不同牙体预备车针所致玷污层对自粘接型树脂水门汀 粘接强度的影响

目的评价不同车针所致牙本质表面玷污层性状对自粘接型树脂水门汀粘接强度的影响。方法将36颗新鲜离体、无龋的人第三恒磨牙暴露出牙本质表面,随机分为两组:A组用标准粒度金刚砂车针(蓝标)进行粗磨;B组用标准粒度+细粒度金刚砂车针(黄标)进行粗磨并进一步细磨抛光。处理后的牙齿分别与3种自粘接型复合树脂水门汀:Clearfil SA Cement(SC)、MultilinkSpeed(MS)、RelyX U200(RX)粘接制成微拉伸试件,试件在水中存储24 h后进行微拉伸强度测试。使用双因素方差分析对牙本质表面处理、树脂水门汀类型进行分析,并判断两者间的交互作用。结果扫描电镜观察到A组牙本质表面粗糙,玷污层较厚,牙本质小管口未完全堵塞;B组牙本质表面粗糙程度降低,牙本质小管口完全堵塞,玷污层变薄。统计结果显示不同牙本质表面处理方法、自粘接树脂水门汀类型均会对粘接强度产生显著影响(P<0.05),但两者之间无显著的交互作用;SC、RX和MS的B组粘接强度均低于A组,牙本质表面使用蓝标车针研磨后,3种树脂水门汀粘接强度之间没有显著差异,经过黄标车针抛光后,MS的粘接强度显著低于SC和RX,但SC和RX之间无显著差异。断裂模式计数显示3种树脂水门汀断裂模式主要为界面断裂。结论牙本质表面玷污层性状及自粘接型树脂水门汀类型都会对粘接强度产生影响。     

通用型粘接剂和树脂水门汀对氧化锆剪切粘接强度的影响

目的 研究通用型粘接剂和树脂水门汀对氧化锆陶瓷剪切粘接强度和耐久性的影响。方法 氧化锆陶瓷烧结制作20 mm×10 mm×10 mm和10 mm×10 mm×10mm两种尺寸的试件,实验分为12组,将这2种试件分别采用不同的树脂水门汀（RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、Clearfil SAC自粘接树脂水门汀）和通用粘接剂（无粘接剂、Scotchbond通用粘接剂、Clearfil SE One粘接剂）在不同的储存条件（水浴、水浴+冷热循环）下进行粘接。测试剪切粘接强度,分析断裂形态。结果 水门汀（F=8.41,P<0.01）和粘接剂（F=30.34,P<0.01）对氧化锆剪切粘接强度的影响有统计学意义;储存条件对剪切粘接强度的影响无统计学意义（F=1.83,P=0.18）。RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、无粘接剂、水浴+冷热循环储存时的剪切粘接强度最低（14.02 MPa±6.86 MPa）,RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、Scotchbond通用粘接剂、水浴+冷热循环储存时的剪切粘接强度最高（54.12 MPa±8.37 MPa）。结论 通用型粘接剂可提高树脂水门汀对氧化锆的粘接耐久性。非自粘接的树脂水门汀如不使用通用型粘接剂则其粘接耐久性下降。     

