年轻成人上颌快速扩弓(YA-RME)对牙颌结构的影响

目的探讨年轻成人上颌快速扩弓后患者牙颌结构的变化。方法以16例年轻成人上颌快速扩弓患者为观察组,32例替牙期上颌快速扩弓患者为对照组。比较扩弓前(T1期)扩弓后(T2期)患者牙颌结构的变化,测量项目包括上颌牙弓宽度、上颌第一恒磨牙(牙合)平面交角、临床牙冠高度、腭穹隆角、腭龈缘水平宽度、腭中部宽度、腭顶宽度差以及下颌平面角和下面高。t检验,α为0．05。结果①上颌快速扩弓后观察组6-6牙弓宽度增加4．2+2．7mm,对照组增加5．4+2．3mm,二者没有显著性差异。②上颌快速扩弓后观察组上颌第一恒磨牙(牙合)平面交角减小6．4+11．3°,对照组减小0．6+5．6°,二者具有显著性差异。③上颌快速扩弓后观察组腭穹隆角增加8．1+ 6．9°,对照组增加1．6+7．8°,二者具有显著性差异。④上颌快速扩弓后观察组腭顶宽度差为0．8+1．2mm,对照组为3．0+1．7mm,二者具有显著性差异。⑤上颌快速扩弓后观察组临床牙冠高度增加0．6+0．4mm,对照组增加0．2 +0．4mm,二者没有显著性差异。⑥上颌快速扩弓后观察组下颌平面角增加0．9+1．8°,对照组增加1．4+2．5°,二者没有显著性差异。结论年轻成人上颌快速扩弓可以有效地扩大上颌牙弓宽度,扩弓主要依靠牙齿及牙槽骨的颊向倾斜扩展,但是并不会引起明显的牙龈退缩和下颌顺时针旋转。     

种植钉辅助上颌快速扩弓治疗年轻成人上颌牙弓狭窄的CBCT分析

目的 探讨种植钉辅助上颌快速扩弓治疗年轻成人上颌狭窄的效果.方法 样本包括15.5～28.0岁上颌骨性狭窄病例10例(男3例,女7例),平均年龄(20.1±5.4)岁.使用种植钉辅助上颌快速扩弓技术,分别于治疗前、扩弓后和保持3个月后拍摄CBCT,并对资料进行统计分析.结果 扩弓后腭中缝前部和后部分别增加3.49 mm和2.94 mm,后部腭中缝增量占扩弓器扩大量的47.9％,后部腭中缝增量占第一磨牙间宽度增量的52.3％.鼻腔宽度、上颌基骨和牙槽宽度扩弓后增加(P＜0.05),且保持三个月后增加量无明显改变.牙槽骨高度变化无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 种植钉辅助上颌快速扩弓能有效开展年轻成人腭中缝,矫正骨性牙弓狭窄,并减少牙支抗扩弓引起的副作用.     

年轻成人与儿童行上颌快速腭扩展术之比较

上颌快速腭扩展可有效地扩大上颌牙弓，其不仅适用于儿童及青少年，也可成功地用于成人上颌牙弓狭窄的矫治。本文介绍了年轻成人与儿童各自应用上颌快速腭扩展术的生物学基础、存在的各种分歧、扩弓过程中磨牙及腭弓形态变化的差异、难易程度及其长期的效果与稳定性的差异、各自优势及所需要注意的问题。     

成人上颌快速扩弓后牙龈退缩状况的研究

目的　探讨上颌快速扩弓对成人牙龈退缩的影响。方法　测量成人上颌快速扩弓组 (RME组 )和非上颌快速扩弓矫治病例组 (对照组 ,C组 )治疗前后牙牙合石膏模型临床牙冠高度的变化。结果　矫治前后第一磨牙、第二前磨牙、第一前磨牙临床牙冠高度的差值与C组矫治前后同名牙临床牙冠高度的差值比较 ,男性RME组无统计学意义 ,女性RME组第二前磨牙无统计学意义 ,第一磨牙和第一前磨牙的差值有统计学意义。结论　成人上颌快速扩弓不会加速和 (或 )导致成人牙龈退缩。     

