采用S-ROM假体结合股骨转子下横断截骨短缩行人工关节置换术,髋臼侧均采用生物型假体,假体在真臼水平或接近于真臼水平植入。对临床结果采用改良Harris评分进行评价,术前及术后随访时均拍X线片进行观察。结果:30例中早期死亡l例(双髋),失访2例(2髋),余27例32髋获得随访,时间7～84个月,平均48个月。2髋分别于术后12、18个月随访时仍可见骨折线,下肢行走无异常,术后未发生感染或神经损伤等严重并发症。改良Harris评分由术前平均41.7±3.7改善至术后89.1±2.9。无假体松动或位置不当需要翻修的病例。影像学复查显示关节假体在位,金属臼杯、股骨假体与宿主骨嵌合良好,无明显松动。所有施行臼侧植骨及股骨截骨的患者植骨及截骨处均骨性愈合,无假体松动,活动度无明显受限,患髋无痛,Trendelenburg征阴性,均无须使用行走辅助工具。结论:对CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者行全髋关节置换术时,良好的真臼暴露、加深髋臼、股骨短缩、斜行截骨及使用S-ROM组配式股骨柄假体假体能提高全髋关节置换术的治疗效果。     

应用组配式S-ROM假体行初次全髋关节置换术治疗严重髋关节发育不良

[目的]探讨应用非骨水泥型组配式S-ROM假体行初次全髋关节置换术治疗严重髋关节发育不良的近期疗效。[方法]对18例(19髋)严重髋关节发育不良患者应用S-ROM假体行初次全髋关节置换术。其中男性6例,女性12例,平均年龄32岁。按Crowe分型,CroweⅢ型11例11髋,CroweⅣ型7例8髋。手术采用在真臼位置磨锉加深重建髋臼,股骨侧选用S-ROM组配式假体,复位困难者行转子下截骨。术前和术后随访时应用Harris髋关节评分(Harris hip score,HHS)和影像学检查对髋关节功能进行评估。[结果]术中1例股骨近端裂缝骨折,用双股钢丝环扎固定。术后有2例出现坐骨神经牵拉症状,术后3个月内完全恢复。所有患者均得到有效随访,有1例患者大转子上方发生异位骨化,但不影响关节活动度,未发现感染、骨质溶解、假体松动、脱位等并发症。平均随访2.8年(6个月~5年)。HHS评分由术前平均38.4分增加到末次随访时的85.2分。[结论]S-ROM假体是治疗严重髋关节发育不良的理想选择,近期效果良好。     

全髋关节置换术治疗成人Crowe Ⅳ型先天性髋关节发育不良的近期疗效

目的 :探讨成人Crowe Ⅳ型先天性髋关节发育不良行全髋关节置换术的手术方法和近期临床疗效。方法:2010年3月至2015年3月对20例20髋成人CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节发育不良行全髋关节置换术,其中男4例,女16例;年龄32~68岁,平均52岁。髋臼侧均采用生物型假体在真臼水平植入,股骨侧采用S-R0M假体结合股骨粗隆下横断截骨短缩行人工关节置换术,对临床结果采用改良Harris评分进行评价,术前及术后随访时均拍X线片进行观察。结果:患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无髋关节脱位、静脉血栓发生。所有患者获随访,时间8~60个月,平均38.1个月。术后X线片显示髋臼假体均位于真臼内,无髋臼假体松动。股骨侧截骨处均骨性愈合,Harris评分由术前平均(50.90±9.35)分提高至末次随访的(90.25±3.16)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。有1例术中发生小转子劈裂,1例术后出现坐骨神经损伤症状,1例出现BrookerⅠ型异位骨化,所有患者术后髋关节活动度好,疼痛基本消失。结论:应用S-ROM假体结合粗隆下截骨全髋关节置换术是治疗成人CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节发育不良的有效手术方法,近期临床疗效满意。     

广泛多孔涂层柄应用于初次髋关节置换术后假体无菌性松动翻修的短中期疗效分析

目的探讨广泛多孔涂层柄应用于初次髋关节置换术后假体无菌性松动翻修术的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析笔者自2009-01—2015-03应用同一广泛多孔涂层柄对25例初次髋关节置换术后假体无菌性松动行翻修术。观察翻修时间、出血量、术中骨性操作、术后并发症等。结果手术时间平均82.5(60~200)min,出血量平均750(400~2300)ml。1例因假体取出困难行扩大粗隆截骨术,4例行股骨远端开窗,1例因假体固定较好而强行打出假体时并发股骨近端骨折,1例在置入假体时假体末端突出皮质并发骨折。所有患者均获随访平均26(6~67)个月,均显示骨长入,末次随访时HSS评分平均84.4(82~94)分,无一例诉大腿痛。结论初次髋关节置换术后假体无菌性松动行翻修术对假体的选择提出更高的要求,应用广泛多孔涂层翻修柄可安全、有效地对PaproskyⅠ~ⅢA型骨缺损进行股骨重建。     