通用型粘接剂和树脂水门汀对氧化锆 剪切粘接强度的影响

目的 研究通用型粘接剂和树脂水门汀对氧化锆陶瓷剪切粘接强度和耐久性的影响。方法 氧化锆陶瓷烧结制作20 mm×10 mm×10 mm和10 mm×10 mm×10mm两种尺寸的试件,实验分为12组,将这2种试件分别采用不同的树脂水门汀（RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、Clearfil SAC自粘接树脂水门汀）和通用粘接剂（无粘接剂、Scotchbond通用粘接剂、Clearfil SE One粘接剂）在不同的储存条件（水浴、水浴+冷热循环）下进行粘接。测试剪切粘接强度,分析断裂形态。结果 水门汀（F=8.41,P<0.01）和粘接剂（F=30.34,P<0.01）对氧化锆剪切粘接强度的影响有统计学意义;储存条件对剪切粘接强度的影响无统计学意义（F=1.83,P=0.18）。RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、无粘接剂、水浴+冷热循环储存时的剪切粘接强度最低（14.02 MPa±6.86 MPa）,RelyX Ultimate树脂水门汀、Scotchbond通用粘接剂、水浴+冷热循环储存时的剪切粘接强度最高（54.12 MPa±8.37 MPa）。结论 通用型粘接剂可提高树脂水门汀对氧化锆的粘接耐久性。非自粘接的树脂水门汀如不使用通用型粘接剂则其粘接耐久性下降。     

不同核材料与二氧化锆陶瓷树脂粘接耐久性的研究

目的 研究不同类型核材料与二氧化锆陶瓷树脂间的粘接强度及耐久性。方法 二氧化锆陶瓷盘经研磨后通过2种自粘接型树脂水门汀（Clearfil SA Luting和RelyX U100）与不同核材料包括流动型复合树脂核材料、充填型复合树脂、钴铬合金以及牙本质进行粘接,组成个8实验组。每个实验组再分成2个亚组,分别接受0、10 000次冷热循环后进行剪切粘接强度测试。结果 核材料、树脂水门汀材料及老化条件均会对粘接强度产生明显影响（P<0.001）。冷热循环后,只有Clearfil SA Luting与钴铬合金的粘接强度没有明显降低（P>0.05）,并高于其余各核材料组（P<0.05）;Clearfil SA Luting与钴铬合金、流动型复合树脂核材料及充填型复合树脂间的粘接强度均明显高于RelyX U100相对应的粘接强度（P<0.05）,而Clearfil SA Luting和RelyX U100与牙本质间的粘接强度的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 不同类型核材料和树脂水门汀材料能够对二氧化锆陶瓷树脂粘接耐久性产生明显影响。     

不同表面处理方法对纳米复合陶瓷与树脂水门汀粘接强度的影响

目的 评估不同表面处理对纳米复合陶瓷与树脂水门汀剪切粘接强度的影响。方法 将纳米复合陶瓷用计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制作（CAD/CAM）技术切割成大小为10 mm×10 mm×3 mm的试件150块,并根据表面处理方法不同将试件按随机数字表的方法随机分为5组（n=30）：对照组、喷砂组、喷砂+硅烷组、酸蚀组和酸蚀+硅烷组。各组试件经过相应表面处理后,使用Single Bond Universal通用粘接剂+RelyX ^TM Ultimate Cliker ^TM树脂水门汀将树脂试件粘接于纳米复合陶瓷试件上,37 ℃蒸馏水中水浴24 h和30 d,万能试验机进行剪切粘接强度测试。结果 不同表面处理方法、不同的水浴时间都会影响到剪切粘接强度。喷砂+硅烷组的剪切粘接强度最大,与其他各组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;对照组和酸蚀组间差异无统计学意义,但两组与其他组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;喷砂组和酸蚀+硅烷组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但两组与其他组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 喷砂、喷砂+硅烷、酸蚀+硅烷对纳米复合陶瓷表面处理,均可提高其与树脂水门汀的剪切粘接强度,喷砂+硅烷处理后剪切粘接强度最佳。     