上颌铸造式Hyrax快扩后鼻上颌复合体三维形态变化的锥体束CT观察

目的 使用锥体束CT(Cone-Beam computed tomography,CBCT)评估生长期儿童快速扩弓后鼻-上颌复合体、牙槽骨和牙齿的变化.方法 30例(男13例,女17例,年龄11.0±1.5岁)上牙弓狭窄的患者,经过上颌铸造式Hyrax快速扩弓,扩弓前后拍摄CBCT,重建上颌尖牙区和第一磨牙区三维结构,分别测量颌骨、牙槽骨在不同平面的变化以及磨牙间宽度和倾斜角度的变化,进行配对样本t检验.结果 铸造式Hyrax快扩后颌骨变化明显,骨性扩弓∶牙性扩弓=1∶1,鼻腔宽度平均增加(3.88±1.92) mm,第一磨牙区牙槽骨宽度平均增加(5.72±1.86) mm,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001),磨牙颊向倾斜度右侧平均增加(2.12±3.99)°,左侧平均增加(3.27±4.32)°,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 上颌铸造式Hyrax快扩对生长发育期患者鼻-上颌复合体的作用主要表现为鼻腔、颌骨宽度增加和牙槽骨改建.     

快速扩弓和Damon技术非拔牙矫治牙列拥挤的比较研究

目的:分析比较快速扩弓(RPE)技术和Damon技术用于非拔牙矫治牙列拥挤的临床疗效.方法:选取19例骨性Ⅰ类中度牙列拥挤的青少年患者,进行非拔牙正畸治疗,其中9例采用上颌快速扩弓配合直丝弓矫治技术,10例采用Damon矫治技术.对2组患者正畸治疗前、后作模型和X线头影测量分析.使用SPSS15.0软件包作t检验,分析治疗前、后及2组间的差异.结果:治疗后,上、下颌尖牙间宽度RPE组分别增加了2.9mm和1.3mm,而Damon组没有显著变化.上、下颌后牙区牙弓宽度2组均有显著增加(P<0.05),其中,上颌第一前磨牙间宽度和下颌磨牙间宽度的增加,2组间无显著差异.上颌第一磨牙间宽度RPE组增加了5.3mm,显著大于Damon组的3.1mm;而下颌前磨牙间宽度的增加量Damon组为4.5mm,显著大于RPE组的1.5mm(P<0.05).治疗后,上、下磨牙均有显著颊向倾斜(P<0.05),Damon组和RPE组无显著差异.但上、下前磨牙的颊向倾斜量Damon组显著大于RPE组(P<0.05).RPE组上颌基骨宽距增加了2.1mm.显著大于Damon组(0.6mm)(P<0.05).h、下切牙突角U1-NA和IMPA的变化,Damon组分别为9.2°和7.5°,RPE组无显著改变,2组间有显著差异(P<0.05).结论:快速扩弓和Damon技术都能有效地通过增加牙弓宽度,成功达到非拔牙矫治中度牙列拥挤的目的.Damon技术主要以颊倾前磨牙和磨牙来增大后牙的牙弓宽度,同时伴有切牙唇向倾斜;快速扩弓能扩大上颌基骨和整个上颌牙弓宽度,并可维持前牙直立.     

正畸病人后牙段腭弓形态的测量

目的:研究正畸病人后牙段腭弓形态的规律,为临床预成腭杠的制作提供理论基础.方法:选择60例正畸病人,按牙齿萌出情况(牙龄)分为3组,灌取上颌模型,测量第一磨牙区腭弓的高度、宽度和弧长,统计分析.结果:恒牙列组后牙段腭弓高度、宽度及弧长测量值最大,替牙组最小,有统计学意义.结论:牙列由替牙列向恒牙列的发育过程中,腭弓也在发育,其趋势是高度,宽度和弧长的不断增加,尤其以替牙列向恒牙期过度时,此变化最为明显(P＜0.01).临床使用腭杠时需注意腭部的这种特点.     

成人上颌骨性扩弓疗效评价及对面中部相邻骨块的影响

目的: 利用锥形束CT（CBCT）测量、分析上颌骨性扩弓（maxillary skeletal expander, MSE）治疗前、后在腭中缝扩开、牙与牙槽骨在横向上的变化及面中部上颌相邻骨块的移动,评估成人上颌骨性扩弓的疗效及对相邻骨块的影响。方法: 选择12例成人骨性上颌牙弓狭窄病例（男4例,女8例）,平均年龄（21.33±3.14）岁,采用MSE扩弓器治疗,治疗后解除后牙反,上颌牙弓宽度达到理想牙弓宽度,分别于扩弓前和扩弓完成后拍摄CBCT,测量相关骨性和牙性项目。采用SPSS 26.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 扩弓后前部腭中缝宽度增加（2.38±1.01） mm、后部腭中缝宽度增加（2.25±1.08） mm（P<0.01）;上颌第一磨牙牙冠处平均扩开（5.56±1.38） mm、上颌第一磨牙牙根处平均扩开（4.14±1.29） mm（P<0.01）;双侧上颌第一磨牙倾斜度治疗前后变化无显著差异（P>0.05）;蝶骨翼突外侧板角度,蝶骨翼突外侧板宽度,上颌骨前部间距与上、下颧骨间距扩弓后有显著差异（P<0.01）;颞骨后部间距、双侧颧颌角扩弓后变化无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论: MSE对于成年患者具有良好的骨性扩弓效应,实现腭中缝的平行扩开。扩弓后牙出现一定程度的颊向倾斜,但牙相对于牙槽骨无明显移动。面中部相邻骨块受到矫治力影响,在三维方向上也将发生一定移动。     

