脓毒症大鼠小肠功能变化的研究

目的　探讨脓毒症大鼠小肠屏障、吸收、通透及其蠕动功能的变化。方法　以 Wistar大鼠缺血再灌注复合内毒素血症制备动物模型。将动物随机分为正常对照 ( N)、肠系膜上动脉夹闭 1h后再灌注 1h( I/ R1)、2 h( I/ R2 )和 4 h( I/ R4 )以及再灌注 2 h后复合内毒素 2 h( I/ RL)共 5个组。分别测定各组动物血或小肠组织二胺氧化酶 ( DAO)、D 乳酸、D 木糖水平及肠蠕动 ,同时进行小肠普通光镜检查。结果　 I/ R1、I/ R4和 I/ RL组血浆 DAO活性均显著升高 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,小肠组织 DAO在 I/ R2和 I/ RL 组均显著降低( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,从 N、I/ R1、I/ R2、I/ R4到 I/ RL,各组血浆 DAO和小肠 DAO的相关分析可见呈高度负相关( r= 0 .90 9,P<0 .0 0 1) ;I/ R 1、I/ R 2和 I/ RL组血浆 D乳酸均显著升高 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;与 N组比较各组肠传输速度显著加快 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ;I/ R 1和 I/ RL组血中 D木糖浓度较 N组高 ,3h后仍高于 N组 ;血 DAO浓度与血 D乳酸浓度变化相关 ( r=0 .5 5 9,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　缺血再灌注后小肠的屏障、吸收、通透和蠕动功能均有不同程度的改变 ;缺血再灌注复合内毒素血症时再次加速或加重了小肠屏障、吸收、通透和传输功能的变化     

浙江省岱山县居民死因分析

目的 为掌握浙江省岱山县海岛地区居民健康状况和主要疾病死亡原因,评价居民健康水平,为政府和相关部门制定疾病预防控制策略提供参考依据.方法 对岱山县1986 -1988年和2009-2010年两个时期居民死亡资料进行比较分析,采用国际疾病分类法进行编码,以2000年全国标准人口构成比进行死亡率标化.结果 岱山县两个...     

2010年云南省大理州祥云县居民死亡原因分析

目的 了解云南省祥云县当地居民死亡的主要原因,为制定当地疾病预防控制工作策略提供参考依据。 方法 分析祥云县死因登记报告系统中导出的2010年数据信息,用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析。 结果 祥云县2010年共报告死亡2759例,报告年平均死亡率为6.02,男性1648例,年死亡率为7.05,女性1111例,年死亡率为4.94。男性死亡率是女性的1.4倍,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);60岁组死亡2001例,占总死亡例数的72.53%;前4位死因顺位分别是循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、伤害、恶性肿瘤,共死亡2384例,占总死亡例数86.41%。 结论 慢性非传染性疾病是危害当地居民健康的主要因素。     

2018年中国卒中管理及研究进展

中国是世界上最大的卒中负担国。随着卒中医疗质量的进步,我国卒中死亡率呈下降趋势,但卒中发生率仍呈上升趋势。近年来,中国在卒中教育、研究和护理方面均取得了巨大成就。本文回顾了近年来有影响力的学术成就,对中国卒中医疗质量提升、溶栓及新的治疗方法探索、中国卒中建设发展等最新进展进行了总结和评价,并展望了中国卒中管理的未来。     

上海市嘉定区社区卫生服务中心就诊伤害病例分析

目的 了解上海市嘉定区社区卫生服务中心门/急诊伤害发生状况,为伤害干预提供参考依据。 方法 以上海市嘉定区13家社区卫生服务中心作为伤害监测点医院,对2008年10月1日至2009年9月30 日到医院门诊就诊并被诊断为伤害的首诊患者作为研究对象。 结果 共报告伤害病例17 391例,男女性别比为2.27 ∶ 1;伤害病例以15~39岁年龄组最多(50.55%);本区户籍占44.67%,外地户籍占55.33%;7月发生的伤害人数最多(12.12%),发生时间多在08:11-16:37;以非故意伤害和轻度伤害为主;前5位伤害发生原因是物体/器具的机械性作用(66.28%)、跌倒/坠落(22.07%)、非机动车交通事故(6.47%)、机动车交通事故(1.86%)、烫伤(1.59%)。 结论 物体/器具的机械性作用、跌倒/坠落、交通事故为优先防治的伤害种类,应重视外来人口的伤害干预。     