氢氟酸质量分数对二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷表面形貌及树脂粘接的影响

目的 探讨不同质量分数的氢氟酸对二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷表面形貌及树脂粘接耐久性的影响。方法 制备大小为11 mm×13 mm×2 mm的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷片试件72个,经烧结、研磨、清洗后,随机分为3组,每组24个,分别接受质量分数为32%的磷酸、4%的氢氟酸、9.5%的氢氟酸处理20 s,形成酸蚀后试件。每组随机选出4个陶瓷片,1个使用扫描电子显微镜观察陶瓷表面形态,另外3个用表面粗糙度仪测量陶瓷片表面粗糙度参数（Ra、Rz和Rmax）。陶瓷片表面接受硅烷偶联剂/树脂粘接剂/树脂水门汀处理,并与直径3 mm的复合树脂柱粘接形成粘接试件。将每组20个粘接试件分为两组,10个试件直接进行剪切实验,10个试件经20 000次冷热循环后进行剪切实验。结果 氢氟酸处理组试件表面粗糙度参数值均显著高于磷酸处理组;9.5%氢氟酸组除Ra以外的参数值均高于4%氢氟酸组（P<0.05）。冷热循环明显降低了所有实验组的粘接强度（P<0.05）。冷热循环前后,氢氟酸处理组的粘接强度均高于磷酸处理组;尽管4%氢氟酸组的粘接强度高于9.5%氢氟酸组,但9.5%氢氟酸组在冷热循环过程中的粘接强度降低幅度要明显低于4%氢氟酸组（P<0.05）。结论 氢氟酸的质量分数对陶瓷表面形态及与树脂的粘接耐久性有明显影响,9.5%氢氟酸能更有效地保持二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的树脂粘接强度。     

XP-endo Finisher锉对根管内壁玷污层清除效果的体外研究

目的 评估XP-endo Finisher（XPF）锉与被动超声冲洗（PUI）对根管内壁玷污层的清除效果。方法 选择60颗离体单直根管下颌前磨牙,距根尖16 mm处截冠,采用S3镍钛锉预备到3S,根据终末处理方式不同将样本随机分成6组。A组：3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合XPF处理1 min;B组：3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合XPF处理1 min,再用4 mL 17%乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）溶液冲洗1 min;C组：3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合PUI处理1 min;D组：3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合PUI处理1 min,再用4 mL 17%EDTA溶液冲洗1 min;E组：3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液30号侧方冲洗针冲洗1 min;F组：3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液30号侧方冲洗针冲洗1 min,再用4 mL 17%EDTA溶液冲洗1 min。采用扫描电子显微镜观察玷污层形态,并比较根尖1/3区、根中1/3区牙本质小管开口数。结果 A、C、E组实验样本整个根管壁都有玷污层覆盖,A组与C组牙本质小管开口数明显高于E组（P<0.05）,而A组与C组的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;F组根中区、B组和D组根尖区有少量玷污层覆盖,牙本质小管开放或半开放;F组根尖区可见玷污层,牙本质小管封闭或半封闭;B和D组根中区根管壁玷污层均被有效去除;在根尖1/3区和根中1/3区,B组与D组牙本质小管开口数高于其他4组（P<0.05）,而B组和D组间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 XPF锉对根管内壁玷污层的清洁效果与PUI无明显差异,可用于根管预备后提高根管清洁效果。     

不同牙本质清洁剂对牙本质与自粘接树脂水门汀粘接强度的影响

目的 评价乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和次氯酸钠（NaClO）对自粘接树脂水门汀与牙本质间粘接强度的影响。方法 选择新鲜无龋、无裂纹的人离体前磨牙27颗,去除颊侧釉质,暴露浅层牙本质,随机分为对照组（A组）、EDTA组（B组）和NaClO组（C组）。分别选用蒸馏水、3%EDTA溶液和1%NaClO溶液处理牙本质表面后与自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem进行粘接,将其中24个试件置于37 ℃生理盐水中浸泡24 h后测定剪切强度,采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件对数据进行统计分析,在扫描电镜（SEM）和体视显微镜下分别观察粘接界面及断裂模式。结果 A组与B组的剪切强度分别为（8.55±0.63） MPa和（8.47±0.56） MPa,二者间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;C组的剪切强度为（12.97±0.59） MPa,与A组和B组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。SEM下观察可见,C组自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质间结合紧密,但均未见树脂突,而A组与B组粘接界面均不理想。体视显微镜下观察可见,A组与B组试件破坏模式以内聚破坏为主,C组试件全部为内聚破坏。结论 1%NaClO处理牙本质可以提高自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质之间的粘接强度,3%EDTA处理对提高自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质之间的粘接强度无影响。     

