复方黄芩片对人牙周膜细胞及牙周炎牙槽骨OPG/RANKL表达的影响

目的:探讨复方黄芩片对人牙周膜细胞表面以及对实验性牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨OPG/RANKL表达的影响。方法:采用酶消化组织块法培养hPDLCs,通过ELISA法测定复方黄芩片对LPS诱导下hPDLCs表面OPG/RANKL表达的影响;LPS局部注射法建立大鼠牙周炎模型,免疫组化法测定复方黄芩片对牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨OPG/RANKL表达的影响。结果:0.2 mg/L复方黄芩片溶液对10 mg/L LPS诱导下的hPDLCs表面OPG表达无明显影响,而hPDLCs表面RANKL的表达显著降低(P<0.05),且实验组 hPDLCs表面OPG/RANKL的比值较空白对照组显著降低(P<0.05);复方黄芩片治疗3周后各组大鼠OPG/RANKL免疫组化染色阳性细胞计数结果显示牙周炎组大鼠牙周组织中RANKL的表达水平明显高于其他各组,治疗组OPG表达水平明显高于其他各组。结论:复方黄芩片可以上调牙周膜细胞表面OPG/RANKL的比值;按黄芩苷2.85 g/kg·d^-1的剂量给予牙周炎大鼠复方黄芩片灌胃治疗,复方黄芩片可以抑制牙周炎牙槽骨中RANKL的表达,促进OPG的表达。提示复方黄芩片有望用于牙周炎的临床治疗。     

OPG、RANKL在2型糖尿病伴牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨中的表达

目的:探讨骨保护素(OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子(RANKL)在2型糖尿病伴牙周炎大鼠模型中的表达水平.方法:46只Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分为健康组10只;单纯牙周炎组12只;2型糖尿病组12只;2型糖尿病牙周炎组12只;分别建模,免疫组织化学方法检测牙槽骨OPG、RANKL蛋白表达.结果:与健康组相比,OPG在2型糖尿病组、单纯牙周炎组、2型糖尿病伴牙周炎组表达水平依次降低,RANKL的表达水平依次增强;OPG及RANKL的表达除2型糖尿病牙周炎组与单纯牙周炎组间比较无差异外,其余组间比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:炎症可能导致破骨细胞及免疫细胞中RANKL的上调和成骨细胞中OPG的下调.     

胰岛素治疗对糖尿病大鼠牙槽骨RANKL/OPG mRNA影响的研究

目的通过研究胰岛素治疗对糖尿病大鼠牙周组织病理改变及牙槽骨中NF-κB受体活化因子配体(Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)mRNA水平比值情况的影响,探讨糖尿病影响牙周病时牙槽骨吸收的机理。方法将12只大鼠采用静脉注射链脲佐菌素的方法建立糖尿病模型,并随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组给予胰岛素皮下注射,对照组注射等量生理盐水。分别于实验开始时、造模成功后和8周后处死时测量大鼠体重和血糖。右下磨牙区牙周组织脱钙后HE染色观察组织病变状况;应用RT-PCR检测左下磨牙区牙槽骨RANKL和OPG mRNA表达情况,并比较两组大鼠RANKL/OPG比值差异。结果胰岛素治疗组较糖尿病组牙周组织炎症反应减轻,牙槽骨吸收减弱;血糖值(P<0.05)及RANKL/OPGmRNA比值(P<0.01)降低。结论胰岛素治疗可能增加牙周组织修复和再生能力,降低糖尿病大鼠的牙槽骨RANKL/OPGmRNA比值。提示血糖水平增高可能是影响糖尿病大鼠的牙槽骨吸收危险因素之一。     

雷尼酸锶对实验性牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨改建的影响

目的:通过观察雷尼酸锶对大鼠实验性牙周炎治疗后牙槽骨组织中酸性磷酸酶及碱性磷酸酶的变化,评估雷尼酸锶对实验性牙周炎的治疗作用,为应用雷尼酸锶治疗牙周炎提供理论依据和实验参考。方法:选取50只3月龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分为5组:正常组(A组)、牙周炎组(B组)、牙周炎局部治疗组(C组)、牙周炎雷尼酸锶治疗组(D组)、牙周炎局部治疗+雷尼酸锶治疗组(E组),每组10只。所有的实验性牙周炎大鼠通过正畸钢丝结扎双侧上颌第一磨牙建立牙周炎模型,C、E组通过去除结扎丝、局部上药建立实验性牙周炎局部治疗模型,D、E组通过雷尼酸锶灌胃建立雷尼酸锶治疗模型;大鼠钢丝结扎4周后随机抽取大鼠鉴定牙周炎模型成功,钢丝结扎8周后建立牙周炎局部治疗模型,雷尼酸锶治疗组自钢丝结扎8周后开始灌胃治疗。牙周治疗、药物治疗8周后处死大鼠,制作牙周组织切片,观察牙周组织变化情况;计数牙周单位面积成骨细胞和破骨细胞数目;进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色(TRAP)及碱性磷酸酶染色,评价牙槽骨的变化。结果:在牙周局部治疗、雷尼酸锶治疗后,牙周炎症减轻,牙周袋变浅,单位面积破骨细胞显著减少,成骨细胞数量显著增多,在牙周局部治疗和雷尼酸锶联合治疗组尤为明显。结论:雷尼酸锶作为骨质疏松治疗药物,也能对实验性牙周炎产生确定的疗效,可以为牙周炎的综合治疗提供新的治疗思路。     

慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液OPG和RANKL的变化及意义

目的:探讨慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中核因子-κB受体活化子配体(receptor activator for NF-κB ligand.RANKL)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)的变化及意义.方法:采用滤纸条法收集23例正常对照者和34例慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液(gingival crevicular fluid,GCF)标本,ELISA法测定上清液RANKL和OPG含量,利用Optimas 5.0图像分析软件对检测牙的根尖片进行灰度分析.结果:对照组和慢性牙周炎组临床指标(PD、AL、PLI和SBI)之间存在显著性统计学差异(P<0.01).2组GCF中RANKL、OPG和RANKL/OPG比值之间存在显著性统计学差异(P<0.01).慢性牙周炎组GCF中OPG浓度与PD和AL之间存在负相关关系(分别为P<0.01和P<0.05),RANKL浓度及RANKL/OPG比值与根尖片灰度值之间存在负相关关系(P<0.05).GCF中RANKL和OPG浓度及RANKL/OPG比值与PLI和SBI之间无相关关系(P>0.05).结论:RANKL和OPG在慢性牙周炎患者的牙槽骨组织破坏过程中发挥作用.     

槲皮素脂质体对糖尿病牙周炎大鼠牙周组织的作用及血清AGEs的影响

目的:通过对Ⅱ型糖尿病牙周炎大鼠进行槲皮素干预,观察大鼠牙周组织的组织学变化、牙槽骨吸收量、血糖值变化以及血清晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)的变化,探讨槲皮素对糖尿病牙周炎大鼠牙周组织的保护作用.方法:40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分成4组:空白对照组(N组)、牙周炎对照组(P组)、糖尿病牙周炎非治疗组(DP组)和糖尿病牙周炎槲皮素治疗组(DP+Q组).N组正常喂养,P组建立牙周炎模型,DP组和DP+Q组建立糖尿病牙周炎模型,每组10只.建模成功后DP+Q组灌喂槲皮素脂质体,DP组灌喂空白脂质体,给药6周后测量各组血糖值,ELISA法测量血清AGEs含量,取上颌骨做牙周组织切片观察牙周组织病理变化,测量牙槽骨吸收量.结果:P组牙槽骨吸收量、牙周组织炎症水平高于N组(P<0.05);DP组血糖值、血清AGEs含量、牙周组织炎症程度、牙槽骨吸收量均高于N组和P组(P<0.05);DP+Q组大鼠血糖值、血清AGEs含量、牙周组织炎症水平、牙槽骨吸收量均低于DP组(P<0.05).结论:槲皮素对糖尿病牙周炎大鼠的牙周组织有保护效果,其作用机制与降低血糖值与血清AGEs含量有关.     

人骨保护素质粒转染抑制大鼠实验性牙周炎骨吸收的研究

目的:将自行构建的质粒载体pcDNA3.1-h OPG,通过体内转染,评价OPG直接基因转染疗法对大鼠实验性牙周炎牙槽骨吸收的影响,为牙周炎以及种植体周炎的生物治疗提供实验依据.方法:将30只SD大鼠随机分为3组,即I组生理盐水组(n=10,100μg/只)、Ⅱ组pcDNA3.1(-)组(n=10,100μg/只)、Ⅲ组pcDNA3.1-hOPG组(n=10,100μg/只).通过丝线结扎、接种牙周炎可疑致病菌、喂高糖软食诱发实验性牙周炎.结扎28d后处死,通过大体标本、组织学等观察牙槽骨吸收、OPG及破骨细胞变化.结果:Ⅲ组结扎侧OPG表达强度增加,牙槽骨吸收量减少(P＜0.05),活化破骨细胞数降低(P＜0.05).结论:OPG重组质粒转染,减少破骨细胞数量,有效减缓实验性牙周炎引起的牙槽骨吸收破坏.     