2006年湖南省霍乱监测结果分析

目的 监测人群中霍乱病例和被霍乱弧菌污染的水体及食物,以便尽早采取预防控制措施,防止疫情扩散.方法 全省范围开展腹泻患者及外环境、食品监测,选择重点地区开展甲鱼霍乱弧菌污染状况专项监测.结果 2006年湖南省共登记腹泻患者111 526例,检测霍乱弧菌89 661例,检测率为80.39%,检出阳性4例,均为0139群霍乱弧菌感染;检测环境和食品样44 533份,其中水体35 113份,全部为阴性,水产品5377份,阳性16份,阳性率为0.30%,阳性标本为甲鱼和牛蛙,其他食品4043份,均为阴性;甲鱼专项监测2323份,检出阳性33份,阳性率为1.42%;霍乱毒素基因检测34株菌,20株为产毒株,占58.80%;药敏试验28株菌,均对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、丁胺卡那霉素100%敏感,对强力霉素、复方新诺明的敏感率为92.86%.结论 甲鱼、牛蛙等水产品是湖南省发生霍乱的主要因素,应加强水产品的监测和卫生管理.     

医院门诊患者幽门螺杆菌感染及治疗现状

目的：探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的感染率、抗Hp治疗的效果及影响疗效的相关因素。方法：454例用14C尿素呼气试验（14C-UBT）检测Hp的患者,记录其年龄、性别、Hp治疗方案1、4C-UBT结果等,分析其感染率及治疗效果。对调查数据行统计学分析。结果：在未抗Hp的患者中14C-UBT阳性率为53.7%,经抗Hp的患者中14C-UBT的阳性率为25.9%（P〈0.001）。在70例患者的具体治疗方案中常用的抗生素包括克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星和阿莫西林。14例（20%）患者经过2次或2次以上抗Hp治疗,治疗方案以含质子泵抑制剂（PPI）的三联治疗为主。4周后随访,77.1%患者14C-UBT转阴,其中19例患者在8周以后复查,其阳性率较低（15.8%）。7例四联治疗患者Hp全部根除。Logistic回归分析显示,14C-UBT的结果与抗Hp的次数和处方医师是否是消化科医师显著相关（P〈0.05）。29.6%的患者有不良反应。结论：常用的抗Hp治疗方案的有效率在77.1%左右,含铋剂的四联治疗方案有较高的根除率;患者的再感染率较低。     

兔脓毒症早期心肌功能的变化

目的　研究脓毒症早期心肌功能变化的意义。方法　 2 0只兔随机分成两组 :对照组 ( n=10 )行盲肠探查术 ;脓毒症组 ( n=10 )行盲肠结扎加穿孔术 ( CL P)制备脓毒症模型。两组均经右侧颈内动脉插管至左心室 ,每隔 1h测量 1次左室收缩峰压 ( L VSP)、左室压力最大上升速率 ( dp/ dt max)、左室压力最大下降速率 ( dp/ dt m ax) ;并采血检测肌钙蛋白 I( Tn I) ,设术后 0、1、2、3和 4共 5个时间点。结果　脓毒症组动物CL P术后 1h即出现 L VSP、 dp/ dt max、 dp/ dt m ax较基础值均明显下降 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,且随着时间的发展有进一步下降趋势 ;血清 Tn I水平均明显升高 ( P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,且随着时间的发展进一步升高。而对照组无明显变化。结论　兔脓毒症早期即有心肌损害 ,表现为心肌收缩和舒张功能均下降     