处理时间对成熟恒牙和年轻恒牙应用通用型粘接剂时牙本质粘接效果的影响

目的 应用通用型粘接剂Scotchbond Universal（SBU）,比较在不同处理时间下对成熟恒牙与年轻恒牙牙本质粘接的粘接强度,探讨其应用于年轻恒牙的效果。方法 收集成熟恒牙与年轻恒牙各10颗,去除牙合面釉质层,平行于牙体长轴将牙齿切为3块,获得成熟恒牙30块,年轻恒牙30块,各随机分为3组,自凝树脂包埋,分别采用通用型粘接剂SBU处理10、20、30 s,粘接后采用万能试验机检测其微剪切粘接强度,并在体视显微镜下观察粘接断面,确定断裂模式。另取成熟恒牙与年轻恒牙各2颗,同样方法分组,荧光素0.1% Rhodamine B溶解于SBU粘接剂中,分别处理10、20、30 s,粘接后采用激光共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）观察各组粘接面树脂突的微观形态。结果 成熟恒牙：20 s组及30 s组微剪切强度最大,二者间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但均显著高于10 s组（P<0.05）。年轻恒牙：10 s组及20 s组微剪切强度最大,显著高于30 s组（P<0.05）。年轻恒牙10 s组微剪切强度高于成熟恒牙10 s组（P<0.05）,与成熟恒牙20 s组（材料说明书推荐时间）间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。成熟恒牙20 s组与年轻恒牙20 s组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而成熟恒牙30 s组粘接强度显著高于年轻恒牙30 s组（P<0.05）。各组主要的断裂模式均为粘接材料断裂,极少数为混合断裂,未观察到树脂断裂模式。CLSM观察可见,成熟恒牙处理10 s后,牙本质表层处形成极少极短的树脂突;处理20 s,树脂突数量及长度显著增加;处理30 s,树脂突长度相对20 s有所减短。年轻恒牙在不同处理时间下,3组牙本质表层树脂突变化情况与成熟恒牙大致相同,但年轻恒牙处理10 s组较成熟恒牙处理10 s组树脂突数量及长度均有增加。结论 临床使用SBU时,年轻恒牙可适当缩短粘接剂处理时间,而成熟恒牙的处理时间不低于20 s。     

超声处理对牙本质玷污层性状及粘接强度的影响

目的 探究超声处理对牙本质表面玷污层性状及其对通用型树脂粘接剂自酸蚀模式下粘接强度的影响。方法 将40颗人无龋下颌第三磨牙随机分为320目碳化硅砂纸打磨组以及砂纸打磨加超声处理组,运用扫描电子显微镜观察牙本质表面玷污层性状;处理后的牙体分别用Rhodamine B染色的2种通用型树脂粘接剂(Clearfil Universal Bond和All-Bond Universal, pH值分别为2.3和3.1)粘接复合树脂,观察粘接界面的渗透情况;最后制作微拉伸试件进行微拉伸强度测试。结果 扫描电子显微镜显示,超声处理能够使大量牙本质小管暴露;激光扫描共聚焦显微镜显示超声处理过后2种粘接剂都能沿牙本质小管渗透入牙本质深部;微拉伸强度测试结果表明超声处理能够增强2种通用型树脂粘接剂自酸蚀模式下的粘接强度;但在相同的牙本质表面处理条件下,这两种粘接剂间的粘接强度差异无统计学意义。结论 超声处理能够部分去除牙本质表面玷污层,暴露牙本质小管,增加通用型树脂粘接剂自酸蚀模式下的粘接强度。     

Dentin treatment effects on the bonding performance of self-adhesive resin cements