S-ROM假体初次全髋关节置换治疗合并股骨近端畸形的髋关节晚期病变

目的探讨初次全髋关节置换术中采用组配式S-ROM假体重建股骨近端畸形的近期临床疗效。方法自2010年1月至2015年12月共收治合并股骨近端畸形的晚期髋关节病变患者34例(38髋),按Berry分类,原发病为髋关节发育不良有22例(26髋),其中CroweⅢ型14例(14髋),CroweⅣ型8例(12髋);化脓性髋关节炎后遗畸形4例(4髋);创伤后股骨畸形8例(8髋)。行全髋关节置换术时均采用组配式S-ROM假体重建股骨近端畸形,术后随访并进行临床疗效评估和放射学检查。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间18~40个月,平均28个月。术后6个月Harris髋关节评分由术前的(47.3±4.5)分恢复至术后的(86.8±3.9)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),患侧肢体平均延长2.58cm,术后未出现坐骨神经损伤、感染、股骨截骨处骨不愈合、假体松动及下沉征象。结论合并股骨近端畸形的髋关节晚期病变患者初次全髋关节置换术中运用组配式S-ROM假体重建股骨近端畸形,可很好的矫正股骨近端畸形、重建髋关节功能,且手术操作安全、并发症少、临床疗效好。     

全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良患者及围手术期并发症分析

目的:探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型成人髋关节发育不良的疗效及围手术期并发症。方法:2000年3月至2010年3月,对19例(23髋)Crowe Ⅳ型成人髋关节发育不良患者进行人工全髋关节置换术,其中男5例,女14例;年龄41～72岁,平均61.3岁。髋臼侧采用小臼杯结合髋臼内陷技术安置臼杯假体,股骨侧采用粗隆下短缩截骨放置股骨假体。采用Harris评分评价术后髋关节功能。结果:所有患者获随访,时间1～8年,平均4.2年,术后X线片显示髋臼假体均位于真臼内,无髋臼假体松动。股骨侧截骨处均骨性愈合。Harris评分由术前平均(34.0±6.9)分提高至末次随访的(85.0±7.5)分。发生围手术期并发症11例,包括股骨劈裂骨折3例,神经并发症3例,截骨延迟愈合2例,术后脱位3例。结论:采用小臼杯、假体内陷技术、股骨短缩截骨对Crowe Ⅳ型DDH患者行全髋关节置换可以重建关节功能,恢复下肢长度,早期疗效满意,但并发症发生率高。后期疗效有待进一步观察。     

组配式S-ROM假体结合粗隆下截骨治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良的疗效分析

[目的]探讨组配式S-ROM假体结合粗隆下截骨在治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良中的临床疗效。[方法]选取30例CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良的患者,男11例,女19例;年龄16~28岁,平均20岁。其中单侧29例,双侧1例。采用组配式S-ROM假体结合粗隆下截骨进行治疗,术后平均随访18个月(12~26个月),评估术后髋关节功能、股区视觉模拟评分(VAS)、肢体长度及放射学评价。[结果]30例患者全髋置换术后X线片显示假体初始固定效果优良,术后6个月Harris评分由术前的(38.6±3.7)分恢复到术后的(87.3±3.5)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前、术后股区视觉模拟评分(VAS)由术前的(6.0±1.8)分改善至术后的(0.65±1.35)分;术后股区无疼痛,患肢平均延长3 cm;术后首次X线片显示股骨柄假体的初始固定良好,随访期间,术后6个月X线片显示有1例股骨柄假体下沉1.5 mm,此后未出现假体松动及下沉征象、骨折、脱位、感染等并发症。[结论]组配式S-ROM假体结合粗隆下截骨在治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者进行人工全髋关节置换术上疗效确切,能解决髋关节发育存在的解剖变异,可有效改善关节功能,提高患者生活质量。     

应用S-ROM假体行全髋关节置换治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋臼发育不良近期疗效观察

