腹腔镜胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石104例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石的手术方法及临床应用价值。方法回顾性总结2006年8月至2010年12月收治的104例胆总管结石患者经腹腔镜胆总管探查术的临床资料。结果 104例患者中94例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆囊切除＋胆总管探查取石;10例胆囊或胆道手术史的胆总管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆道探查取石术。手术时间（90±30）min。78例患者（75.0%）未放置T管,全部治愈,无中转开腹;术后早期胆漏发生率6.4%（5/78）,引流3～5d后自愈。26例放置T管患者术后造影3例有残留结石,后经胆道镜取出。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查治疗胆总管结石手术安全有效。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石一期缝合术46例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石一期缝合术的手术方法、适应证,并评估其安全性及手术价值。方法:回顾分析2005年1月至2010年1月为46例患者施行腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石一期缝合术的临床资料。结果:46例手术均获成功,术后无结石残留;1例发生胆漏,经急诊ERCP置入胆道支架治愈;术后无胰腺炎发生。随访6～36个月,无残余结石及胆管狭窄。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石一期缝合术可作为治疗胆总管结石的常规术式,术中可彻底取净结石,防止结石残留。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石8例报告

2004年5月-2005年10月，我院应用腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石8例。7例行胆总管一期缝合，手术时间90-135min，平均110min，术中出血量10-30ml，平均20ml；1例术后置T管引流，手术时间210min，出血约30ml，术后6周胆道镜检查无残余结石。住院时间8-12d，平均10d，1例发生低流量胆漏，术后7d胆漏停止，拔引流管。8例随访3-6个月，均无胆漏，B超检查无残余结石。我们认为，腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石创伤小，住院时间短，病人恢复快，并发症少。     

开腹胆系术后腹腔镜胆系再手术

目的 :探讨开腹胆系手术后腹腔镜胆系再手术的疗效。方法 :2 7例开腹胆系术后胆系病变患者 ,应用腹腔镜在直视下建立气腹 ,分离钩、超声刀交替分离腹腔、肝下粘连 ,解剖残余胆囊、胆道 ,术中胆道造影 ,纠正解剖路线和术前诊断 ,在腹腔镜下行残留胆囊切除、胆道探查、取石、胆道Ⅰ期缝合、T管引流与胆肠吻合术。结果 :在腹腔镜下 2 7例的残留胆囊切除、胆道解剖、术中造影均获成功 ,排除胆道肿瘤 2例 ,完成LC7例 ,探查胆道、取石、胆道Ⅰ期缝合 4例 ,T管引流 13例 ,胆总管 十二指肠吻合 3例 ,其中老年胆总管囊肿 1例、老年胆道下段恶性肿瘤 2例 ,胆总管狭窄胆肠Roux en Y吻合术 1例 ,胆道肿瘤 2例存活 4 ～13个月 ,余者随访 1～37个月无近远期手术并发症发生。结论 :开腹胆系术后腹腔镜下胆系再手术安全有效 ,但对医师的手术技巧要求较高 ,应根据病情设计不同的手术方式。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石30例报告

目的:总结应用腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石的体会。方法:回顾分析2002年7月至2005年5月联合应用腹腔镜胆道镜治疗胆管结石的临床资料。结果:胆总管I期缝合11例,1例出现胆漏;T管引流19例,1例术后发生水肿性胰腺炎,经保守治疗均痊愈。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆管结石患者创伤小,效果好,且安全可靠。     

术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆总管探查中的应用价值

目的:探讨术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆总管探查中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析20例腹腔镜胆总管探查术中胆道造影的临床资料。结果:20例均获成功,其中腹腔镜胆总管探查T管引流术15例,一期缝合4例,胆总管受压纠正1例。治疗效果良好,全组无结石残留,胆漏1例、引流15d痊愈。结论:腹腔镜胆总管探查术中应用术中胆道造影术安全、可靠、避免了结石残留,具有临床推广价值。     

完全腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石

目的探讨完全腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石的临床应用价值。方法自2004年11月至2009年12月间,影像学检查确诊为胆总管结石的患者109例。经胆囊管胆道镜探查胆总管取石术68例;胆总管切开胆道镜探查取石胆总管一期缝合术26例;胆总管切开胆道镜探查加T管引流术15例。结果 109例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。胆总管切开胆道镜探查取石胆总管一期缝合术中19例发生短暂胆漏,经3～6d引流后胆漏消失。其余患者术后3～10d出院,随访6～9个月,复查无胆道残留结石发生。结论完全腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石具有微创手术的优点,安全有效,可以替代传统的胆总管切开探查、T管引流术。     

“三镜联合”序贯微创治疗胆系结石

目的:总结腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜3镜联合序贯微创治疗胆系结石的方法。方法:回顾分析2001年5月至2010年5月采用"三镜联合"序贯方案治疗2012例胆系结石的临床资料。结果:1957例成功采用序贯微创方案完成治疗。其中单用腹腔镜1491例,单用十二指肠镜45例,腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜279例,腹腔镜联合胆道镜及十二指肠镜142例。中转开腹55例,总成功率97.27%。手术并发症发生率2.09%。全组无死亡病例。结论:"三镜联合"方案具有患者损伤小、痛苦少、康复快等优点,提高了胆系结石微创治疗的成功率,临床效果满意。     