Mazzitelli C, Monticelli F, Toledano M, Ferrari M, Osorio R. Dentin treatment effects on the bonding performance of self-adhesive resin cements. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 80–86. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci
The effects of dentin surface treatments on the microtensile bond strengths and on the interfacial characteristics of self-adhesive resin cements were investigated. Flat dentin surfaces were obtained from human molars and were treated as follows: (i) no treatment of dentin; (ii) 0.1 M EDTA scrubbed for 60 s; or (iii) 10% polyacrylic acid applied for 30 s. Three self-adhesive cements were used to lute composite overlays on deep-coronal dentin surfaces in the presence of simulated pulpal pressure (15 cm of H₂O). Bonded specimens were cut into beams 1 mm thick and stressed in tension until failure. Fractured sticks were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Additional specimens were stained with Masson's trichrome and observed under light microscopy for interfacial evaluations. The bond strength to dentin of the hydrophobic and solvent-free cement (RelyX Unicem) was unaffected by the tested dentin treatments. The bond strength of the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based cement (Bis-Cem) decreased after treatment of dentin with EDTA and/or polyacrylic acid. The hydrophilic and water-containing cement (G-Cem) attained a higher bond strength when luted on polyacrylic acid-conditioned dentin. In conclusion, smear layer removal, opening of dentinal tubules, and the water content of dentin differently influence the bond strengths and the interfacial characteristics of self-adhesive cement–dentin interfaces.     

Resin-dentin bond strength as related to different surface preparation methods

OBJECTIVE: To determine the microtensile bond strength and micromorphological structures on bonding of two adhesives (OptiBond FL and Clearfil SE Bond) to dentin surfaces ground with different preparation methods. METHODS: Extracted human molars were ground flat to expose mid-coronal occlusal dentin surface with one of six preparation methods--P120 grit SiC paper, P400 grit SiC paper, P1200 grit SiC paper, medium grit diamond bur, fine grit diamond bur, and carbide bur. Each of the adhesives was used to bond resin-based composite to the dentin surface. Dumbbell-shaped specimens were fabricated and microtensile bond strengths were determined. The subsequent debond pathway and micromorphological structures of representative dentin surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA and survival analyses were performed both assuming independence from and accommodating for within-tooth correlation between specimens. RESULTS: By ignoring the correlations between specimens, statistical analyses revealed no surface preparation effect on microtensile bond strength for each adhesive system. However, effects of surface preparation method on dentin adhesion of both adhesives were detected when accommodating for any within-tooth specimen correlations. Overall, carbide bur group showed the lowest bond strength for both OptiBond FL and Clearfil SE Bond. Dentin surfaces ground with diamond burs tended to present more compact smear layer than those ground with SiC papers and, subsequently, produced an effect on resin-dentin bond strengths. CONCLUSIONS: The dentin surface preparation method affects smear layer characteristics and dentin surface topography and, therefore affects resin-dentin bond strength. Smear layer denseness, more so than thickness, may compromise bonding efficacy of adhesives, especially of the self-etch systems.     

不同树脂粘固剂对瓷与牙本质粘接强度的比较研究

目的 评价不同种类树脂粘固剂与瓷-牙本质粘接强度的差异,以期为临床提供参考.方法选取无龋坏青年人前磨牙制备牙本质粘接面,铸造直径为3 mm、高为3 mm的圆柱状瓷块(IPS e.max Press)80个,分为A、B、C、D、E 5组.分别选用树脂粘固剂A(Variolink Ⅱ)、B(MultilinkAutomix)、C(Multilink Sprint)、D(Rely X Unicem)和E(BisCem)将瓷块粘固于牙本质粘接面上,每组制成16个试样.37℃水储24 h后每组8个试样直接测试剪切粘接强度,另8个试样进行5000次冷热循环后测试粘接强度,扫描电镜观察粘接面形态.对同种粘固剂冷热循环前后的粘接强度进行双样本t检验.结果冷热循环前A组粘接强度[(22.3±3.9)MPa]最大,B组[(18.1±3.5)MPa]次之,再次为D组[(14.1±2.3)MPa]和E组[(11.7±4.2)MPa],C组[(11.3±3.6)MPa]最小.冷热循环后A组粘接强度[(17.8±2.3)MPa]仍最大,B组[(14.4±3.5)MPa]和D组[(13.2±2.5)MPa]次之,再次为E组[(8.9±3.2)MPa],C组[(7.0±2.4)MPa]最小.与冷热循环前相比,冷热循环后A、B、C 3组粘接强度均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D组和E组粘接强度下降不明显(P>0.05).结论以全酸蚀粘接技术为基础的树脂粘固剂的粘接强度大于以自酸蚀粘接技术为基础的树脂粘固剂和自粘接型树脂粘固剂.     