[目的]探讨应用S-ROM股骨柄假体行全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe IV型髋臼发育不良的方法并评价其近期疗效。[方法]2011年1月~2013年6月,应用S-ROM假体行全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe IV型髋臼发育不良患者26例38髋,其中12例双侧,14例单侧。记录术前、术后的股区视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估患者疼痛程度,记录术前肢体短缩、术中截骨及术后肢体延长长度,对临床结果采用改良Harris评分进行评价,术前行骨盆X线片及髋关节CT平扫评价髋关节发育情况及髋臼骨质情况,术后复查X线片观察假体位置、是否有骨溶解、假体松动、下沉等。[结果]26例患者均获得良好随访,随访18~48个月,平均34个月,术后3 d均可扶拐下地行走,术后未发生感染或神经损伤等严重并发症。术前、术后的股区视觉模拟评分(VAS)有显著性差异(P<0.05),术后股区疼痛明显减轻。术前肢体平均短缩6.5 cm,术中平均截骨2.5 cm,术后延长4.0 cm。改良Harris评分由术前平均(43.2±7.4)分改善至术后(84.8±8.1)分。X线片观察显示臼杯在真臼位置,金属臼杯、股骨柄假体位置良好,无明显松动,无假体松动或位置不当需要翻修的病例。所有实行臼侧植骨和股骨截骨的患者植骨及截骨处术后6个月已骨性愈合。[结论]对Crowe IV型髋臼发育不良患者行全髋关节置换术时,将臼杯安放在真臼位置、粗隆下截骨短缩股骨及使用S-ROM组配式股骨柄假体能提高全髋关节置换术的近期疗效,远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

Emergence delirium in adults in the post-anaesthesia care unit

Background. Emergence delirium in the post-anaesthesia careunit (PACU) is poorly understood. The goal of this prospectivestudy was to determine frequency and risk factors of emergencedelirium in adults after general anaesthesia. Methods. In this prospective study, 1359 consecutive patientswere included. Contextual risk factors and occurrence of deliriumaccording to the Riker sedation scale were documented. Groupswere defined for the analysis according to the occurrence ornot of agitation, then after exclusion of patients with preoperativeanxiety and neuroleptics, or both, and antidepressants or benzodiazepinestreatments. Results. Sixty-four (4.7%) patients developed delirium in thePACU, which can go from thrashing to violent behaviour and removalof tubes and catheters. Preoperative anxiety was not found tobe a risk factor. Preoperative medication by benzodiazepines(OR=1.910, 95% CI=1.101–3.315, P=0.021), breast surgery(OR=5.190, 95% CI=1.422–18.947, P=0.013), abdominal surgery(OR=3.206, 95% CI=1.262–8.143, P=0.014), and long durationof surgery increased the risk of delirium (OR=1.005, 95% CI=1.002–1.008,P=0.001), while a previous history of illness and long-termtreatment by antidepressants decreased the risk (respectively,OR=0.544, 95% CI=0.315–0.939, P=0.029 and OR=0.245, 95%CI=0.084–0.710, P=0.010). Conclusions. Preoperative benzodiazepines, breast and abdominalsurgery and surgery of long duration are risk factors for emergencedelirium.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Effects of intravenous anesthetics on bacterial elimination in human blood in vitro

Backround : Since anesthetics are widely used in critically ill patients, this study investigates anesthetic effects on neutrophil and monocyte function concerning bacterial elimination in human whole blood. Methods : The effects of thiopental (20 and 200 μg/ml), propofol (5 and 50 μg/ml), midazolam (0.15 and 1.5 μg/ml) and ketamine (3 and 30 μg/ml) on elimination of Escherichia (E.) coli from whole blood were investigated in vitro after incubation for 1 h in both clinical (1) (n=10) and 10-fold higher (h) (n=11) concentrations. These data were compared to neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis (1; n=6) and burst activity (1; n=10, h; n=11), measured by flow cytometry. To enable quantification of the clearance process, a defined number of 10⁵ colony forming units of E. coli were added to the blood assays and bacterial growth was determined. Results : All anesthetics delayed bacterial clearance from the blood in the 10-fold concentration (P<0.05). Thiopental (1+h) and propofol (h) suppressed neutrophil (59±3% and 38±6%) and monocytic (45±6% and 30±11%) oxidative burst (P<0.01). Phagocytosis was reduced even after propofol (1) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (34±9%; P<0.05) and monocytes (35±11%). Ketamine (h) prolonged bacterial elimination (P<0.01), which did correlate with inhibition of monocytic phagocytosis, by 26±14%. Midazolam application (h) resulted in an inhibition of PMN-respiratory burst by 19±6% (P<0.05) and impaired bacterial clearance (P<0.05). Conclusion : Thiopental, propofol, midazolam and ketamine affect E. coli clearance and neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst and phagocytosis in vitro only in high concentrations, while thiopental inhibited monocytic burst and propofol impaired PMN phagocytosis even in clinically used concentrations. These data suggest that i.v. anesthetics in concentrations recommended for general anesthesia seem to have minor influence on the investigated host defense mechanisms.     