腹腔镜手术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎452例报告

目的:总结腹腔镜手术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的临床经验。方法:回顾分析为452例急性结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料,其中发作72h以内346例,72h以上106例。结果:本组2000年10月前共142例,中转11例,2000年10月以后共310例,中转6例;中转病例中3例系Mirizzi综合征,1例因胆总管继发结石中转行胆道探查"T"管引流术,3例术中胆管损伤,7例胆囊及三角严重粘连,3例术中大出血。术后再手术4例,其中3例术后胆漏,1例术后出血。结论:随着腹腔镜技术的成熟,手术适应证进一步扩大,急性结石性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜下胆道镜液电碎石术治疗肝内外胆管结石

目的:总结腹腔镜下胆道镜液电碎石术治疗肝内外胆管结石的手术方法、效果及安全性。方法:回顾分析2005年1月至2012年1月采用腹腔镜下胆道镜液电碎石术治疗23例难取性肝内外胆管结石患者的临床资料,观察结石取净率及并发症发生率。结果:23例术中均碎石成功,其中22例一次性取净结石,结石取净率95.7%;1例因结石数量较多,术后6周经T管窦道行胆道镜取石术。无胆道穿孔、大出血、胆漏、切口感染等并发症发生。术后3～4 d拔除腹腔引流管,5～7 d出院。术后4周常规行T管造影,夹管3 d后拔除T管。结论:腹腔镜下结合胆道镜液电碎石术可显著提高肝内外胆管结石的疗效,手术安全、可靠。     

术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用价值

目的探讨术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法腹腔镜胆囊切除术中在切除胆囊前,常规在C型臂X线下行胆道造影,并及时采集、保存图像,以了解肝外胆管内有无结石存在。若发现结石,继而行中转开腹胆总管探查取石术。结果施行的76例术中胆道造影中,发现胆总管结石5例,其中胆总管下段多发结石2例,胆总管内单发结石2例,胆总管内一长柱状结石1例。5例胆总管结石取出术后均放置T型管,随访T管造影复查,未见结石残留。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术常规行术中胆道造影可有效地防止胆道结石残留,避免了不必要的胆管探查,减少了胆管损伤和术后并发症的发生,减少了患者的住院费用和住院时间,且术中胆道造影操作简单、迅速、安全,除有禁忌证外,应常规应用术中胆道造影。     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管造影网篮胆总管结石取出术

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除时经胆囊管取出胆总管结石的可行性. 方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2004年7月经胆囊管胆道造影18例的临床资料.腹腔镜下切除胆囊之前切开胆囊管,插入造影管行胆道造影,发现胆总管结石后,经胆囊管插入金属网篮,取出胆总管结石. 结果经胆囊管行胆总管造影18例,发现胆总管结石11例,其中2例因结石明显大于胆囊管直径,2例因导管无法经胆囊管进入胆总管,1例因结石嵌顿于壶腹部套篮无法套取结石而放弃腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出,余6例成功完成腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出术.6例随访6～18个月,B超检查未发现胆总管结石残留,无胆总管狭窄或扩张. 结论腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管结石取出术可作为部分继发性胆总管结石的术中诊断和治疗手段.     

十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯治疗胆石症2 248例分析

目的探讨十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治胆石症的价值. 方法回顾性分析2000年1月～2004年12月采用十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治方案治疗胆石症2 248例的临床资料. 结果确诊胆囊结石1 817例,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石431例.B超诊断为胆囊结石2 021例中,行术前ERCP 690例,发现胆总管结石213例;术中胆道造影(IOC)85例,发现胆总管结石10例;腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术后胆总管残余结石6例,并经EST治愈.B超诊断胆囊结石合并胆总管结石227例中,ERCP证实胆总管结石202例.行LC 1 817例,EST LC 395例,LBDE 36例(其中胆管一期缝合26例,T管引流10例).全组中转开腹28例(1.2%),并发症52例(2.3%). 结论十二指肠镜、腹腔镜序贯性诊治方案治疗胆石症,体现了内镜、腔镜联合应用的优势,术后残余结石率低,微创治疗成功率高.     

内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石

目的 :探讨运用内镜联合腹腔镜治疗肝外胆管结石的方法。方法 :对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者 ,5 1例行开腹胆囊切除 +胆总管探查术 ,4 0例行内镜下十二指肠乳头切开取石术 (EST) +腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC) ,比较两者临床疗效、住院时间、并发症等。结果 :开腹组术中结石取净率为 88 2 % ,住院时间为2 1.9± 7.2d ,术后并发切口感染 1例。内镜组中有 2例取石失败 ,改行开腹 ,余均取石成功 ,取石成功率为95 % ,住院时间为 10 3± 4 5d ,无严重并发症。结论 :与传统的开腹胆囊切除加胆总管探查术相比 ,EST +LC治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石具有创伤小、住院时间短、患者康复快、并发症少等优点 ,此种方法可代替大部分开腹胆囊切除术加胆总管探查术     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管造影的应用分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管造影技术的应用及其临床价值。方法对我院2004年1月~2005年10月在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管插管行胆管造影106例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组造影成功98例,成功率为95.3%。术中造影发现胆总管结石8例、胆囊管结石2例、胆总管损伤1例。结论术中胆管造影操作迅速、安全,显影清晰,成功率高,能降低胆管损伤的发生率,值得推广应用。     