酸蚀对自黏结树脂水门汀与牙本质黏结强度的影响

目的:评价酸蚀预处理对自黏结树脂水门汀Unicem、G-Cem、Clearfil SA Cement、BisCem与牙本质微拉伸黏结强度的影响。方法:选用人无龋离体第三恒磨牙32颗,用低速切片机将选用磨牙冠1/4处沿垂直于牙体长轴方向切开,暴露牙本质。实验组在牙本质表面涂布37%磷酸,冲洗、吹干,对照组不做处理。然后将各组与直径为5 mm、高为4 mm的树脂块分别用 Unicem、G-Cem、Clearfil SA Cement、BisCem进行黏结。水浴24 h后,用低速切片机将样本切割成约1 mm×1 mm×8 mm条状,再进行微拉伸测试,并通过扫描电镜观察黏结界面。采用SPSS16.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:Unicem组（12.9±3.2） MPa、G-Cem组（11.7±2.6） MPa及Clearfil SA Cement组（10.9±2.3） MPa与牙本质的微拉伸黏结强度显著高于BisCem组（6.8±2.4） MPa（P<0.05）。酸蚀预处理后,Unicem组（9.2±2.5） MPa、G-Cem组（6.1±2.3） MPa及Clearfil SA Cement组（4.8±1.7） MPa黏结强度显著降低（P<0.05）,而BisCem组（7.1±2.9） MPa黏结强度无显著差异。结论:牙本质的表面酸蚀预处理降低了自黏结树脂水门汀G-Cem、Clearfil SA Cement及Unicem 的牙本质黏结强度,但对BisCem的牙本质黏结强度无显著影响。     

Adhesion of 10-MDP containing resin cements to dentin with and without the etch-and-rinse technique

PURPOSE

This study evaluated the adhesion of 10-MDP containing self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with and without the use of etch-and-rinse technique.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Human third molars (N=180) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=30 per group). Conventional (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray-PAN) and self-adhesive resin cements (Clearfil SA, Kuraray-CSA) were bonded to dentin surfaces either after application of 3-step etch-and-rinse (35% H₃PO₄ + ED Primer) or two-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond). Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test using the universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). The failure types were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and quality of hybrid layer was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The data (MPa) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey''s tests (α=.05).

RESULTS

Overall, PAN adhesive cement showed significantly higher mean bond strength (12.5 ± 2.3 - 14.1 ± 2.4 MPa) than CSA cement (9.3 ± 1.4 - 13.9 ± 1.9 MPa) (P<.001). Adhesive failures were more frequent in CSA cement groups when used in conjunction with two-step self-adhesive (68%) or no adhesive at all (66%). Hybrid layer quality was inferior in CSA compared to PAN cement in all conditions.

CONCLUSION

In clinical situations where bonding to dentin substrate is crucial, both conventional and self-adhesive resin cements based on 10-MDP can benefit from etch-and-rinse technique to achieve better quality of adhesion in the early clinical period.     