我国水源型高碘地区水碘形态的研究

目的 研究我国水源型高碘地区水中碘的存在形态。 方法 采集部分高碘地区的水样,采用碘-淀粉分光光度法和高效液相色谱等离子体质谱法鉴别水中碘的形态和测定水碘含量。 结果 在172份水样中,161份以碘离子(混含少量的碘分子)形态存在,10份以碘酸根和碘离子混合形态存在,1份以单纯的碘酸根形态存在。 结论 我国高碘地区存在碘离子和碘酸根两种形态的高碘水源,碘离子是主要存在形态,其次是碘离子和碘酸根共存形态,单纯的碘酸根形态较少。在碘离子和碘酸根共存的水源中,碘酸根为主要形态。尚未发现以高碘酸根形态存在的水源。     

Alterations in energy metabolism in cardiomyopathies

Despite the fact that the heart requires huge amounts of energy to sustain contractile function, it has limited energy reserves and must therefore continually produce large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to sustain function. Fatty acids are the primary energy substrate of the adult heart, with more than 60% of the energy normally obtained from the oxidation of fatty acids, the remainder coming from the metabolism of carbohydrates. Alterations in both the rates of ATP production and the type of energy substrate used by the heart can have consequences on contractile function, as well as on its ability to respond to energetic stresses. Switches in myocardial substrate utilization and energy production rates have been shown to occur in various cardiomyopathies, as well as in any subsequent heart failure. Heart failure is characterized by an inefficient pumping of the heart, which fails to meet the energy requirements of the body. A number of cardiomyopathies can lead to heart failure. This paper will review the alterations in energy metabolism that occur in a number cardiomyopathies, including ischemic and diabetic cardiomyopathies, as well as hypertrophic cardiomyopathies resulting from mutations in enzymes involved in energy metabolism, such as 5′adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK).     

Liguzinediol protects against cardiac fibrosis in rats in vivo and in vitro

Cardiac fibrosis plays a causal role in the development of heart failure, and anti-fibrotic therapy represents a promising strategy to mitigate heart failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a new drug-liguzinediol on cardiac fibrosis of heart failure Male Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) rats and the underlying mechanisms. Liguzinediol was administered to rats that were injected with doxorubicin (Dox) for four weeks. Two weeks later, its effects on cardiac fibrosis were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining. The collagen content was determined by Elisa, and protein expression was detected by western blot in vitro and in vivo. Liguzinediol decreased cardiac muscle fiber break evidenced by HE staining and it significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis evidenced by Masson staining in DOX-treated rats. In addition, the hydroxyproline level and the ratio of type I/III collagens were also significantly decreased, and western blot assays showed that liguzinediol regulated the balance between matrix matalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) to protect cardiac remodeling in vivo and in vitro. These data collectively indicated that liguzinediol could protect against cardiac fibrosis in rats. Liguzinediol could be exploited to be a promising candidate for cardiac fibrosis.     

Achievements in hip joint surgery in adults in Poland

The treatment of diseases and injuries of the hip joint in both children and adults has been a major area of interest for surgeons treating injuries and non-traumatic conditions of the organs of locomotion. The work of prominent Polish surgeons and orthopaedists has contributed to progress in this branch of medicine over the last century.     

Rapid pacing results in changes in atrial but not in ventricular refractoriness

It is well known that atrial tachycardia causes atrial electrical remodeling, characterized by shortening of atrial effective refractory periods (AERPs) and loss of physiological adaptation of AERP to rate. However, the nature and time course of changes in ventricular effective refractory periods (VERP) caused by rapid rates are to be established. After being instrumented with epicardial electrodes on both atria and both ventricles nine goats were subjected to 1 week of rapid AV pacing with a rate of 240 beats/min and an AV delay of 100 ms. Pacing was only interrupted for measurement of left and right AERPs and VERPs at three basic cycle lengths (BCL) of 400 ms, 300 ms, and 200 ms during sinus rhythm in the conscious animal. Left and right AERPs decreased at all BCLs, reaching minimum values after 3 days (right AERP at BCL of 400 ms, 96 +/- 16 ms after 3 days vs 144 +/- 16 ms at baseline, P < 0.05). In contrast, both left and right VERPs did not change at any BCL. This study demonstrates a difference between the atria and ventricles with respect to tachycardia induced changes in refractoriness.     