Can intraoperative cholangiography be avoided during laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

Controversy exists as to whether intraoperative cholangiography should be performed routinely or selectively during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of the present study was to assess in which circumstances intraoperative cholangiography can be avoided during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. From January 1999 to June 2002, 168 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis without intraoperative cholangiography were prospectively evaluated at our Department. Inclusion criteria were established according to a preoperative diagnostic protocol, considering only those patients with normal liver function tests and ultrasound common bile duct diameters < or = 5 mm or > 5 mm, but with normal magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography findings. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out without intraoperative cholangiography and postoperative results and follow-up data were recorded and analysed. No major biliary injuries were encountered and no patients had residual bile duct stones after at least a one-year postoperative follow-up. A complete preoperative diagnostic work-up proved to be of fundamental importance for decreasing the incidence of residual bile duct stones. When protocol criteria are satisfied, intraoperative cholangiography may be safely omitted during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and meticulous laparoscopic technique is the main way to reduce the incidence of iatrogenic biliary lesions to a minimum.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管造影的临床应用价值

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）中胆管造影的临床应用价值.方法：回顾分析2001年4月至2006年12月在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管插管行胆管造影96例患者的临床资料.结果：造影成功93例,成功率96.9%,术中发现胆总管结石5例,胆管变异4例,胆总管损伤1例.结论：LC术中胆管造影可防止术后胆管残石的发生,避免不必要的胆管探查,明确胆管解剖及变异,预防并及时发现胆管损伤,降低了并发症,提高了质量,有较高的临床应用价值.     

Justification for routine cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been accepted by surgeons in the United States with unprecedented rapidity. Since introduction it has become, in many areas, the standard of care for treating patients with cholelithiasis. However, as with all new surgical procedures, complications are being recognized. Bile duct injuries are a complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, perhaps with greater incidence than with traditional cholecystectomy. Routine cholangiography may minimize the incidence of common bile duct injury. We review our experience with laparoscopic cholangiography and suggest methods to avoid common bile duct injury.     

"Sequential" treatment: is it the best alternative in cholecysto-choledochal lithiasis?

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. About 10-20% of patients with gallbladder stones may also present associated common bile duct stones. The management of the latter remains controversial because many different surgical strategies are available: laparoscopic treatment (laparoscopic common bile duct exploration), sequential endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic sphincterotomy [ERCP/ES] prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy), inverted sequential endoscopic-laparoscopic treatment (laparoscopic cholecystectomy followed by ERCP/ES), and combined endoscopic-laparoscopic treatment (laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative ERCP/ES). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential endoscopic-laparoscopic treatment in patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, biochemical and radiological features of 552 patients operated on for cholelithiasis from 1991 to 2001. Common bile duct stones were suspected on the basis of increased serum levels of bilirubin, GOT, GPT, GGT, alkaline phosphatase; presence of jaundice; history of pancreatitis or cholangitis; dilated common bile duct (diameter > 8 mm) or common bile duct stones at hepatobiliary ultrasonography; presence of common bile duct stones at MR-cholangiography or at i.v. cholangiography. In patients with suspected common bile duct stones, preoperative ERCP was performed; if common bile duct stones were confirmed, ES was performed. When common bile duct stones were not suspected preoperatively, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed directly. Overall morbidity, mortality and conversion rates in the two groups were evaluated. Of 552 patients admitted for cholelithiasis, 62 (11.3%) underwent preoperative ERCP for suspected common bile duct stones. In 41 patients (66.1%) common bile duct stones were identified and ES with common bile duct stone extraction was performed in 40 patients (clearance: 97.5%). The overall morbidity was 16% (10 cases of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis); no mortality occurred. The conversion rate during subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 4.8%. In the group of patients with no suspicion of common bile duct stones, the conversion rate was 4.9%. Sequential treatment cannot be considered the best approach for patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis because of its morbidity rate and the high rate of negative preoperative ERCP findings. Combined endoscopic-laparoscopic treatment seems to present more advantages, especially in term of morbidity, hospital stay and patient compliance and may, in future, be considered the treatment of choice for patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and choledochoscopy for the treatment of cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis.

A 33-year-old woman with symptomatic cholelithiasis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Preoperative evaluation did not suggest the presence of choledocholithiasis, but intraoperative cholangiography showed a totally obstructing stone in the distal common bile duct. Laparoscopically directed, transperitoneal choledochoscopy was performed by passing a 9.4 F flexible ureteroscope through the cystic duct into the distal common bile duct. A single calculus was visualized and removed with a basket. The patient was discharged the next day, returned to full activity within 1 week, and has done well in the subsequent postoperative interval. The management of incidentally discovered common bile duct stones during performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is discussed.