Carisolv去龋对牙本质粘结界面影响的实验研究

目的:研究Carisolv去龋对牙本质粘结界面的影响。方法:24颗新鲜拔除的中度龋损的第三磨牙,随机分成ABCD4组。每个牙的龋洞分成两半,一半用Carisolv去龋,另一半用涡轮车针去龋后,做如下处理:A组不处理;B组320ml/L磷酸酸蚀,扫描电镜观察牙本质表面形态;C组不酸蚀,DyractAP复合体充填;D组320ml/L磷酸酸蚀后复合树脂充填,扫描电镜观察牙本质-充填体界面。结果:A组:Carisolv去龋后牙本质表面玷污层少,大部分牙本质小管口开放,清晰可见,表面粗糙不平;涡轮车针去龋后牙本质表面覆盖较厚玷污层,牙本质小管口堵塞,很少见到开口。B组:Carisolv去龋组和涡轮车针去龋组均去除了玷污层,牙本质小管口开放,但Carisolv组牙本质小管无管塞,而涡轮车针组牙本质小管残留部分管塞。C组:观察牙本质-复合体界面见Carisolv去龋组有较多树脂突形成,深入牙本质小管及管周;而涡轮车针去龋组未见明显树脂突起形成。D组:观察牙本质-树脂界面见2组树脂突的密度和长度无明显差异,但Carisolv去龋组树脂突之间的侧枝连接较涡轮车针去龋组多见。结论:Carisolv去龋后牙本质表面玷污层少,牙本质小管口开放,表面粗糙不规则,利于粘结,尤其在使用不需酸蚀的复合体充填时优势突出。     

Shear bond strength of two resin cements to human root dentin using three dentin bonding agents

This study compared the bond strength of two resin cements to human root dentin when used with three bonding agents. The materials used were Rely X ARC and Perma Cem, two one-bottle bonding agents (Single Bond, Bond-1) and one self-etching bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond). The dentin was obtained from single rooted human teeth, and the specimens were treated with either 15% EDTA or 37% phosphoric acid to remove the smear layer, except in groups where the self-etching bonding agent was used. The resin cements were placed on dentin surfaces with the use of bonding agents. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using a single plane shear test assembly. The dentin specimens were divided into 10 groups. Eight groups were pre-treated with EDTA or phosphoric acid to remove the smear layer, followed by a bonding agent (Bond-1 or Single Bond) and resin cement (Rely X or Perma Cem). In the two remaining groups, the smear layer was left intact, and the two resins cements were used in combination with the self-etching bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond). No statistically significant differences were observed among the eight groups treated with one-bottle bonding agents. The mean bond strengths of the two groups treated with the self-etching bonding agent did not differ significantly from each other but were both significantly greater than the bond strengths of all the other groups. The results of this study also showed that EDTA can be used as an alternative to phosphoric acid in bonding procedures for resin cements. However, the bond strengths of resin cements, in combination with a self-etching bonding agent, were significantly greater than those of the same cements when used with one-bottle bonding agents.     

Er:YAG激光不同能量预处理对自粘结树脂水门汀剪切粘结强度的影响

目的探讨Er:YAG激光不同能量预处理对自粘结树脂水门汀剪切粘结强度的影响。方法按照纳入标准收集人离体磨牙70颗,根据对牙本质表面Er:YAG激光预处理能量的不同随机分为7组:A组(空白对照)、B组(50 m J,10 Hz)、C组(100 m J,10 Hz)、D组(150 m J,10 Hz)、E组(200 m J,10 Hz)、F组(250 m J,10 Hz)、G组(300 m J,10 Hz)。每组10颗牙中随机取2颗切取3 mm厚的牙本质片,按相应分组用不同激光能量预处理后扫描电镜观察;每组剩余8颗牙包埋后,制备一致标准牙本质表面,按相应分组要求预处理后,用自粘结树脂水门汀Rely XTMUnicem将其与Everest ZS氧化锆瓷片粘结,24 h后测试各组剪切粘结强度并进行统计学分析。结果扫描电镜观察显示Er:YAG激光预处理后牙本质表面形态改变明显,变得粗糙不平,牙本质小管开放,无玷污层,管周和管间牙本质脱矿,一定能量范围内呈现较好的粘结表面;剪切粘结强度结果显示Er:YAG激光预处理可增强自粘结树脂水门汀Rely XTMUnicem的剪切粘结强度(P<0.01);C、D、E组的剪切粘结强度与A组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论粘结强度与牙本质的粘结表面密切相关,合适能量下的Er:YAG激光预处理能获得较好的牙本质粘结表面,提高自粘结树脂与牙本质和氧化锆瓷的剪切粘结强度。     