抗牙龈素粘附片段Hgp44卵黄抗体对实验性牙周炎的抑制作用

目的: 观察抗牙龈素粘附片段Hgp44卵黄抗体(抗Hgp44-IgY)对大鼠实验性牙周炎的抑制作用。方法: 24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:空白组(A),生理盐水孵育组(B),抗Hgp44-IgY孵育组(C)和西吡氯铵孵育组(D)。采用细线结扎大鼠4颗第一磨牙,分别接种经处理的牙龈卟啉单胞菌,辅以蔗糖饮水。4周后检测大鼠牙龈指数(GI),龈下菌斑的BANA试验。处死大鼠后检测牙槽骨丧失量(ABL),牙龈的HE染色,利用qRT-PCR检测牙龈中IL-10、OPG和RANKL mRNA相对表达水平以及OPG/RANKL比率。结果: C组和D组与B组相比,GI、ABL以及BANA结果均显著降低(P<0.01),牙龈组织中IL-10和OPG的mRNA表达水平均显著增高(P<0.01),RANKL mRNA的表达水平显著下降(P<0.05),OPG/RANKL比率显著增高(P<0.001),C组与D组相比,GI、ABL、BANA、IL-10,OPG mRNA水平和OPG/RANKL比率无统计学意义,OPG mRNA 表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论: 抗Hgp44-IgY能减少牙槽骨的吸收,减缓大鼠实验性牙周炎的发展进程。     

脂磷壁酸诱导根尖骨吸收调控蛋白的表达

目的研究难治性根尖周炎重要病原菌粪肠球菌脂磷壁酸对骨吸收核心调控系统,核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)和骨保护素(OPG)蛋白表达的影响。方法采用甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)法检测0.1、1.0、10.0、20.0mg/L脂磷壁酸作用24、48、72h后对人牙周膜成纤维细胞(HPDLFs)增殖的影响。细胞免疫荧光和蛋白免疫印迹法检测脂磷壁酸刺激HPDLFs 24h后RANKL、OPG表达水平及RANKL/OPG值的变化。结果脂磷壁酸抑制HPDLFs增殖具有浓度和时间依赖性。10.0mg/L脂磷壁酸刺激24h后,HPDLFs中RANKL、OPG蛋白表达均增加,RANKL的增长速度较OPG快,脂磷壁酸上调RANKL/OPG值具有浓度依赖性,高浓度组明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论脂磷壁酸对牙周膜成纤维细胞增殖具有抑制作用,可上调细胞RANKL、OPG表达及RANKL/OPG值,推测其在难治性根尖周炎骨吸收中扮演重要作用。     

抑制核因子-κB受体活化因子及其配体通路治疗牙周炎的研究进展

核因子-κB受体活化因子(RANK)及其配体(RANKL)在牙周炎患者的牙槽骨吸收中具有重要的作用,抑制RANKL/RANK通路,可有效抑制破骨细胞的分化和激活,从而抑制牙槽骨的吸收。骨保护蛋白(OPG)可和RANKL结合,干扰RANKL和RANK的结合,从而防止骨组织的过度破坏。本文就RANKL/RANK/OPG轴、RANKL/RANK/OPG与牙周炎、抑制RANKL/RANK通路治疗牙周炎的可行性等研究进展作一综述。     

Variation in periodontal referral in 2 regions in theUK

This study investigated the periodontal referral patterns of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Northern Ireland (NI) and North West England (NWE). A questionnaire dealing with periodontal referral was sent to all 520 GDPs registered in NI and to 274 GDPs in NWE. A usable return was made by 355 (68%) in NI and 189 (70%) in NWE. The NI dentists made significantly more periodontal referrals (median 5, range 0-80) in the year preceding the survey than those in NWE (median 2, range 0-50), p<0.001. Distance was the only factor significantly related to the referral rate in both regions with those who practised more than 25 miles from a specialist referring significantly fewer patients in both regions. In NI, there was a trend towards increased periodontal referral by GDPs who had attended more postgraduate courses; however, in NWE, this was not the case. The GDPs in NWE were significantly less likely than those in NI to refer patients with medical conditions. It is concluded that there is considerable variation in periodontal referral both within and between the 2 regions studied. It is further concluded that in many cases, non-disease factors, such as the accessibility of the specialist service, have powerful effects on the decisions made by dentists and patients in these regions (NI and NWE) in relation to periodontal referral. Much of the variance in referral in North West England, as in Northern Ireland, remains unexplained.     