Caregiver accuracy in detecting deception in facial expressions of pain in children

Facial expressions provide a primary source of inference about a child’s pain. Although facial expressions typically appear spontaneous, children have some capacity to fake or suppress displays of pain, thereby potentially misleading caregiver judgments. The present study was designed to compare accuracy of different groups of caregivers in detecting deception in children’s facial expressions of pain when voluntarily controlled. Caregivers (15 pediatricians, 15 pediatric nurses, and 15 parents) viewed 48 video clips of children, 12 in each of 4 conditions (genuine pain, faked pain, suppressed pain, neutral baseline), and judged which condition was apparent to them. A 3 (group: pediatrician vs pediatric nurse vs parent) × 4 (condition: genuine vs faked vs suppressed vs neutral) mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) of judgment accuracies revealed a significant main effect of group, with nurses demonstrating higher overall accuracy scores than parents, and pediatricians not differing from either group. As well, all caregivers, regardless of group, demonstrated the lowest accuracy when viewing the genuine condition, relative to the faked and suppressed conditions, with accuracy for the neutral condition not differing significantly from the other conditions. Overall, caregivers were more successful at identifying faked and suppressed than genuine expressions of pain in children, and pediatric nurses fared better overall in judgment accuracy than parents.     

短信平台在新生儿监护病房护理管理中的应用

目的：探讨短信平台传达信息在新生儿病房护理管理中的效果。方法在新生儿病房护理管理中应用短信平台与护士沟通。比较实施短信平台沟通前（2012年1-6月）和实施后（2012年7-12月）护理信息传递时间、信息接收率、护士对信息的知晓率、会议参会率、护士满意度,评价实施后的效果。结果短信平台建立后,信息传达时间（0．04±0．15）min/条,信息接收率（99．00±1．23）％,知晓率（98．00±1．23）％,参会率（98．34±1．23）％,均优于实施前的（3．12±1．20） min/条,（8±．00±2．34）％,（88．00±2．23）％,（88．12±2．23）％,差异均有统计学意义（t分别为13．95,-24．86,-21．74,-29．18;P＜0．0±）。实施短信平台后,护士对医院管理方式、领导与下属关系的满意度分别为（2．79±0．99）,（4．50±0．64）分,分别高于实施前的（2．03±0．74）,（4．12±0．56）分,差异有统计学意义（t 分别为4．7629,3．4612;P＜0．0±）。结论短信平台缩短了信息传达时间,提高了信息接收率、知晓率、参会率及护士满意度,从而进一步提高了护理质量,且短信方便、快捷、准确,适合护理管理的广泛应用。     

Sex differences in salicylic acid metabolism in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats

The metabolism of salicylic acid was studied in male and female streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Results obtained showed that in both sexes there was a significant increase in urinary excretion of salicyluric acid in diabetic rats when compared to controls (P less than or equal to 0.001). Within the diabetic groups, there was a significant increase in the urinary excretion of salicyluric acid in the female in comparison to the male rats (P less than or equal to 0.01). A statistically significant increase was observed in urinary excretion of salicyl-glucuronic acid in diabetic female compared to control female rats (P less than or equal to 0.01) while comparison of diabetic male to control male showed a significant decrease in urinary excretion of salicyl-glucuronic acid (P less than or equal to 0.01). Comparison of the diabetic female and male groups showed a high statistically significant difference in urinary excretion of salicyl-glucuronic acid. The diabetic ration, ie diabetic/control was significantly higher in female than in male rats with respect to salicyl-glucuronic acid (P less than or equal to 0.001) and total urinary excretion (P less than or equal to 0.01). The diabetic ratio may likely reflect the true significance of the roles played by the two metabolic pathways. The results suggest sex differences in the metabolism of salicylic acid; this may also be the case in other disease states.