Nd: YAG激光对3种树脂水门汀与牙本质粘接强度的影响

目的观察Nd: YAG激光照射前后树脂水门汀-牙本质粘接界面的微观形貌特征,评价Nd: YAG激光对3种树脂水门汀与牙本质间粘接强度的影响。方法选择人离体前磨牙30颗,分为颊、舌两部分,将试件随机分为激光组和对照组。激光组以0.8 W、10 Hz脉冲Nd: YAG激光作用于牙本质表面25 s,联合3种树脂水门汀RelyX ARC、Panavia F和RelyX Unicem充填;对照组直接使用树脂水门汀充填。然后测试剪切强度,在根管显微镜下观察断裂模式并分类。另选人离体前磨牙6颗,按照标准的牙本质粘接面预备后,使用Nd: YAG激光照射3颗牙牙本质表面,并联合充填不同的树脂水门汀,用扫描电镜观察Nd: YAG激光照射前后树脂水门汀-牙本质界面的微观形貌变化。结果
激光照射可以提高自酸蚀树脂水门汀Panavia F和自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质之间的剪切强度（P＜0.05）。激光会降低全酸蚀树脂水门汀RelyX ARC与牙本质间的剪切强度（P＜0.05）。根管显微镜下观察可见：试件断裂大部分发生在树脂水门汀-牙本质界面。扫描电镜观察可见：Nd: YAG激光照射后,全酸蚀亚组和自酸蚀亚组的混合层变薄、树脂突变短且少;自粘接亚组变化不明显,未见树脂突。结论Nd: YAG激光照射后,可提高Panavia F和RelyX Unicem与牙本质的剪切强度,建议临床联合应用。     

Evaluation of thermal cycling and mechanical loading on bond strength of a self-etching primer system to dentin.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro durability and fracture modes of the tooth-resin interface following thermal cycling, fatigue load cycling (FLC) and micro-tensile bond strength testing (MTBS). METHODS: Twenty-four human molars were divided into two groups. In group A, coronal dentin was ground flat with #600-grit SiC paper, Clearfil Linerbond.2V (LB.2V) adhesive was applied and a crown fabricated with Clearfil AP-X resin composite. Samples were loaded in the FLC simulator and thermal cycle device. In group B, Class I cavities were prepared with a diamond bur and the cavity restored with LB.2V/AP-X. Samples were simultaneously subjected to FLC and thermal cycling. After storage of the specimens in water for 1 week, MTBS tests were performed, and fracture modes examined by SEM. RESULTS: For group A, MTBS were approximately 40 MPa with cohesive failures in the bonding resin of all specimens. Neither thermal nor mechanical stressing altered bond strengths on flat dentin surfaces. In group B, MTBS in the unstressed control group was 21 MPa with cohesive failures in the resin. As both thermal and mechanical stresses increased, there was a significant decrease in bond strength (16 MPa, P<0.05) and the fractures were seen in the resin-dentin interface and hybrid layer. SIGNIFICANCE: Surface preparation, C-factor, cavity depth, the dentin substrate and character of the smear layer strongly influence the bond strength values after thermal and fatigue loading. The FLC simulator in combination with MTBS testing provides meaningful in vitro evaluation of dentin bonding durability.