Fluid absorption in endoscopic surgery

Fluid absorption is an unpredictable complication of endoscopicsurgery. Absorption of small amounts of fluid (1–2 litre)occurs in 5–10% of patients undergoing transurethral prostaticresection and results in an easily overlooked mild transurethralresection (TUR) syndrome. Large-scale fluid absorption is rarebut leads to symptoms severe enough to require intensive care.Pathophysiological mechanisms consist of pharmacological effectsof the irrigant solutes, the volume effect of the irrigant water,dilutional hyponatraemia and brain oedema. Other less widelyknown factors include absolute losses of sodium by urinary excretionand morphological changes in the heart muscle, both of whichpromote a hypokinetic circulation. Studies in animals, volunteersand patients show that irrigation with glycine solution shouldbe avoided. Preventive measures, such as low-pressure irrigation,might reduce the extent of fluid absorption but does not eliminatethis complication. Monitoring the extent of absorption duringsurgery allows control of the fluid balance in the individualpatient, but such monitoring is not used widely. However, theanaesthetist must be aware of the symptoms and be able to diagnosethis complication. Treatment should be based on administrationof hypertonic saline rather than on diuretics. New techniques,such as bipolar resectoscopes and vaporizing instead of resectingtissue, result in a continuous change of the prerequisites forfluid absorption and its consequences.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Neurolytic thoracic paravertebral block in cancer pain

Background : Paravertebral block has successfully been used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The duration of paravertebral block could theoretically be prolonged by using neurolytic agents.
Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the results of neurolytic paravertebral blocks performed in 7 patients suffering from intense cancer-related thoracic pain. Thirty-seven spinal nerve roots were blocked during 20 visits. Nerve roots were identified by eliciting paresthesia radiating to the painful area. Each root was blocked separately. After test block using 0.5% bupivacaine, the paravertebral blocks were performed with 1–4 ml of 7% phenol in aqua.
Results : No technical failures or complications were recorded in the patient files. Pain relief lasted over 2 months after 4 visits (20%), from 1 week to 1 month after 5 visits (25%), and less than 1 week after a single visit (5%). After 9 visits (45%), the results were poor with no significant pain relief.
Conclusion : Neurolytic paravertebral block with phenol doses used in our patients appears to have only limited use. Some patients with pain restricted to a small number of thoracic segments may benefit from its use. Because of complication risks, this technique should be limited to intractable pain in cancer patients with poor prognosis.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Clinical significance of in vitro donor-specific hyporesponsiveness in renal allograft recipients as demonstrated by the MLR

A longitudinal study was carried out on 19 recipients of cadaveric renal allografts, monitoring their anti-donor and anti-third party responses in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) at the time of transplantation and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-transplant. Two patterns of responses were identified: in the first (n=11), patients showed, or later developed, donor-specific hyporesponsivenes, and in the second (n=8), patients had persistent antidonor and anti-third party responses. After 1 year, the serum creatinine, number of episodes of acute rejection and biopsy findings were compared in both groups. In the first group, the mean serum creatinine was 136.4 mmol/l, the total number of acute rejection episodes was three and in nine of the ten available biopsies, there were minimal cellular infiltrates and normal appearance of the glomeruli, tubules and blood vessels. In the second group, the mean serum creatinine was 163 mmol/l, the total number of acute rejection episodes was 12 and in five of the seven biopsies available, evidence of ongoing rejection was obtained. The difference in mean serum creatinine was not statistically significant (P>0.05), but the difference in the numbers of acute rejection episodes was (P>0.05). It is concluded that in some renal allograft recipients, a state of donor-specific hyporesponsiveness develops, and this state may be associated with better graft out-come at 1 year. These data may be useful in selecting patients for reduced immunosuppressive therapy.