Experience in using moradol in osteoplastic operations in oral surgery

Osteoplastic operations on the jaws were carried out in 19 patients aged 14-64 under moradol anesthesia. The mean length of the operation was 3 hours. The authors come to a conclusion that moradol in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg b. w. ensures adequate anesthesia, with a high level of analgesia persisting in the immediate postoperative period.     

Changes in cyclooxygenase metabolities in experimental periodontitis in Macaca mulatta

The four principal metabolites of cyclooxygenase (CO) were examined during the progression of experimental periodontitis in the rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta. Thirty-two monkeys were divided in four disease-matched groups. Three groups were treated with flurbiprofen, a potent CO inhibitor, at either 0.027, 0.27 or 7.1 mg/kg/day delivered systemically by a subcutaneously-implanted osmotic mini-pump. We have previously described the findings indicating that flurbiprofen treatment significantly retarded clinical attachment loss (ALOSS), redness and radiographic bone loss (BLOSS). This investigation focuses on the changes in CO metabolites which occur during disease progression of ligature-induced periodontitis and on the dose-response relationship of flurbiprofen, as it relates to disease inhibition and the suppression of ARA metabolites within the crevicular fluid (CF). In untreated animals there was a statistically significant 3-fold increase in CF levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) at 3 months, as compared to baseline, which positively correlated with increases in redness, bleeding, ALOSS and BLOSS. CF-PGE2 and TxB2 levels reached a 6-fold peak at 6 months and returned to baseline by 12 months. Flurbiprofen (Fb) prevented the 3-month rise in TxB2, but did not affect the increase in PGE2. At 6 months, Fb administration caused a dose-dependent inhibition of both PGE2 and TxB2. Probit analysis of the dose-response data revealed that the concentration of Fb which caused a 50% inhibition of CF-TxB2 level (the IC50 value for TxB2 synthesis) was approximately two logs lower than the IC50 value for PGE2 synthesis, i.e. TxA2-IC50 = 0.013 vs. PGE2-IC50 = 1.35 mg flurbiprofen/kg/d. The slopes of the PGE2 and TxB2 inhibition curves were identical, consistent with a similar mechanism or singular enzyme for the site of action of Fb inhibition of CO activity. However, the kinetics and sensitivity of Fb inhibition were significantly different for the CO activity responsible for TxB2 and PGE2 synthesis, perhaps due to different compartmentalization of CO within different cell types.     

云南省五岁儿童乳牙龋病调查分析

目的：了解云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况。方法：随机抽取云南省三个城市三个农村的２１３２名５岁常住儿童,采用第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准调查龋齿患病情况。结果：云南省５岁儿童乳牙患龋率为７５．７５％,龋均为４．４４,充填率仅为６．５７％,仅占构成比的４．３９％。结论：云南省５岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病率高,充填率低。儿童龋病防治应注重两个方面：１．加强对家长和教师的幼儿口腔卫生保健知识及方法的宣传。     

Age-related changes in anthropometric measurements in the craniofacial regions and in height in Down's syndrome

This cross-sectional study analyzed age-related changes in normal and abnormal measurements of the head and face in three age categories in 115 Down's syndrome patients 1 to 36 years old. The frequency of normal measurements significantly surpassed that of abnormal ones in each category. Clinically, the key task was to ascertain differences between the youngest and oldest patients. In age group 1 (1 to 5 years), normal measurements in three of the six craniofacial regions were significantly more frequent than abnormal ones. In age group 2 (6 to 15 years) the percentage of normal measurements significantly increased, influenced by higher growth rates in the period of maturation, which coincided with this category. In age group 3 (16 to 36 years) the percentage of normal measurements significantly increased in the head and ear but decreased in the other regions, significantly in the orbits. The frequency of both optimal and severely abnormal measurements changed significantly from age group 1 to 3 in only five measurements each, with no consistency in the direction of results. Abnormal measurements qualified as stigmata and were recorded in 40% (10 of 25) in five regions: three in the face; two in each of the head, orbits, and ears; and one in the nose. Marked epicanthi covering the endocanthion decreased from 35.0% in age group 1 to 8.7% in group 3. In age group 1, the frequency of normal body height (20.7%) in both sexes was significantly less than subnormal (70.3%) but significantly decreased in age group 2. Mean height in group 3 was enough to rule out short stature as a stigmata of Down's syndrome. The study was limited by small numbers, particularly in the variations of normal and abnormal, but the trend toward normality after maturation suggests that reconstructive surgery should be delayed until this time.     

Mast cells in masseter muscle in experimental bruxism in man

Three human subjects performed tooth grinding for 25 min, and after 20 h biopsies of the right and left masseter muscles were examined for their contents of mast cells. In comparison with specimens from a control group of three subjects, there was an increase of degranulating mast cells in muscles that had performed bruxism.