上颌快速扩大后成人与儿童牙弓及腭弓形态的比较

目的：比较观察经上颌快速扩大（ＲＭＥ）矫治后,成人与儿童牙弓和腭弓形态的变化差异。方法：测量成人和儿童各４７例经ＲＭＥ矫治前后的牙颌模型的牙弓宽度、腭弓宽度、腭角和磨牙角。结果：①牙弓宽度：除双尖牙外,第一磨牙尖牙扩大量均儿童大于成人,尤以尖牙差别最大。儿童组,第一磨牙、双尖牙的扩大量与尖牙扩大量间无统计学差异：成人组,第一磨牙、双尖牙扩大量相互间无学差异,而均与尖牙扩大量间有统计学差异。②腭弓宽度;ＲＭＥ矫治后,在腭中部和腭顶部,儿童组扩宽程度明显大于成人组。③磨牙角：儿童组,矫治前后磨牙角的变化无显著性差异,而成人组有显著性差异。矫治前,儿童与成人磨牙角无性差异;矫治后,两组磨牙角的变化有显著性差异。④腭角：ＲＭＥ矫治前后,儿童组腭角变化无显著性差异,而成人组却有显著性差异。成人组腭角变化值明显大于儿童组,     

MSE骨性扩弓对成人上牙弓狭窄扩弓效果的CBCT分析

观察分析MSE骨性扩弓治疗成人上牙弓狭窄的扩弓效果。 方法　选取上牙弓狭窄的成人患者13例（18~24岁;平均年龄20.7岁,男6例,女7例）,应用MSE骨性扩弓器进行上牙弓扩宽;所有患者均在3个月内完成加力。扩弓后拍摄CBCT与扩弓前CBCT对比,分析扩弓前后上牙弓及颌骨横向宽度相关指标的变化。数据比较采用配对t检验。结果　除1例患者因感染因素造成扩弓失败外,其他12例患者均顺利完成扩弓,扩弓后CBCT显示：①尖牙间及第一磨牙间牙弓宽度明显增加（P<0.05）;②腭中缝宽度,上颌基骨宽度,鼻腔底宽度等骨性指标均增加,与治疗前相比有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）;③上颌第一磨牙及牙槽颊向倾斜度仅有轻微增加,差异无显著统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　MSE骨性扩弓对牙弓狭窄的成人患者可显著扩宽牙弓及基骨。     

Rapid palatal expansion in the young adult: time for a paradigm shift?

A 19-year-old man presented for correction of a malocclusion that included a transverse maxillary deficiency. The patient was informed that he required orthognathic surgery to expand his upper jaw and correct his malocclusion, but he refused surgical expansion. Recent evidence indicates that rapid palatal expansion can be used without surgery in young adults; the decision was therefore made to treat the patient nonsurgically. Rapid palatal expansion of the maxillary arch was accomplished by means of a Hyrax appliance, with post-treatment radiographs revealing an opening of the midpalatal suture. The belief still persists among some clinicians that young adult patients require orthognathic surgery for palatal expansion, despite recent evidence supporting a nonsurgical approach after closure of the midpalatal suture.     

两种不同扩弓方法结合上颌前方牵引的初步研究

目的探索反复快速扩弓回缩结合上颌前方牵引的可行性和方法,对比上颌单次快速扩弓和反复快速扩弓回缩结合前方牵引治疗的效果。方法选择20例上颌后缩患者,每组10例。A组：上颌单次快速扩弓加前方牵引,B组：上颌反复快速扩弓回缩加前方牵引。对治疗前及前方牵引6个月后的头颅侧位片进行头影测量分析。结果两组病例扩弓并前方牵引6个月后上颌显著前移和逆时针旋转,下颌向后下方旋转,上切牙唇倾、下切牙舌倾。两组间对比：反复扩弓回缩组前方牵引后上颌前移量（A点3．56mm）显著大于单次扩弓组（A点2．12mm）。结论使用上颌反复扩弓回缩结合前方牵引的方法治疗上颌后缩患者是可行的,其对前移上颌的效果优于单次扩弓结合前方牵引治疗。     

Sagittal and vertical maxillary effects after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) using Haas and Hyrax expanders

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on the sagittal and vertical maxillary planes. Thirty-three adult patients aged between 18 and 40 years who required surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion were included in this study. They were divided into two groups: the Haas type expander (16) and the Hyrax type expander (17). All patients were subjected to subtotal LeFort I osteotomy with pterygomaxillary disjunction. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken during the preoperative assessment (T1), soon after completion of the expansion (T2), and 4 months after the end of the expansion (T3). The following cephalometric measures were obtained in each of the three radiographs for all the patients: SNA, SN palatal plane, Frankfurt horizontal plane. NA, CF-A, CF-NA, Nperp-A, CF-A, Frankfurt horizontal plane-ANS, and Frankfurt horizontal plane-PNS. Statistically significant changes were observed in the cephalometric measures: SNA, Frankfurt horizontal plane, NA, Nperp-A in the patients in the Haas group, and CF-A in the patients in the Hyrax group, demonstrating anterior displacement of the maxilla. The cephalometric measures SN.palatal plane, CF-A, CF-NA, Frankfurt horizontal plane-ANS, and Frankfurt-PNS plane that evaluated vertical displacement did not show changes in either group. The surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion caused anterior displacement of the maxilla in both groups, but only the Haas group had statistical significance. Neither the Haas group nor the Hyrax group showed vertical displacement of the maxilla. When Hyrax and Haas groups were compared, there were no statistically significant differences for sagittal and vertical changes.     

Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children

Sixty subjects with ages ranging from 8 to 13 years were divided into two groups according to the intraoral appliances used. Group I consisted of 47 subjects with rapid palatal expansion (RPE) appliances and group II consisted of 13 subjects with labiolingual appliances (La/Li). Group I was subdivided into three subgroups by age and two subgroups by the timing of the protraction. The cephalometric radiographs of all subjects were analyzed before and after correction of anterior crossbite. The following results were obtained: (1) After maxillary protraction, the maxilla and maxillary dentitions moved forward and downward, and the mandible and mandibular dentitions moved backward and downward. (2) The maxilla moved more forward in the RPE group, compared with La/Li group. (3) The palatal plane angle decreased more in the protraction-during-palatal-expansion group than protraction-after-palatal-expansion group. (4) Age did not show any statistically significant difference. (Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1995;108:583-92.)     

上颌前牵引中两种口内固位装置的临床对比研究

目的探讨快速扩弓与包绕 垫式口内固位装置结合上颌前牵引矫治的效果差异,为临床治疗提供理论依据和参考。 方法选择23例骨性Ⅲ类上颌后缩患者,分为快速扩弓结合上颌前牵引组（13例）和包绕 垫结合上颌前牵引（10例）。对两组患者治疗前及前牵引后的头颅定位侧位片进行头影测量分析,并进行配对t检验;对两组患者治疗前、前牵引后的差值变化进行组间独立样本t检验。 结果两组患者矫治后均出现SNA增大、ANB减小、下颌骨长度增加、Y-axis、MP/FH、MP/SN、PP/MP、U1-SN增大、前下面高、前面高、后面高增加。这些指标的变化差异有统计学意义。快速扩弓组患者前颅底长、上颌骨长度（Ptm-A）明显增加,下切牙明显舌倾。包绕 垫组患者后颅底长明显增加,面角明显减小,前面高明显增加。两组间对比：S-Ba、NPg-FH变化两组差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,其余测量值变化差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论使用快速扩弓与包绕 垫加上颌前牵引矫治骨性Ⅲ类上颌后缩患者在临床上是确实可行的,可取得满意的疗效。     

后牙反[牙合]骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]早期矫治后腭的变化

目的：探讨以乳磨牙为支抗的上腭快速扩大联合前牵引矫治早期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]合并后牙反[牙合]畸形患者腭形态的变化。方法：12例替牙早期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]合并后牙反[牙合]病例,第一阶段Hyrax支架式上腭快速扩大器扩大2—3周至上颌牙舌尖咬在下颌牙颊尖。第二阶段前牵引至前牙覆盖2～4mm,对矫治前后模型进行腭形态测量。结果：腭底宽增加1．98mm±0．97mm,磨牙距增加5．04mm±1．30mm,腭底宽增加量／磨牙距的增加量为41％,上颌牙槽突夹角增加8．57°±4．05°,左磨牙的倾斜角颊倾8．99°±4．06°,右磨牙的倾斜角颊倾8．34°±3．94°,变化均有显著性差异。腭深度改变无显著性差异。结论：上腭快速扩大联合前牵引是矫治替牙早期骨性Ⅲ类错[牙合]合并后牙反[牙合]畸形的较好方法,腭底宽、磨牙距、上颌牙槽突夹角、磨牙倾斜角的增加均有显著性差异。腭的明显变化使畸形的上腭趋向正常。     

Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in the transverse dimension using microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) appliances

Conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) has been proven to be a reliable treatment for correcting transverse maxillary deficiency in young patients. However, side effects including dental tipping and risk of periodontal problem limited its application to young patients after the pubertal growth spurt. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE), a supplement to RPE, could be applied in skeletally mature patients. However, SARPE was an invasive method, and the morbidity, risks and cost related to surgical treatment might discourage many adult patients. The use of Microimplant-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) appliance, which can potentially avoid surgical intervention, is gaining popularity in treatment of maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD) in young adolescent patients. However, the literature on the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes with this appliance is scarce. To evaluate the immediate skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in the transverse dimension with the maxillary skeletal expander (MSE), a MARPE appliance with hybrid anchorage, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Twenty-two patients (11 males and 11 females, mean age 14.97 ± 6.16 years) with transverse maxillary deficiency were treated using the MSE (Biomaterials Korea, Inc., Seoul, Korea). The appliance consisted of a central expansion screw that were welded to four tubes that served as guides for microimplant placement. The microimplants were 1.8 mm in diameter and 11 mm in length. The longer length of microimplants permitted bicortical engagement of the palatal and nasal floor, reducing the force transmitted to the anchored teeth during expansion. The appliance activation varied with age and skeletal maturity of the patient. The expansion was terminated when 2–3 mm of overexpansion was achieved. CBCT scans were taken before treatment (T1) and immediately after expansion (T2). Measurements were taken to evaluate the amount of total expansion, skeletal expansion, and angular dental tipping at the first molar region. A total expansion of 5.41 ± 2.18 mm was achieved, 59.23 ± 17.75% of which was attributed to skeletal expansion (3.15 ± 1.64 mm) with the first molars exhibiting buccal tipping of 2.56 ± 2.64°. The use of MARPE appliances such as MSE can be used to correct transverse maxillary deficiency in adolescent patients with minimal dentoalveolar side effects.     

Long-term effects of mini-screw–assisted rapid palatal expansion on airway:: A three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the long-term effects on airway in patients with mini-screw–assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE), rapid palatal expansion (RPE), and controls with three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis.Materials and MethodsA total of 180 CBCTs of 60 patients were analyzed at different time points, such as pretreatment, postexpansion, and posttreatment. Patients were divided into three groups: mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE), rapid palatal expansion (RPE), and controls. The nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and laryngopharyngeal airway volume and area were measured. Changes in total airway volume, total airway area, minimal cross-sectional area, maxillary intermolar width, external maxillary width, and palatal width were also evaluated.ResultsBoth MARPE and RPE caused a statistically significant increase in the airway after expansion as compared with the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference in the change in airway between MARPE, RPE, and the control group at posttreatment, except for nasopharyngeal volume, which was significantly increased in the MARPE group. There was no correlation between the amount of expansion and increase in total airway volume.ConclusionsThere was a significant increase in total airway volume, total airway area, and minimal cross-sectional area with MARPE and RPE immediately after expansion, but at posttreatment, the changes in the MARPE and RPE groups were similar to the change in the control group. However, MARPE led to a significant long-term increase in nasopharyngeal volume. The amount of expansion did not correlate with the increase in pharyngeal airway volume.     

快速扩弓联合前方牵引治疗早期骨性Ⅲ类错的临床研究

目的运用支架式快速扩弓器进行前方牵引,评价其软硬组织发生的变化。方法 15例替牙期患儿,年龄9～11岁,先进行快速扩弓1～2周,然后行前方牵引,治疗前、后摄头颅定位侧位片并进行头影测量分析。结果快速扩弓后进行前牵引治疗前、后结果差异有显著性,上颌骨及上牙弓均前移,软组织侧貌明显改善。结论在替牙期前方牵引联合快速扩弓治疗早期骨性Ⅲ类错可获得较多的骨骼变化,侧貌改善明显。